Python Arithmetic Operators

Operator Description Example

+ Addition Adds values on either side of the a + b = 31

operator.

- Subtraction Subtracts right hand operand from left a – b = -11

hand operand.

* Multiplies values on either side of the a * b = 210

Multiplication operator

/ Division Divides left hand operand by right hand b / a = 2.1

operand

% Modulus Divides left hand operand by right hand b%a=1

operand and returns remainder

** Exponent Performs exponential (power) a**b =10 to

calculation on operators the power
20

// Floor Division - The division of 9//2 = 4 and

operands where the result is the 9.0//2.0 =
quotient in which the digits after the 4.0, -11//3 =
decimal point are removed. But if one of -4, -11.0//3
the operands is negative, the result is = -4.0
floored, i.e., rounded away from zero
(towards negative infinity):
Python Arithmetic Operators examples
a = 21
b = 10
c=0

c=a+b
print ("Line 1 - Value of c is ", c)

c=a-b
print ("Line 2 - Value of c is ", c )

c=a*b
print ("Line 3 - Value of c is ", c)

c=a/b
print ("Line 4 - Value of c is ", c )

c=a%b
print ("Line 5 - Value of c is ", c)

a=2
b=3
c = a**b
print ("Line 6 - Value of c is ", c)

a = 10
b=5
c = a//b
print ("Line 7 - Value of c is ", c)

Python Comparison Operators

Operator Description Example
 == If the values of two operands are equal, then (a == b) is
the condition becomes true. not true.

!= If values of two operands are not equal, then (a!= b) is

condition becomes true. true.

> If the value of left operand is greater than the (a > b) is

value of right operand, then condition not true.
becomes true.

< If the value of left operand is less than the (a < b) is

value of right operand, then condition true.
becomes true.

>= If the value of left operand is greater than or (a >= b) is

equal to the value of right operand, then not true.
condition becomes true.

<= If the value of left operand is less than or (a <= b) is

equal to the value of right operand, then true.
condition becomes true.

a = 21
b = 10

if ( a == b ):
print ("Line 1 - a is equal to b")
else:
print ("Line 1 - a is not equal to b")

if ( a != b ):
 print ("Line 2 - a is not equal to b")
else:
print ("Line 2 - a is equal to b")

if ( a < b ):
print ("Line 3 - a is less than b" )
else:
print ("Line 3 - a is not less than b")

if ( a > b ):
print ("Line 4 - a is greater than b")
else:
print ("Line 4 - a is not greater than b")

a,b = b,a #values of a and b swapped. a becomes 10, b becomes 21

if ( a <= b ):
print ("Line 5 - a is either less than or equal to b")
else:
print ("Line 5 - a is neither less than nor equal to b")

if ( b >= a ):
print ("Line 6 - b is either greater than or equal to b")
else:
print ("Line 6 - b is neither greater than nor equal to b")

Python Assignment Operators

Operator Description Example

= Assigns values from right side c = a + b assigns value
operands to left side operand of a + b into c

+= Add AND It adds right operand to the c += a is equivalent to

left operand and assign the c=c+a
result to left operand

-= Subtract AND It subtracts right operand c -= a is equivalent to

from the left operand and c=c-a
assign the result to left
operand

*= Multiply AND It multiplies right operand c *= a is equivalent to

with the left operand and c=c*a
assign the result to left
operand

/= Divide AND It divides left operand with c /= a is equivalent to

the right operand and assign c = c / ac /= a is
the result to left operand equivalent to c = c / a

%= Modulus It takes modulus using two c %= a is equivalent

AND operands and assign the to c = c % a
result to left operand

**= Exponent Performs exponential c **= a is equivalent

AND (power) calculation on to c = c ** a
operators and assign value to
the left operand

//= Floor It performs floor division on c //= a is equivalent

Division operators and assign value to to c = c // a
the left operand
a = 21
b = 10
c=0

c=a+b
print ("Line 1 - Value of c is ", c)

c += a
print ("Line 2 - Value of c is ", c )

c *= a
print ("Line 3 - Value of c is ", c )

c /= a
print ("Line 4 - Value of c is ", c )

c =2
c %= a
print ("Line 5 - Value of c is ", c)

c **= a
print ("Line 6 - Value of c is ", c)

c //= a
print ("Line 7 - Value of c is ", c)

Python Bitwise Operators

Operator Description Example

 & Binary AND Operator copies a bit, to (a & b) (means
the result, if it exists in 0000 1100)
both operands

| Binary OR It copies a bit, if it exists in (a | b) = 61

either operand. (means 0011
1101)

^ Binary XOR It copies the bit, if it is set (a ^ b) = 49

in one operand but not (means 0011
both. 0001)

~ Binary Ones (~a ) = -61

Complement (means 1100
It is unary and has the 0011 in 2's
effect of 'flipping' bits. complement form
due to a signed
binary number.

<< Binary Left Shift The left operand's value is a << 2 = 240
moved left by the number (means 1111
of bits specified by the 0000)
right operand.

>> Binary Right Shift The left operand's value is a >> 2 = 15

moved right by the number (means 0000
of bits specified by the 1111)
right operand.

a = 60 # 60 = 0011 1100
b = 13 # 13 = 0000 1101
print ('a=',a,':',bin(a),'b=',b,':',bin(b))
c=0
c = a & b; # 12 = 0000 1100
print ("result of AND is ", c,':',bin(c))

c = a | b; # 61 = 0011 1101
print ("result of OR is ", c,':',bin(c))

c = a ^ b; # 49 = 0011 0001
print ("result of EXOR is ", c,':',bin(c))

c = ~a; # -61 = 1100 0011

print ("result of COMPLEMENT is ", c,':',bin(c))

c = a << 2; # 240 = 1111 0000

print ("result of LEFT SHIFT is ", c,':',bin(c))

c = a >> 2; # 15 = 0000 1111

print ("result of RIGHT SHIFT is ", c,':',bin(c))

Python Logical Operators

Operator Description Example

and Logical If both the operands are true then condition (a and
AND becomes true. b) is
False.

or Logical OR If any of the two operands are non-zero then (a or b)

condition becomes true. is True.
not Logical Used to reverse the logical state of its operand. Not(a
NOT and b) is
True.

Python Logical Operators example

a = True
b = False
print(('a and b is',a and b))
print(('a or b is',a or b))
print(('not a is',not a))

Python Membership Operators

Operator Description Example

in Evaluates to true if it finds a variable x in y, here in

in the specified sequence and false results in a 1 if x is
otherwise. a member of
sequence y.

not in Evaluates to true if it does not finds a x not in y, here not

variable in the specified sequence and in results in a 1 if x
false otherwise. is not a member of
sequence y.
Python Membership Operators

x=4
y=8
list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ];
if ( x in list ):
print("Line 1 - x is available in the given list")
else:
print("Line 1 - x is not available in the given list")
if ( y not in list ):
print("Line 2 - y is not available in the given list")
else:
print("Line 2 - y is available in the given list")

Python Identity Operators

Operator Description Example

is Evaluates to true if the variables on x is y,

either side of the operator point to the here is results in 1
same object and false otherwise. if id(x) equals
id(y).
 is not Evaluates to false if the variables on x is not y, here is
either side of the operator point to the not results in 1 if
same object and true otherwise. id(x) is not equal
to id(y).

Python Identity Operators example

a = 20
b = 20
print ('Line 1','a=',a,':',id(a), 'b=',b,':',id(b))
if ( a is b ):
print ("Line 2 - a and b have same identity")
else:
print ("Line 2 - a and b do not have same identity")
if ( id(a) == id(b) ):
print ("Line 3 - a and b have same identity")
else:
print ("Line 3 - a and b do not have same identity")
b = 30
print ('Line 4','a=',a,':',id(a), 'b=',b,':',id(b))
if ( a is not b ):
print ("Line 5 - a and b do not have same identity")
else:
print ("Line 5 - a and b have same identity")
Python Operators Precedence

Sr.No. Operator & Description

1 **
Exponentiation (raise to the power)

2 ~+-
Complement, unary plus and minus (method names for the last
two are +@ and -@)

3 * / % //
Multiply, divide, modulo and floor division

4 +-
Addition and subtraction

5 >> <<
Right and left bitwise shift

6 &
Bitwise 'AND'

7 ^|
Bitwise exclusive `OR' and regular `OR'

8 <= < > >=

Comparison operators
9 <> == !=
Equality operators

10 = %= /= //= -= += *= **=
Assignment operators

11 is is not
Identity operators

12 in not in
Membership operators

13 not or and
Logical operators

a = 20
b = 10
c = 15
d=5

print ("a:%d b:%d c:%d d:%d" % (a,b,c,d ))

e = (a + b) * c / d #( 30 * 15 ) / 5
print ("Value of (a + b) * c / d is ", e)

e = ((a + b) * c) / d # (30 * 15 ) / 5
print ("Value of ((a + b) * c) / d is ", e)

e = (a + b) * (c / d) # (30) * (15/5)
print ("Value of (a + b) * (c / d) is ", e)

e = a + (b * c) / d # 20 + (150/5)
print ("Value of a + (b * c) / d is ", e)