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    Week 6 - Syntax Exercises 2 (Answer Key)

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    ashwani kumar
    This document provides exercises on parts of speech, syntax, and phrase structure. It introduces key lexical categories like nouns, verbs, adjectives. It then covers phrases like determiner phrases, noun phrases, adjective phrases, prepositional phrases, verb phrases, and inflectional phrases. Examples are given for each. Finally, it distinguishes between complements and adjuncts in phrases.

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    Week 6 - Syntax Exercises 2 (Answer Key)

    Uploaded by

    ashwani kumar
    2K views9 pages
    This document provides exercises on parts of speech, syntax, and phrase structure. It introduces key lexical categories like nouns, verbs, adjectives. It then covers phrases like determiner phrases, noun phrases, adjective phrases, prepositional phrases, verb phrases, and inflectional phrases. Examples are given for each. Finally, it distinguishes between complements and adjuncts in phrases.

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    This document provides exercises on parts of speech, syntax, and phrase structure. It introduces key lexical categories like nouns, verbs, adjectives. It then covers phrases like determiner phrases, noun phrases, adjective phrases, prepositional phrases, verb phrases, and inflectional phrases. Examples are given for each. Finally, it distinguishes between complements and adjuncts in phrases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2K views9 pages

    Week 6 - Syntax Exercises 2 (Answer Key)

    Uploaded by

    ashwani kumar
    This document provides exercises on parts of speech, syntax, and phrase structure. It introduces key lexical categories like nouns, verbs, adjectives. It then covers phrases like determiner phrases, noun phrases, adjective phrases, prepositional phrases, verb phrases, and inflectional phrases. Examples are given for each. Finally, it distinguishes between complements and adjuncts in phrases.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Syntax WS

    Part I. Parts of Speech


    Exercise 1. Underline the words that are within the lexical class (i.e., the part of speech)
    of each box. Then provide an example of your own.
    Example. VERB: We walked under the tree. EXAMPLE: jog

    1. Noun Example

    I rode the bus yesterday. cat

    2. Verb Example

    I took my time at the bank. drove

    3. Adjective Example

    The old and yellowed pages fell out of the textbook. orange, cute

    4. Preposition Example

    We built our tree house in the tree. on, around, by

    5. Determiner Example

    I couldn’t understand that lecture. that, a, our, their

    6. Auxiliary Example

    We could think of no other option. would, should

    7. Pronoun Example

    I gave them the keys. Her, me, us

    Exercise 2. Label the lexical class of each word in the following sentences.
    Example: We walked in the park.
    we walked in the park
    N V Prep Det N
    A. That man wears sweaters with stripes.
    That man wears sweaters with stripes

    Det N V N Prep N

    B. My friend eats a small snack in the park at lunch.


    My friend eats a small snack in the park at lunch

    Det N V Det Adj N Prep Det N Prep N

    C. The customer handed the cashier her money.


    The customer handed the cashier her money

    Det N V Det N Det N

    Part II. Syntax


    Exercise 1. As we go through the following chart, fill in the blanks as necessary and
    provide examples of each type of phrase.

    Phrases Examples

    a. DP: Determiner phrase


    Contains a determiner (e.g., the, a, our, his, etc.) and a
    noun phrase a pink flamingo,

    Ex/ ‘the school’, ‘her green cat’

    b. NP: Noun Phrase


    Contains a noun and is always part of a DP
    Can be modified by adjective phrases
    old tree, science
    Ex/ ‘spoiled milk’, ‘extremely fast squirrel’
    c. AP: Adjective Phrase
    Contains an adjective and is always nested within an
    NP
    Can be modified by an adverb talented, extremely small

    Ex/ ‘happy’, ‘really excited’

    d. PP: Preposition Phrase


    Contains a preposition and a DP
    near that cute mouse, for my health
    Ex/ ‘into the car’, ‘with my dog’

    e. VP: Verb Phrase


    Contains a verb and optionally a DP (as a direct object
    or indirect object)
    Can also be modified by a PP
    write a play
    Ex/ ‘catch the ball’, ‘sing in the shower’ plant a succulent in the garden

    e. IP: Inflectional Phrase


    The ‘sentence’ level
    Contains an inflectional unit (tense or auxiliary), a
    subject (DP), and a predicate (VP) We hopped around the yard.
    I worked on the syntax assignment.
    Ex/ ‘She saw [PST] the llama’, ‘I shouldn’t [AUX] eat that
    pie’

    Exercise II. Given the following phrase structure rules, draw an appropriate syntactic
    tree.
    A. Determiner Phrase (DP): DP→ (Det) (PP) (NP)
    Example. The bus
    1. Our car 2. Those trees

    Adjective Phrase (AP) AP → (Adv) A

    Example. The extremely careful artist 2. My really smart friend

    Prepositional Phrase (PP) PP→ P (DP)


    Example. Some of my friends 1. Three of our books

    2. On the road 4. Beside a turtle


    B. Verb Phrases (VP) → V (NP) (PP) (CP)

    Example. Sing the song 1. Type the notes


    2. Ride the train 3. Take your time

    D. Inflectional Phrases (IP) IP →I VP


    Example. Could go to the store 1. Would swim in the pool

    Tensed Inflectional Phrase (IP) IP→I VP

    Example. The teacher knows 1. The children stayed


    Exercise III. Complements vs. Adjuncts

    • Complements: necessary as part of a phrase (e.g., ‘saw the tree’)

    • Adjuncts: add additional information (e.g., ‘saw the tree in the park’)

    Underline the adjuncts and circle the complements in the following phrases.

    1. the use of computers in schools

    2. my really smart friend plays soccer after school

    3. called my mom in the morning

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