Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory (18ELE17/27)

B M S Institute of Technology & Management

Yelahanka, Bengaluru-64

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

I/II SEMESTER

Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory

(18ELEL 17/27)

LABORATORY MANUAL

Prepared By:

Prof. Prashanth N A
Prof. Nagaraj D C
Prof. Manjunath Babu P HOD, EEE

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Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory (18ELE17/27)

Vision of the Department

To emerge as one of the finest Electrical & Electronics Engineering Departments

facilitating the development of competent professionals, contributing to the betterment of society.

Mission of the Department

Create a motivating environment for learning Electrical Sciences through teaching,

research, effective use of state of the art facilities and outreach activities.

Course Outcomes:
After the completion of the course the students will be able to

CO1 Measure basic circuit parameters using suitable methods.

Verify the relationship amongst the circuit parameters in single phase and three phase
CO2
circuits.

CO-PO Mapping:
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 3 2
CO2 3 2
Cii 3 2

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Graduates of the program of Electrical and Electronics Engineering will,

Have successful professional careers in Electrical Sciences, and Information
PEO1*
Technology enabled areas and be able to pursue higher education.
Demonstrate ability to work in multidisciplinary teams and engage in lifelong
PEO2
learning.
PEO3 Exhibit concern for environment and sustainable development.
* Program Educational Objectives

After the successful completion of the Program, the graduate will be able to,

Apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering principles to the

PO1**
solution of engineering problems in electrical and IT enabled areas.
Identify and solve complex engineering problems using first principles of
PO2
mathematics and engineering sciences.
Design system components and solve complex engineering problems that meet
PO3
specific societal and environmental needs.
PO4 Conduct experiments, analyse, and interpret data to provide valid conclusion
Apply appropriate modern engineering tools to complex engineering activities
PO5
with an understanding of the limitations.
Demonstrate understanding of societal health, safety, legal and consequent
PO6
responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
Understand the impact of engineering solutions in a societal context and
PO7
demonstrate the knowledge of and need for sustainable development.
Understand social issues and ethical principles of electrical engineering
PO8
practice.
Function effectively as an individual and as a member or leader in diverse
PO9
teams to accomplish a common goal.
Communicate effectively with diverse audiences and be able to prepare
PO10
effective reports and design documentation.
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of engineering and management
PO11 principles and apply these as a member and leader in a team to manage projects
in multi-disciplinary environments.
Recognize the need to engage in independent and lifelong learning in the
PO12
context of technological change.
** Program Outcomes

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Instruction to Students
The students are informed to note the following and abide by:
1. Khaki uniform is mandatory for laboratory classes. (Half sleeve shirts
tucked inside the pant)
2. Good qualities shoes (preferably leather shoes) are mandatory.
3. Regularity and Punctuality should be maintained.
4. Students should come prepared for the laboratory sessions and
observation books are to be maintained neatly and up to date .
5. Students should write their Names, USN& sign while taking the
apparatus.
6. Prior permission from the teaching staff is required before making circuit
connection.
7. Power supply is to be Switched ON only after the connections are
checked by the Staff / Instructor.
8. When power supply is on students are not supposed to touch the circuit
connection/terminals on panel board.
9. Any metallic ornaments like bracelets, bangles, rings, chains, metallic
loose wrist watches should be avoided during the conduction of
experiment.
10. After completion of conducting the experiment, students should Switch
OFF the power supply and then remove the circuit connection.
Calculation and graph are to be completed within the permitted time.
11. The completed lab record should be submitted in every subsequent
laboratory sessions.
12. Internal Marks allocation (Max 40)
(Regular Conduction 20Marks, Final Lab Internals: 20Marks)
13. Students’ not satisfying 85% attendance will be detained under NSAR
case.

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GUIDE LINES FOR THE EXPERIMENTS AND REPORT PREPARATION

1. Preparation for the experiment: Before conducting the experiment, the student is required to have
read the experiment background and procedure from the experiment manual and studied the
related theory. The lab instructor may, during the experiment, ask students questions pertaining to
the procedure and theory. The lab instructor may give negative points to and even prevent an
unprepared student from conducting the experiment. Tardy students may not be allowed to
perform the experiment.
2. Laboratory teams: The class will be divided in teams of three or four students. The composition of
the teams (which students will team up) is decision of Lab Instructor. Each lab experiment
requires a report. The lab reports are due on the next lab meeting. The lab report for the final
experiment is due a week after the final lab meeting. Each student submits one report per
experiment (unless otherwise required) in the record. The grade of the report is given to all
members of the team. Late reports are penalized by taking few points off per each day past the due
date of the report. The other grade components of the experiments are given to the students
individually. If a student misses or is dismissed from an experiment, the grade of that student shall
be zero for that experiment.
3. Preparation of the report: The report must be produced in the lab Records of the Institute. Tables
showing data or results, as well as figures and graphs should be produced. Include captions and
titles for figures, graphs and tables as well as numbers for equations. The preferred language style
is the use of the present tense and third person. The report must contain the following sections:
• Cover page: Include number and title of the experiment, date the experiment was
performed and the names of the team members.
• Objective: Give a short description of the purpose of the experiment.
• Theoretical background: Give a brief description of the relevant theory.
• The experimental procedure: Summarize what was done for each experiment procedure.
Do not copy or repeat the description from the lab manual. Report the measurement and
other experimental data. Tabulate measurements if necessary. Include table number and
title over tables.
• Analysis of experimental data: Analyze the data. Compare with theoretical results. Label
axis. Show units. Add remarks and calculations on each procedure if necessary.
Conclusions: Summarize the experiment and the results. Discuss the factual knowledge
gained.

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List of Experiments:

Sl. Page
Name of the Experiment
No. No.

1 Verification Of Kirchhoff’s Voltage And Current Law 7

Measurement Of 3 Phase Power By Two Wattmeter

2 9
Method
3 Three – Phase Star / Delta Connections 11

4 Two Way And Three Way Control Of Lamps 14

Effect Of Open Circuit And Short Circuit In Simple

5 16
Circuits
Measurement Of Resistance And Inductance Of A Choke
6 18
Coil
Measurement Of Current, Power And Power Factor Of
7 20
Lamps
8 Measurement of Earth Resistance 22

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Experiment - 1
VERIFICATION OF KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE AND CURRENT LAW

AIM: To verify Kirchhoff’s Current law and Kirchhoff’s Voltage law

Apparatus Required:

Sl. No Particular Range Quantity

1 Regulated Power 0-30V, 2A 01
Supply
2 Volmeter 0-30V 03
3 Ammeter 0-2A 03
4 Rheostat 50Ω / 2A, 100Ω / 01 each
2A, 150Ω / 2A
5 Connecting wires -- Few

THEORY: (Detailed Theory to be included referring Text Book)

VERIFICATION OF KCL:
Circuit diagram

Tabular column:

Sl. No. RPS Voltage I1 (A) I2 (A) I3 (A) I1= I2+ I3

in volts
1 10
2 15
3 20
4 25
5 30

Verification: I1= I2+ I3, if satisfied, KCL is verified.

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VERIFICATION OF KVL:
Circuit diagram

TABULAR COLUMN:

Sl. No. RPS Voltage V1 V2 V3 V= V1+ V2+ V3

in volts(V) in volts in volts in volts
1 10
2 15
3 20
4 25
5 30

Verification: V= V1 + V2 + V3, if satisfied, KVL is verified.

PROCEDURE:-

1. Make the connections as given in the circuit diagram.

2. Initially keep the voltage control knob in the minimum position and current knob in the maximum
position.
3. Switch ON the power supply. Increase the voltage in uniform steps such as to cover wide range
as possible in the meters.
4. Note down meter readings in the tabular column.
5. Repeat the same by varying Rheostats position.
6. Repeat the same for different voltages by varying power supply.

RESULT:

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Experiment 2
MEASUREMENT OF 3 PHASE POWER BY TWO WATTMETER METHOD

Aim: To measure Three phase power by using Two Wattmeter method.

Apparatus Required:

Sl. No Apparatus Range Quantity

1 Wattmeter 0-600V/10A UPF 02
2 Ammeter (MI) 0-10A 01
3 Voltmeter (MI) 0-600V 01
4 Three Phase Load 0-10A 01
5 Connecting wires -- Few

Circuit Diagram:

Theory: Detailed Theory to be included referring Text Book.

Procedure:

1. Make the connections as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Ensure all the load switches are if OFF position before turning on the supply.
3. Switch ON the supply.
4. Turn ON the load in steps and at each step note down the meter readings until the current reaches
the rated value.
5. Turn OFF all the load switches in steps and switch OFF the supply.

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Tabular Column:-
Sl. VL I W1 W2 W= W1+ W2 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜱 Calculated
No. Watts
√𝟑 VL IL 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝛷

Calculation:-

Total Power = P = (W1 + W2) Watts.

Power Factor

√𝟑(𝑾𝟏−𝑾𝟐)
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜱 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 [𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( )]
𝑾𝟏+𝑾𝟐

Result:

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Experiment 3
THREE – PHASE STAR / DELTA CONNECTIONS

Aim : To determine phase and line quantities in three phase star and delta connected load.

Apparatus Required:
Sl. No Apparatus Range Quantity
1 Autotransformer 0-415V 01
2 Ammeter (MI) 0-2A 02
3 Voltmeter (MI) 0-600V 02
4 Three Phase Load --- 01
5 Connecting wires -- Few

Circuit Diagram:

A) STAR CONNECTION

B) DELTA CONNECTION

Theory: Detailed Theory to be included referring Text Book

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Procedure :

1. Make the connections as given in the circuit diagram with auto transformer and meters.
2. Make Star connection in 3Φ Resistive load Bank
3. Initially keep the auto transformer at minimum position.
4. Switch ON the MCB. Slowly vary the auto transformer and set the voltage at 50Volts.
5. Switch ON Load in all 3 phases and note down meter readings.
6. Repeat the same for 2, 3, 4 and all 5 switches ON and note down the readings.
7. Now vary the input voltage to full voltage in steps and Repeat the experiment for different load
current.
8. Repeat the above procedure for Load Connected in Delta fashion.

Calculations: Star Connection

OBSERVATIONS:

Practical Analytical
Sl. No VL V Ph IL I Ph VL V Ph IL I Ph
volts volts Amps Amps volts volts Amps Amps
1
2
3
4

CALCULATION:
Vph
IL= IPh = …………. Amps Iph = = ……………….. Amp.
Rph
VL = ………. Volts , VPh = VL / √3 = ………………..=……….volts

Delta Connection
OBSERVATIONS:

Practical Analytical

Sl. No VL V Ph IL I Ph VL V Ph IL I Ph
volts volts Amps Amps volts volts Amps Amps
1

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CALCULATION:

Vph
VL = VPh = ………………..volts Iph = R = ……………….. Amp.
ph
00000

IL = √3IPh = …………….. = ……………… Amp.

Results:

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Experiment 4
TWO WAY AND THREE WAY CONTROL OF LAMPS

Aim : To execute the control of lamp using Two way and Three way switches

Apparatus Required

Sl. No Apparatus Quantity

1 Two Way Switch 02
2 Intermediate Switch 01
3 Lamp 01
4 Connecting Wires Few

Circuit Diagram:

Two Way Control

Three Way Control

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Theory: Detailed Theory to be included referring Text Book.

Procedure:

1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Switch ON the supply source.
3. For all the positions of the Switches S1 and S2 mentioned in Truth Tables observe and note the
Lamp condition and note the traced path.
4. Switch OFF the supply.

Observations:

Truth Table:
Two Way Control

Sl. No Switch S1 Switch S2 Condition of Path Traced

Lamp
1 A C
2 A D
3 B D
4 B C

Three Way Control

Switch S1 Switch S2 Switch S3 Condition Path Traced

Sl. No
of Lamp
1 A C EF, GH
2 A D EF, GH
3 B D EF, GH
4 B C EF, GH
5 B C EH, GF
6 B D EH, GF
7 A D EH, GF
8 A C EH, GF

Conclusion:

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Experiment 5
EFFECT OF OPEN CIRCUIT AND SHORT CIRCUIT IN SIMPLE CIRCUITS

Aim: To study the effect of open circuit and short circuit in the simple circuit

Apparatus Required:

Sl. No Apparatus Range Quantity

Single Phase 0-300V, 10A 01
1
Autotransformer
2 Voltmeter (MI) 0-300V 01
3 Ammeter (MI) 0-10A 01
4 SPST Switches 0-10A 01
5 Connecting wires -- Few

Circuit Diagram:

Open Circuit

Short Circuit

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Theory: Detailed Theory to be included referring Text Book.

Procedure:

Open Circuit

1. Make the connections as shown in the circuit diagram (Open Circuit).

2. Keep Switches S1 and S2 open.
3. Switch ON the supply.
4. Note down the meter readings.
5. Switch OFF the supply.

Short Circuit

1. Make the connections as shown in the circuit diagram (Short Circuit).

2. Keep Switches S1 and S2 open.
3. Switch ON the supply.
4. Close the Switch S1 and keep Switch S2 Open.
5. Note the readings of all the meters.
6. Close the Switch S2 and note down the reading of all the meters.
7. Switch OFF the supply.

Observations:

Open Circuit

Sl. No Voltage (V) Current (A)

Short Circuit

Voltage (V) Current (A)

S1 Closed, S2 Open
S1 Closed, S2 Closed

Conclusion:

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Experiment 6
MEASUREMENT OF RESISTANCE AND INDUCTANCE OF A CHOKE COIL

Aim: To Measure Resistance and Inductance of a Choke Coil using Three Voltmeter Method.

Apparatus Required

Sl. No Apparatus Range Quantity

1 Choke Coil -- 01
2 Voltmeters (MI) 0-300V 03
3 Rheostat 0-220Ω 01
4 Connecting wires -- Few
5 Ammeters 0-5A 01

Circuit Diagram:

Theory: Detailed Theory to be included referring Text Book.

Procedure:

1. Make the connections as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Switch ON the supply.
3. Apply input voltage by varying the autotransformer of value say 100V.
4. Note the readings of all the meters.
5. Repeat the above procedure for two more voltages.
6. The inductance of the coil is taken as the average of the two inductance values obtained.
7. Bring back the autotransformer to its minimum position and switch OFF the supply.
8. Repeat the procedure from step-2 to step-4 for 50% tapping in Choke.
9. Measure the resistance(R) of external rheostat using multimeter.

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Observations:

Sl. No V1 (V) V2 (V) V3 (V) I (A) COSθ R (Ω) L (H) rL(Ω)

1 L1= rL1=
Half Length

2 L2= rL2=
Full Length

V1
IXL

V2 Ir

𝑉12− 𝑉22− 𝑉32 𝑉2 𝑉3

COS 𝜃 = 𝐼= Z=
2𝑉2𝑉3 𝑅 𝐼

Where Z is impedance of choke coil

Choke Coil Resistance r = Z Cos 𝜃

Choke Coil of Reactance 𝑋𝑙 = Z sin 𝜃

𝐿 𝑋
Inductance of Choke Coil L = 2𝛱𝑓
L = ………………. H

Conclusion:

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Experiment 7
MEASUREMENT OF CURRENT, POWER AND POWER FACTOR OF LAMPS

Aim: To measure current, Power and Power Factor of Incandescent Lamp, Fluorescent Lamp and
LED Lamp.

Apparatus Required:

Sl. No Apparatus Range Quantity

1 Voltmeter (MI) 0-300V 01
2 Ammeter (MI) 0-1A 01
3 Wattmeter 0-300V, 1A, UPF 01
4 Lamps -- 01 Incandescent
01 Fluorescent
01 LED
5 Connecting wires -- Few

Circuit Diagram:

Connection Diagram

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Theory: Detailed Theory to be included referring Text Book.

Procedure:

1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram (connect incandescent lamp).
2. Switch on the supply.
3. Observe and note the readings of all the meters.
4. Switch OFF the supply.
5. Repeat the above procedure for Fluorescent lamp and LED lamp.

Observation:

Sl. No Lamp Voltage Current Power Power Factor

V (V) I(A) P (W) CosΦ=P/(V.I)
1 Incandescent
2 Fluorescent
3 LED

Conclusion:

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Experiment 8
MEASUREMENT OF EARTH RESISTANCE

Aim: To measure earth resistance of an installation with the help of an earth tester.

Apparatus Required:

Sl. No. Name of the Apparatus Range Quantity

1 Earth Tester - 1
2 Spikes - 3
3 Connecting wires - Few

Connection Diagram:

Theory:

All the electrical installations and appliances should be earthed properly for ensuring human
safety. A separate wire, known as earth wire runs along the supply line and is ultimate connected to the
ground through an earth electrode, The total resistance of the earthing system should be small so that in
the event of any fault, the fault current is sufficiently high to blow off the fuse. The earth resistance is the
resistance offered by the soil and the electrode to the flow of earth leakage current which will flow in case
of earth fault only.

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The earth tester is a special type of ohmmeter which sends ac through earth and dc through the
measuring instruments as shown in fig. the direction of flow of current in the ground keeps on alternating
due to current reverse whereas current directions in the two reverser and potential reverser are mounted
on the main shaft of hand driven dc generator.
The working principle of an earth tester is identical to that of megger. There are two moving coil
viz. potential and current coil which are deflected in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet. The hand
driven generator or a set of batteries supply power to these coils. It has got four terminals P1, E1, P2 and
E2. Terminals P1 and E1 are shorted to form a common point which is connected to the earth electrode
under test. The other two terminals E2 and P2 are connected to the auxiliary electrode A and B
respectively. The value of earth resistance is indicated directly on the scale when the test button is
pressed.
The value of earth resistance depends upon the soil condition and its moisture contents. In hilly areas
the earth resistance is higher if electrodes are not place properly in contact with the earth. Water content
in the soil decreased the earth resistance. The normal value of earth resistance should lie between 1 to 2Ω.

Procedure:

1. Connections are made as shown in the connection diagram.

2. Switch on the earth tester.
3. Adjust the resistance range button between 10Ω to 1000Ω and select suitable range.
4. Change the position of electrode B by 1m on the either side and observe the earth resistance by
pressing the test button.
5. Take the mean of observations of earth resistance.

Observations:

Sl. No Earth Resisance Mean Value, R=( R1+ R2+ R3)/3

(Ω) (Ω)
1 R1 =
2 R2 = R=
3 R3 =

Conclusion:

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