Angeles - Momentum Transfer

2.5-2. An oil is being pumped inside a 10.0-mm diameter pipe at a Reynolds number of 2100.
The oil
density is 855 kg/m3 and the viscosity is 2.1 x10-2 Pa.s.
(a). What is the velocity in the pipe?
(b.) It is desired to maintain the same Reynolds number of 2100 and the same velocity as in part (a)
using a second fluid with a density of 925 kg/m3 and a viscosity of 1.5x10-2 Pa.s. What pipe diameter
should be used?
2.6-2. A hydrocarbon liquid enters a simple flow system shown in Fig. 2.6-1 at an average velocity of
1.282 m/s, where A1= 4.33x10-3 m2 and p1= 902 kg/m3. The liquid is heated in the process and the exit
density is 875 kg/m3. The cross-sectional area at point 2 is 5.26x10-3 m3. The process is steady state.
(a). Calculate the mass flow rate m at the entrance and exit.
(b). Calculate the average velocity in 2 and the mass velocity G in 1.

2.10-1. One use of the Hagen-Poiseuille equation is in determining the viscosity of a liquid by measuring
the pressure drop and velocity of the liquid in a capillary of known dimensions. The liquid used has a
density of 912 kg/m^3, and the capillary has a diameter of 2.222 mm and a length of .1585 m. The
measured flow rate is 5.33*10^-7 m^3/s of liquid and the pressure drop 131 mm of water (density 996
kg/m^3). Neglecting end effects, calculate the viscosity of the liquid in Pa*s.
2.10-2. Calculate the frictional pressure drop in pascal for olive oil at 293 K flowing through a
commercial pipe having an inside diameter of 0.0525 m and a length of 76.2 m. The velocity of the
fluid is 1.22 m/s. Use the friction factor method. Is the flow laminar or turbulent? Use physical data
from Appendix A-4.
2.10-3. A liquid having a density of 801 kg/m3 and a viscosity of 1.49x10-3 Pa.s is flowing through a
horizontal straight pipe at a velocity of 4.57 m/s. The commercial steel pipe is 1.5-in nominal pipe
size, schedule 40. For a length of pipe of 61m, do as follows:
(a). Calculate the friction loss Ff.
(b). For a smooth tube of the same inside diameter, calculate the friction loss. What is the percent
reduction of Ff for the smooth tube.
2.10-4. In a hydraulic project a cast-iron pipe having an inside diameter of 0.156m and a 305m
length is used to drain wastewater at 293K. The available head is 4.57m of water. Neglecting any
losses in fittings and joints in the pipe, calculate the flow rate in m3/s. (Hint: Assume the physical
properties of pure water. The solution is trial and error, since the velocity appears in Reynolds
number, which is needed to determine the friction factor. As a first trial, assume that v= 1.7m/s)
2.10-5. Hot water is being discharged from a storage tank at the rate of 0.223ft3/s. The process flow
diagram and conditions are the same as given in Example 2.10-6, except for the different nominal
pipe sizes of schedule 40 steel as follows. The 20ft long outlet pipe from the storage tank is 1.5in
pipe instead of 4in pipe. The other piping, which was 2in pipe, is not 2.5in pipe. Note that now a
sudden expansion occurs after the elbow in the 1.5in pipe to a 2in pipe.
2.10-6. Hot water in an open storage tank at 82.2*C is being pumped at the rate of 0.379 m3/min
from the tank. The line from the storage tank to the pump suction is 6.1m of 2in schedule 40 steel
pipe and it contains three elbows. The discharge line after the pump is 61m of 2in pipe and contains
two elbows. The water discharges to the atmosphere at a height of 6.1m above the water level in the
storage tank.
(a). Calculate all frictional losses
(b). Make a mechanical-energy balance and calculate Ws of the pump in J/kg
(c). What is the kW power of the pump if its efficiency is 75%?

2.10-7. Nitrogen gas is flowing through a 4-in schedule 40 commercial steel pipe at 298K. The total
flow rate is 7.40x10-2 kg/s and the flow can be assumed as isothermal. The pipe 3000m long and
the inlet pressure is 200kpa. Calculate the outlet pressure.
2.10-8. Air at 10*C and 1.0atm abs pressure is flowing at a velocity of 2.0m/s inside a tube having a
diameter of 0.012m.
(a). Calculate the entry length.
(b). Calculate the entry length for water at 10*C and the same velocity.
2.10-9. An oil having a density of 833 kg/m3 and a viscosity of 3.3x10-3 Pa.s is pumped from an
open tank to a pressurized tank held a 345 kpa gauge. The oil is pumped from an inlet at the side of
the open tank through a line of commercial steel pipe having an inside diameter of 0.07792m at the
rate of 3.494x10-3 m3/s. The length of straight pipe is 122m, and the pipe contains two elbows and a
globe valve half open. The level of the liquid in the open tank is 20m above the liquid level in the
pressurized tank. The pump efficiency is 65%. Calculate the kW power of the pump.
2.10-10. Water flows in the annulus of horizontal, concentric-pipe heat exchanger and is being
heated from 40*C to 50*C in the exchanger, which has a length of 30m of equivalent straight pipe.
The flow rate of the water is 2.90x10-3 m3/s. The inner pipe is 1in schedule 40 and the outer is 2in
schedule 40. What is the pressure drop? Use an average temperature of 45*C for bulk physical
properties. Assume that the wall temperature is an average of 4*C higher than the average bulk
temperature so that a correction can be made for the effect of heat transfer on the friction factor.
2.11-1. Staring Eq. (2.11-9), derive Eqs. (2.11-11) and (2.11-12) for the maximum velocity in
isothermal compressible flow.
2.11-2. Methane gas is being pumped through a 305m length and 52.5mm-ID steel pipe at the rate
of 41.0kg/m2.s. The inlet pressure is p1= 345 kpa abs. Assume isothermal flow at 288.8 K.
(a). Calculate the pressure p2 at the end of the pipe. The viscosity is 1.04x10-5 Pa.s
(b). Calculate the maximum velocity that can be attained at these conditions and compare with the
velocity in part (a).
2.11-3. Air at 288K and 275 kPa abs enters a pipe and is flowing in isothermal compressible flow in
a commercial pipe having an ID of 0.080m. The length of the pipe is 60m. The mass velocity at the
entrance to the pipe is 165.55kg/m2.s. Assume 29 for the molecular weight of air. Calculate the
pressure at the exit. Also, calculate the maximum allowable velocity that can be attained and
compare with the actual.

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2.5-2. An oil is being pumped inside a 10.0-mm diameter pipe at a Reynolds number of 2100.

(a). What is the velocity in the pipe?

(b). Calculate the average velocity in 2 and the mass velocity G in 1.

(a). Calculate the friction loss Ff.

(a). Calculate all frictional losses

(b). Make a mechanical-energy balance and calculate Ws of the pump in J/kg

(c). What is the kW power of the pump if its efficiency is 75%?

(a). Calculate the entry length.

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