ACM

RIZAL — Module 4 Chapter 3

Jose Goes to Biñan
EARLY EDUCATION IN CALAMBA AND BIÑAN
- June 1869
‣ Sunday afternoon

Introduction ‣ After kissing the hands of his parents and a tearful

- Early Education
parting from his sisters

‣ Calamba
‣ Left Calamba for Biñan

‣ Biñan
‣ He was accompanied by PACIANO

- Typical schooling that a son of an ilustrado family - Who acted as his second father

received during his time, characterized by 4 R’s: ‣ They rode in a carromata, reaching their
‣ Reading
destination after one and one-half hours’ drive

‣ Writing
- LEANDRO
‣ Arithmetic
‣ Cousin of Rizal

‣ Religion
‣ They went sightseeing in the town

- Instruction was rigid and strict

‣ Rizal did not enjoy the night = became depressed
- Knowledge was forced into the minds of the pupils — because of homesickness

tedius memory method (aided with the teacher’s “In the moonlight,” he recounted, “I remembered my home
whip)
town, my idolized mother, and my solicitous sisters. Ah, how
- Educational System during the last decades of the sweet to me was Calamba, my own town, in spite of the fact,
Spanish Era:
that it was not as wealthy as Biñan.”
✓ Outmoded instruction

✓ Backward system of instruction

First Day in Biñan School
- Next Morning — MONDAY
The Hero’s First Teacher ‣ Paciano brought his brother to the school of
- MOTHER — Doña Teodora Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz
‣ First teacher of Rizal
‣ The school was in the house of the teacher

‣ A remarkable woman of good character and fine - Small nipa hut about 30 meters from the home
culture
of Jose’s aunt

‣ On her lap, at the age of 3, he learned the:

‣ Paciano knew the teacher quite well = he was a
✓ Alphabet
student of this teacher

✓ Prayers
- He introduced his younger brother to the
“My mother,” wrote Rizal in his student memoirs, “taught me teacher and departed to return to Calamba

how to read and to say haltingly the humble prayers which I - Jose was assigned his seat in the class —
raised fervently to God.” conversation:
Maestro Justiniano — “Do you know Spanish?”
‣ As a tutor, she was:
Jose (Calamba lad) — “ A little, sir”
Maestro Justiniano — “Do you know Latin?”
Patient Conscientious Understanding Jose — “A little, sir”
‣ She was the one who discovered that her son had
a talent for poetry
‣ The boys in the class laughed at Jose’s answer
‣ She encouraged him to write poems
especially PEDRO (the teacher’s son)

‣ She related many stories to:

‣ The teacher sharply stopped all noise and began
✓ Lighten the monotony (lack of variety and the lessons of the day

interest) of memorizing the ABCs

✓ To stimulate her son’s imagination

- Jose described his teacher in Biñan as follows:
‣ Tall

- PRIVATE TUTORS ‣ Thin

1. Maestro Celestino
‣ Long-necked

2. Maestro Lucas Padua

‣ With a sharp nose and a body slightly bent-forward

3. Leon Monroy ‣ He used to wear a sinamay shirt, woven by the

- Old man
skilled hands of the women of Batangas

- A former classmate of Rizal’s father

‣ He knew by heart the grammars by Nebrija and
- Became the boy’s tutor
Gainza
- He lived at the Rizal home
‣ His severity was exaggerated (in Jose’s POV)

- Instructed Jose in Spanish and Latin

‣ This description made by Jose was vague

- He did not live long (died five months later)

- After the death of Monroy, his parents decided to send

their gifted son to a private school in Biñan

For more info please contact: Alexa Mendoza, BSN 1-H (09277385029)
 ACM
First School Brawl ✓ They wickedly squealed to the teacher — Jose had
- Afternoon of his first day in school a fight outside the school

‣ Teacher was having his siesta

✓ Told lies to discredit him before the teacher’s eyes

‣ Jose met the bully, PEDRO ★ The teacher had to punish Jose

- He was angry to this bully for making fun of him ★ Jose said that:

during his convo with his teacher

“In spite of the reputation I had of being a good boy, the day
‣ Jose challenged Pedro to a fight
was unusual when I was not laid out on a bench and given
- Pedro accepted it and thought he could easily five or six blows.”
defeat the small and younger Calamba boy

- The two wrestled in the classroom

End of Biñan Schooling
- Jose learned wrestling from his athletic Tio - Before the Christmas Season in 1870
Manuel — defeated the bigger boy
‣ Jose received a letter from his sister, SATURNINA

- He became popular ‘coz of this

‣ Informing him of the arrival of the steamer Talim
- After the class in the afternoon which would take him from Biñan to Calamba

‣ Andres Salandanan — a classmate who ‣ He became sad:

challenged him to an arm-wrestling match

✓ Prayed at the town church

- Sidewalk of a house
✓ Collected pebbles in the river for souvenirs

- Jose — having weaker arm, lost and nearly ✓ Regretfully bade farewell to his teacher and
cracked his head
classmates

- In succeeding days, he had other fights with the boys - He left Biñan on December 17, 1870
of Biñan
‣ Saturday afternoon

‣ He was not quarrelsome (hindi daw siya talaga ‣ After one year and a half of schooling in that town

warfreak) but he never ran away from a fight

‣ It was his first time to ride on a steamer

- On board was a Frenchman, Arturo Camps

Painting Lessons in Biñan - A friend of his father, who took care of him

- JUANCHO
‣ Old painter near the school
Martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za
‣ Father-in-law of the school teacher
- January 20, 1872 (Night)
‣ He gave free lessons in drawing and painting to ‣ about 200 Filipino soldiers and workmen of the
Jose
Cavite arsenal under the leadership of Lamadrid,
‣ He was impressed by the artistic talent of the Filipino Sargeant, rose in violent mutiny

Calamba lad
- Abolition of their usual privileges

- JOSE GUEVARRA ✓ Exemption from tribute and polo (forced

‣ Classmate of Jose Rizal
labor) by the GOV. RAFAEL DE IZQUIERDO
‣ Together with him, who also loved painting, - CAVITE MUTINY
became apprentices of the old painter
‣ Was surpressed two days later — troop
‣ They improved their art so that in due time the reinforcements from Manila

became “the favorite painters of the class” ‣ Spanish authorities — liquidate:

Father Mariano Gomez

Daily Life in Biñan
Leaders of the secular
- Jose led a methodical life in Biñan, almost Spartan in Father Jose Burgos movement to Filipinize the
simplicity

Philippine parishes
- Such life contributed to his future development
Father Jacinto Zamora
‣ Strengthened his BODY and SOUL
- He recorded in his memoirs his daily life in Biñan
‣ And their supporters magnified the failed mutiny
* Read it in your hand-out or photocopy of this into a “revolt” for Philippines Independence:

chapter — page 23 * ✓ Jose Ma. Basa

✓ Attorney Joaquin Pardo de Tavera

Best Student in School ✓ Attorney Antonio Ma. Regidor

- In academics — he beat the Biñan boys

‣ Accordingly Gom-Bur-Za despite the archbishop’s
- He surpassed them all in:
plea for clemency (mercy) because of their
✓ Spanish
innocence — executed at sunrise — February 17,
✓ Latin
1872
✓ Other subjects
- By order of Governor General Izquierdo
- Some of his older classmates were jealous of his - Their execution was deeply mourned by the
intellectual superiority
Rizal family and many other patriotic fam in PH

For more info please contact: Alexa Mendoza, BSN 1-H (09277385029)
 ACM
- PACIANO - Arriving at Santa Cruz — incarcerated at the
‣ Enraged by the execution of BURGOS, his provincial prison (she languished for 2
beloved:
YEARS AND A HALF)

✓ Friend
- After 2 years and a half, the Manila Royal
✓ Teacher
Audiencia (Supreme Court) acquitted her of
✓ Housemate
the alleged crime

‣ Quit his studies at the College of San Jose and - Recounting this incidence of his mother’s
returned to Calamba
imprisonment, he said in his student memoirs:
‣ He told the heroic story of Burgos to his younger “Our mother was unjustly snatched away from us and by
bro, Jose (who was nearly 11 years old)
whom? By some men who had been our friends and whom
- MARTYRDOM OF GOM-BUR-ZA we treated as honored guests. We learned later that our
‣ Inspired Rizal to fight the evils of Spanish tyranny mother got sick, far from us and at an advanced age. My
and redeem his oppressed people
mother was defended by Messrs. Francisco de Marcaida and
‣ 17 YEARS LATER, in his letter written in Paris, April Manuel Marzan, the most famous lawyers of Manila. She
18, 1889 to Mariano Ponce
finally succeeded to be acquitted and vindicated in the eyes
* Read the letter in your hand-out or photocopy of her judges, accusers, and even her enemies, but after how
of this chapter — page 25 ** long? After two and a half years.”
‣ 1891 — He dedicated his novel, El Filibusterismo to
GOMBURZA

Injustice to Hero’s Mother

- Before June 1872
‣ Doña Teodora — suddenly arrested on a malicious
charge

✓ She and her brother, JOSE ALBERTO tried to

poison his wife

✓ Jose Alberto — a rich Biñan ilustrado had just

returned from a business trip in Europe

✓ During his absence, his wife abandoned their

home and children

✓ He found her living with another man (OMG

napaka-higad naman, kating-kati lang sis)

✓ He planned to divorce her (deserve mo lang teh)

✓ Doña Teodora persuaded him to forgive his wife

to avert family scandal

✓ The prob was settled — nagbalikan nanaman

ulit sila (apaka-rupok naman)

✓ Kaso sis dahil higad na evil pa ang wife, sa

tulong ng Spanish lieutenant ng Guardia Civil,
binaligtad ang asawa, edi was sila, kaya
nakulong si mama ni Pepe tsaka tito niya. Hay
naku! — Attempted Poisoning daw ang kaso

‣ Lieutenant (sadistic siya teh, fifty shades niya lang)

— have an ax to grind against the Rizal family

✓ Don Francisco (Rizal’s dad) refused to give him

fodder (hindi tatay ah, pagkain) for his horse

✓ Took this opportunity to arrest Doña Teodora as

a revenge with the help of Calamba’s
gobernadorcillo — Antonio Vivencio del
Rosario (a menial friars)

✓ These two ungrateful men — frequent guests

at the Rizal home

✓ After arresting Mama ni Pepe, he forced her to

walk from CALAMBA to SANTA CRUZ (capital
of Laguna Province)

- distance of 50KM (fun run lang sis)

For more info please contact: Alexa Mendoza, BSN 1-H (09277385029)