Metabolism is defined as the totality of all enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell or organism. Anabolism involves building complex molecules from simple subunits through condensation reactions, while catabolism involves breaking down complex molecules into simple subunits through hydrolysis reactions. Carbon forms the basis of organic life due to its ability to form four covalent bonds, allowing it to function as a stable backbone in a wide variety of compounds. The four main types of biomacromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which are made up of monomer subunits joined by glycosidic, ester, peptide, and phosphodiester bonds respectively.
Metabolism is defined as the totality of all enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell or organism. Anabolism involves building complex molecules from simple subunits through condensation reactions, while catabolism involves breaking down complex molecules into simple subunits through hydrolysis reactions. Carbon forms the basis of organic life due to its ability to form four covalent bonds, allowing it to function as a stable backbone in a wide variety of compounds. The four main types of biomacromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which are made up of monomer subunits joined by glycosidic, ester, peptide, and phosphodiester bonds respectively.
Metabolism is defined as the totality of all enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell or organism. Anabolism involves building complex molecules from simple subunits through condensation reactions, while catabolism involves breaking down complex molecules into simple subunits through hydrolysis reactions. Carbon forms the basis of organic life due to its ability to form four covalent bonds, allowing it to function as a stable backbone in a wide variety of compounds. The four main types of biomacromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which are made up of monomer subunits joined by glycosidic, ester, peptide, and phosphodiester bonds respectively.
Metabolism is defined as the totality of all enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell or organism. Anabolism involves building complex molecules from simple subunits through condensation reactions, while catabolism involves breaking down complex molecules into simple subunits through hydrolysis reactions. Carbon forms the basis of organic life due to its ability to form four covalent bonds, allowing it to function as a stable backbone in a wide variety of compounds. The four main types of biomacromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which are made up of monomer subunits joined by glycosidic, ester, peptide, and phosphodiester bonds respectively.
Define metabolism The totality of all enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell or organism …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
Compare anabolism and catabolism (including an example of each)
Anabolism Catabolism
• The build up of complex molecules from more • The break down of complex molecules into more ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… simple subunits (i.e. monomers) ………………………………………………………………………… simple subunits (i.e. monomers) ………………………………………………………………………… • Requires condensation reactions to proceed ………………………………………………………………………… • Requires hydrolysis reactions to proceed ………………………………………………………………………… (water is produced as a by-product) (water is consumed as part of the reaction) ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… • Example: Photosynthesis • Example: Cell respiration ………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………
Differentiate between organic and inorganic compounds Organic molecules contain carbon and are synthesised by living organisms (anything else is inorganic) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Exceptions include carbides, carbonates, oxides of carbon and cyanides …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
Explain how the structure of the carbon atom contributes to the formation of organic life Carbon forms the basis of organic life due to its capacity to form large molecules ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Carbon has four valence electrons and can form four covalent bonds …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… +
6p This allows it to function as a stable backbone in a wide variety of compounds …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6n
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Explain the theory of vitalism and how it was falsified Vitalism proposed that organic molecules could ONLY be synthesised by living organisms ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... It was falsified by Frederick Woehler in 1828 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... He was able to synthesise urea (an organic molecule) from an inorganic salt under laboratory conditions ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Biomacromolecules
Define monomer A recurring subunit within a more complex polymer …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
Compare the four different types of biomacromolecules
Macromolecule Monomer / Subunit Polymer Bond Involved
Nucleic Acid Nucleotide DNA or RNA Phosphodiester bond
Write the chemical formula for an unsaturated fatty acid CH3 – (CH2)n – COOH …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
Draw molecular diagrams of glucose and ribose
Glucose (α-D) Ribose
Explain how the following may be identified based on their chemical formula Have C,H,O in a common ratio according to formula (CH2O)n Carbohydrate: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. May contain sulphur (some amino acids include sulphur) Protein: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Will contain phosphorus in relatively large amounts (nucleotides include a phosphate group) Nucleic Acid: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Innovation in Support of Local Government Policies and Community Empowerment in The Development of Tourist Village-Based Destination Areas On The Coast of Bone Bolango Regency
