Report
Report
Report
WATER TANK
PROJECT REPORT
Diploma in
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Submitted by
RAMESH C : 18105293
SARAVANAN M : 18105295
SATHISHKUMAR K : 18105296
SELVAGANAPATHY M : 18105297
SIVAKUMAR B : 18105299
M. SARANYA ., B.E.,
i
MOTHER TERESA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
METTUSALAI , ILUPPUR
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
RAMESH C : 18105293
SARAVANAN M : 18105295
SATHISHKUMAR K : 18105296
SELVAGANAPATHY M : 18105297
SIVAKUMAR B : 18105299
M.SARANYA P.SUYAMATHI
GUIDE HOD
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
iii
ABSTRACT
The overhead tank is designed for the capacity of 1,80,000 litres. The structure
is constructed using M25 grade of concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Plaster with
cement mortar 1:4. Foundation for all members and design procedure for structural
elements are as per IS 456-2000. The approximate estimated cost of the overhead
tank is Rs.7,20,000. Detailed drawings, design and estimates are included.
iv
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT iv
CONTENTS v
I INTRODUCTION 01
II SPECIFICATIONS 12
III METHODOLOGY 15
IV DRAWING 18
V STRUCTURAL DESIGN 20
v
5.5 Design of Beam 31
VI DETAILED ESTIMATION 45
VIII CONCLUSION 60
IX REFERENCES 62
vi
LIST OF SYMBOLS
Asv= Total cross-sectional are of stirrup legs or bent up bars within distance Sv
a = lever arm.
ac = Area of concrete.
b = width.
br =width of rib.
C =compressive force.
vii
D = depth
d = effective depth
e = eccentricity.
H = height.
I = moment of inertia.
viii
L=length.
Ld=devolopment length.
Mt=torsional moment.
m = modular ratio.
P = percentage steel.
Q= shear resistance.
ix
q’=shear stress due to torsioN
R= radius.
s= spacing of bars.
T=tensile force.
W= point load.
X= coordinate.
Z= distance.
α = inclination.
β = surcharge angle.
x
σcc = permissible stress in concrete.
μ = co efficient of friction.
xi
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Water tank are able to supply water even during power outages, because
they rely on hydrostatic pressure produced by elevation of water (due to
gravity) to push the water into domestic and industrial water distribution
systems; however, they cannot supply the water for a long time without power,
because a pump is typically required to refill the tower. A water tower also
serves as a reservoir to help with water needs during peak usage times. The
water level in the tower typically falls during the peak usage hours of the day,
and then a pump fills it back up during the night. This process also keeps the
water from freezing in cold weather, since the tower is constantly being
drained and refilled.[citation needed]
Although the use of elevated water storage tanks has existed since
ancient times in various forms, the modern use of water towers for pressurized
public water systems developed during the mid-19th century, as steam-
2
pumping became more common, and better pipes that could handle higher
pressures were developed. In Great Britain, standpipes, literally consisted of
tall, exposed, inverted u-shaped pipes, used for pressure relief and to provide
a fixed elevation for steam-driven pumping engines which tended to produce
a pulsing flow, while the pressurized water distribution system required
constant pressure. Standpipes also provided a convenient fixed location to
measure flow rates. Designers typically enclosed the riser pipes in decorative
masonry or wooden structures. By the late 19th-Century, standpipes grew to
include storage tanks to meet the ever-increasing demands of growing cities.
The height of the tower provides the pressure for the water supply
system, and it may be supplemented with a pump. The volume of the reservoir
and diameter of the piping provide and sustain flow rate. However, relying on
a pump to provide pressure is expensive; to keep up with varying demand, the
pump would have to be sized to meet peak demands. During periods of low
demand, jockey pumps are used to meet these lower water flow requirements.
3
The water tower reduces the need for electrical consumption of cycling pumps
and thus the need for an expensive pump control system, as this system would
have to be sized sufficiently to give the same pressure at high flow rates.
Very high volumes and flow rates are needed when fighting fires. With
awater tower present, pumps can be sized for average demand, not peak
demand; the water tower can provide water pressure during the day and pumps
will refill the water tower when demands are lower.
A water tank is used to store water to tide over the daily requirements.
It is an important structure in day today life as it fulfils the daily requirement
of water to public needs.
3) Underground tanks.
1) Circular tanks.
2) Rectangular tanks
3) Spherical tanks
4) Intze tank
4
For our design, the most popular water tank in India, the circular overhead
tank is chosen
When water is filled in circular tank, the hydrostatic water pressure will
try to increase in diameter at any section. However, this increase in the
diameter all long the height of the tank will depend on the nature of the joint
at the junction of the wall and bottom slab. If the joint is flexible, it will be
free to move outward . the hydrostatic pressure will be zero and hence there
will be no change in diameter and hydrostatic pressure at the bottom will be
maximum, resulting in the maximum increase in the diameter and maximum
movement ,if joint is flexible.
When the joint between the wall and floor is rigid, no horizontal
displacement of the wall at the joint is possible. The deflected shape of the
wall will be along deflected. The upper part will have hoop tension, while the
lower part will bend like cantilever fixed at joint at the bottom. For shallow
tanks with large diameter, hoop stresses are very small and the wall acts more
like cantilever. For deep tanks of small diameter, the cantilever action due to
fixed at the base will be small and the hoop action will be predominant.
5
a week. This location consist nearly 50% agricultural land. Around 450+
houses are there and so it requires more than 100m3 capacity water tank. From
the three major types of water tank, we had adopted Elevated Overhead tank
because the location needs pressurized water supply. Other than Elevated
Overhead tanks, other types of water tank are not suitable because they do not
give pressurized water supply like Elevated Overhead Tank.
The various sources of water can be classified into two categories: Surface
sources, such as
3. Storage reservoirs
1. Springs
2. Infiltration wells
The quantity of water required for municipal uses for which the water
supply scheme has to be designed requires following data:
6
Water consumption rate (Per Capita Demand in litres per day per head)
Population to be served.
• Presence of industries.
• Climatic conditions.
7
• Habits of economic status.
• Quality of water:
• Cost of water.
This quantity should be worked out with due provision for the estimated
Requirements of the future. The future period for which a provision is made
in the water supply scheme is known as the design period.
Expandability aspect.
• Available resources.
8
1. Permissible Stresses in Concrete:
(a) for resistance to cracking : the IS:456-2000 does not specify the permissible
stresses in concrete for its resistance to cracking. The permissible tensile
stresses due to bending apply to face of the member in contact with the liquid.
In members with the thickness less than 225mm and in contact with the liquid
on one side.
(b) For strength calculations: For strength calculations the usual permissible
stresses in accordance with IS:456-2000 are used. Where the calculated shear
stress in concrete above exceeds the permissible value, reinforcement acting
in conjunction with diagonal compression in concrete shall be provided to
take whole of the shear.
When steel and concrete are assumed to act together for checking the
tensile stresses in concrete for avoidance of cracking the tensile stresses in
steel will be limited by the requirement that the permissible tensile stress in
concrete is not exceeded so that tensile stresses in steel shall be equal to
product of modular ratio of steel and concrete.
4.Steel reinforcement:
9
5.Minimum cover to reinforcement:
For liquid faces of parts of members either in contact with the liquid or
enclosing the space above the liquid, the minimum cover to all reinforcement
should be 25mm or the diameter of main bar, whichever is greater.
10
To plan and design a water tank (Overhead Water Tank – made of Reinforced
Cement Concrete) for illupur.
* Functional Planning
- Selection of Site
* Structural Design
- Manual Design
11
12
CHAPTER II
SPECIFICATION
2.1 Foundation:
The foundation for all main walls be in plain cement concrete 1:4:8 mix, 2600 mm
wide and 1003mm thick, laid at 1003mm below ground level. The masonry footings
will be in brick work in cement mortar 1:5. The third being 300 for all walls.
2.2 Basement:
The basement will be in brick work in cement mortar 1:5, 300X450 above ground
level for all walls and is filled with earth to a depth of 300. A damp proof course, in
cement mortar 1:3, 20 thick will be provided for all walls at basement level.
2.3 Superstructure:
All walls will be in brick work in cement mortar 1:5, 200 thick. The height of all
walls will be 3500 above floor level. The partition walls will 100 thick in brick work
in cement mortar 1:5, 3000 high, constructed over the flooring concrete. All the walls
including basement shall be plastered smooth with cement mortar 1:4 externally and
1:6 internally for 12.5 thick. Parapet walls 300 thick and 600 high will be provided
in cement mortar 1:5 all round.
13
2.4 Roofing:
The roofing shall be of R.C.C 1:1.5:3 mix, 200 thick slab over the rooms. A
weathering course in brick jelly lime concrete and plastered with combination mortar
1:5:9 mix, 75 thick shall be provided over the slab.
2.6 Lintel:
All external opening will be provided with 150 thick R.C.C mix, lintel –cum-
sunshade and will be 450 wide. All internal openings will provide with 150 thick
R.C.C. 1:1.5:3 mix lintels.
2.7 Flooring:
The flooring will be in cement concrete 1:5:10 mix, 130 thick, the top finished
smooth with cement mortar 1:3, 20 thick plasters for all the rooms.
2.8 Steps:
Steps will be in brick work in cement mortar 1:5 mix, laid on 1600 x 300 cement
1:5:10 mix footing. Rise will be 150 and 300
14
15
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
Collection of data
Planning NBC
Drafting Autocad
Footing, Column,
Designing Lintel, Sunshade,
Slab
Proper nomenclature of floors and storey’s and also unified and improved
methods of designating the structural members eliminate the possible confusion and
led to less efforts and saving in time in the preparation of design calculation and
drawings There are two main methods to design the structural members, they are
16
working stress method and limit state method. Here, we adopt the limit state method
for designing all the structural members involved, in our project.
The structures are designed to its elastic limit in the working stress method,
whereas in the limit state method of design, the structural members are designed up
to its plastic limits. Both the methods are having the safety value. But, the most
economical method is the limits state method, which is adopted in every
constructional design nowadays.
Hence, we planned to go for the limit state method of design. For our project
work we took only for important structural members to design they are slab, beam,
column and footing. The slab is designed by assuming it as simply supported with
four edges discontinuous, for easier design calculation. The beam is designed by
knowing its span and its location (inner and outer). The beam must carry the self-
weight of slab and live load of 4KN on its self-weight also.
The live load on each beam will be calculated separately by considering the
load transmission diagram. In some beams where the wall is constructed above it,
the self-weight of wall has to be added. The column and footing design are made by
knowing the maximum axial load on each column.
17
18
CHAPTER IV
DRAWING
19
20
CHAPTER V
PERMISSIBLE STRESS:
σcc = 6 N/mm2
DIMENSION OF TANK:
Π x 4 x D2/ 4 = 180
∴D =7.5m say 8m
Load Calculation:
Self weight of beam = 0.3 x 25 x 0.65 = 2.65 N/mm2 Live load + floor
finish load = 2.5 N/ mm2
21
THICKNESS OF TANK WALL:
(ϒ x H x D /2)/ (1000t + (m-1) Ast) = σct (10 x 4.2 x 8/2) / [ 1000 x t + 12 x1680]
= 1.3
1) t = 109 mm ~ 110 mm
2) t = (30 x H ) + 50
t = 176 mm
D = 8.176 M
(Mx)c = 12.91kN/ m2
Circumferential Moment:
∴ (Mθ)c = 8.61kN/m2
d = √12.91 𝑥 106
22
√1000 𝑥 1.32
= 98.9 mm ~ 100mm
Provide total thickness of 176 mm using 12 mm dia bars with clear cover of 15 mm.
D = 176 – 15 – 6
= 155 mm
For 1stLayer ,
155 – 12 = 143mm
= 163.76 mmc/c
= 131 mm
= 672 mm2
23
= 2/3 x 45 x 12
= 1.8 ~ 2
Pr =½xwxa
= ½ x4.125 x (8.176/2)
Hence Safe
The maximum ring tension occurs at depth 3m below the water surface ( table 5.15
Hoop tension)
Pr = 102.14 kN
= 888mm2
24
Spacing:
= 127 mm c/c
Hence Safe
d = √3155.6 𝑥 103
√1000 𝑥 1.5
= (3 x 4 + 5)
= 12 +4 = 16cm
Available d = 160 – 31
= 109 mm
25
= 295.12 mm2 ~ 295 mm2
= 270 mm c/c
= 360 mm = 0.36m
= 480 mm2
No additional reinforcement will be provided at the inner face, since the Vertical
steel for cantilever
= 50.25 / 480
= 210 mm
26
∴ Provide Distribution reinforcement of 8 mm dia bars @ 210 mm c/c spacing.
= 360 mm
= 0.36m
400mm c/c spacing clear cover 25 mm. Distribution reinforcement of 0.3 % Ast
= (0.3 /100) x 160 x 1000
= 480 mm2
No additional reinforcement will be provided at the inner face, since the Vertical
steel for cantilever
BASE SLAB:
27
P = 35 kN / m2
= (1/16) x P x a2
= (1/16) x 35 x (8.125/2)2
= 36.10 kN m
= ½ x 35.6 x (8.125 / 2)
= 72.31 kN.m
(Mr)c = (2/16) x P x a2
= (2/16) x 35 x (8.125/2)2
= 58.72 kN m
Radial Moment is zero at radius given by ,
Mr =0
r = a / 2√3
= 8.125 / 2√3
28
∴r = 2.34 m
d = 227 mm
= 264.5 mm
Say 270 mm
Spacing:
∴ Provide 25 mm dia radial bars @ 190 mm c/c from edge to the distance 1.08
m.
29
CHECK FOR SHEAR:
Pr = 58.72
𝛕V = Pr/ b x d
= 0.256
=100 Ast / b x d
= 1.15
𝛕c = 0.64 -------
𝛕v<𝛕c
30
5.4 DESIGN OF BEAM:
Square beam
Size = 300x300
W = 8.25KN/M
DESIGN
Effective depth
d = 300-50
= 250mm
LOAD CALCULATION:
= 2.25KN/M
= 10.5KN/M
= 15.75KN/M
31
MOMENT CALCULATION:
Mu = WL2/8
= 15.75X32/8
= 17.17KNM
Mub = 0.138fckbd2
= 0.138x20x300x3002
Mu = 74.52x106KN
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS:
74.52x106 =0.87x415Xastx300(1-415AST/20X300X250)
74.52X106 =90.26X103AST-24.97AST2
AST = 1276.14mm2
No of bars = AST/ast
= 1276.14/384.65
= 3.32
Say 4nos
32
SHEAR REINFORCEMRNT:
Vu = WL2/2
= 15.75X3/2
= 23.55KN
𝛕V = Vu/bd
= 23.55x103/300x250
= 0.314N/mm2
Pt = 100AST/bd
= 100x1276.14/300x250
= 1.70%
𝛕c = 0.72N/mm
Hence 𝛕c <𝛕V
The section is safe in shear yet minimum shear reinforcement is provided for
beam S𝑆𝑢 = 0.87 fyAsv/0.4 b
= 0.87x415x2x50.3/0.4x300
= 302mm
Size = 300x650
33
Self weight of (roof + floor) slab = 5.25 KN
W = 8.25KN/M
DESIGN
Effective depth
D = 600mm
LOAD CALCULATION
MOMENT CALCULATION
Mu = WL2/8
= 15.75X32/8
= 17.17 kN m
Mub = 0.138fckbd2
= 0.138x20x300x6002
34
MU = 298.08x106kN m
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS:
= 286.22mm
No of bars = Ast/ast
= 1715 /285
= 6.01 nos
SHEAR REINFORCEMRNT:
Vu = WL/2
= (15.75x3) /2
= 23.55KN
𝛕V = Vu/bd
= 23.55x103/300x600
35
= 0.13 N/mm2
Pt = 100Ast/bd
= 100x1715/300x600
= 0.95 %
𝛕c = 0.8 N/mm2
Hence 𝛕c < 𝛕V
The section is safe in shear yet minimum shear reinforcement is provided for beam
= 0.87x415x2x50.3/0.4x300
= 302mm
36
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
37
5.6 DEISGN OF COLUMN:
(since the total load on column is p =96.56 kN ,we design the column for the max.
load of 1000kN for more obtaining more serviceability)
= 1500 KN
P = 0.4fckAc + 0.67fyAsc
= 0.4fck(Ag-Asc) + 0.67fyAsc
Ag = 300 x 300
= 90000 Nm2
38
Asc = 780 x 103/270.05
= 2888.33 mm2
Ac = Ag – Asc
= 9000 – 2888.33
= 87.11 x 103
Lateral ties:
i. 22\4 = 5.5 mm
iii. 300 mm
39
5.7 DESIGN OF FOOTING:
(since the load axial load on the footing is 96.56 kN we choose the max. load of 1000
kN for the obtaining more serviceability)
= 5.5 m
40
X = 0.604m
= 1.814 m
= (1000/2 x 3)
Hence it is safe.
= 250.5 KN/m2
= 0.2505 N/mm2
Factored moments:
= 1.25m
= 0.5 (2-0.5)
= 0.85 m
= (0.5PuL2)
41
= (0.5 x 250.5 x 1.252)
= 90.5 KNm
42
DEPTH OF FOOTING:
Mu = 0.138fckba2
D = √𝑀𝑢 / (0.138𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑏)
From shear,
The critical section for one way shear is located at a distance from the face of the
column.
Vu = 0.2505 x 103(1250 – d)
Te = 0.36 N/mm2
P1 = 0.25
Tc = (Vu/ bd)
D = 513 mm
43
Footing reinforcement:
Longer direction ,
Mu = 0.87fyAstd[1-Astfy/bdfck]
Ast = 1257mm2
Shorter direction:
Ast = 468mm2
= 1.5
= [2/1.5+1](2 x 468)
= 749mm
Ast = 754mm2
44
CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS:
The critical section for one way shear is located at distance ‘d’ from the face of the
column,
= 176 KN
= 0.228
= (1 x 0.33)
= 0.33 N/mm2
= 0.32 N/mm2
The critical section for two-way shear is located at a distance of 0.5d from the face
of column,
= 1280 KN
45
Periphery of the critical section,
Bo = 2(1.05+0.85)
= 3.8m
Tu = [Vu/bd]
= 0.612 N/mm2
Tc = 0.16fck
Pc = (0.3/0.5)
= 0.6
Ks = (0.5 + 0.6)
= 1.1
Limited = 1
Tc = 0.6√20
= 0.715 N/mm2
Ks x Tc = (1 x 0.175)
= 0.715 N/mm2
46
47
CHAPTER VI
DETAILED ESTIMATE
Estimate Cost : RS
7,20,000 /-
48
m3
3 Earth Filling upto
Basement Height,
Using Grusher Dust Qty 7.00
as per Item No:2b
0
Sundries
7.00
m3
4 P.C.C 1:5:10 using
40mm HBG stone
Jelly for foundation and
flooring watered
complying with standard
specifications.
a.Foundation: Qty .as 3.00
per Item No: 2a
b.Flooring : Qty .as 7.00
per Item No: 2b
Sundries 0
10.00
m3
10 Provision for
Electrification
arrangements. -----
-----
50
L.S
------
-----
Say as Rs 7,20,000/-
( Rupees Seven Lakhs and twenty thousand Only )
51
52
CHAPTER VII
ABSTRACT ESTIMATE
Estimate Cost : RS
7,20,000 /-
53
m3 m3
3 Earth Filling upto
Basement Height,
Using Grusher Dust Qty 7.00
as per Item No:2b
0
Sundries
7.00 550 3,850
m3 m3
4 P.C.C 1:5:10 using
40mm HBG stone
Jelly for foundation and
flooring watered
complying with standard
specifications.
a.Foundation: Qty .as 3.00
per Item No: 2a
b.Flooring : Qty .as 7.00
per Item No: 2b
Sundries 0
10.00 1000 10,000
m3 m3
54
56.00 m3 of concrete x 5600 48 268800
100kg / m3
kg kg
7 Supplying and erection
of Shuttering
for R.C.C works such as
lintel,
columns,sunshade, roof
slab etc.,
complete.
Column Mat 4 1.092
Column 4 10.98
Post
Grade 1 5.70
beam
brace 2 9
grit beam 1 9.75
roof slab 2 6.28
wall alround 1 37.69
Sundries 0.51
81 350 28350
m2 m2
8 Wall Plastering in CM
1:4,using 12mm,
thick for exterior and
20mm thick for
interior for walls.
695.65
= 80/0.23 X 2
0.30
Sundries
696 250 174000
m2 m2
LUMPSUM
PROVISIONS
10 Provision for
Electrification
arrangements. 10,000
55
arrangements. 10,000
TOTAL 7,20,000
Say as Rs 7,20,000/-
( Rupees Seven Lakhs and twenty thousand Only )
56
57
CHAPTER VIII
CONCLUSION
The objective of the project was to design a circular overhead tank for a village
panchayat and the same was achieved as listed as follows
Illupur was chosen as the location and population was estimated for
the panchayat. Based on the estimated population and prevailing
water demand, the quantity of water to be supplied and stored in the
tank was computed.
The plan and other drawings for the circular overhead water tank
was prepared using AutoCAD 2D software
Based on the design data, the overhead circular tank was designed
manually.
The design would satisfy the safety and economy norms and can be
used for any village panchayat with similar population.
58
59
CHAPTER IX
REFERENCES
CODE BOOKS
IS 456-2000 CODE FOR PLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE
IS 3370-1965 CODE FOR CONCRETE STRUCTURES FOR
STORAGE OF LIQUIDS
IS 11682 – 1985 CODE FOR RCC STAGING OF STRUCTURES
60