QUIZ PENGENDALIAN PROSES

DISUSUN OLEH :

CUT ANNISA NAMIRA

NIM : 160405061

DOSEN PEMBIMBING :
DR. AMIR HUSIN ST, MT.

DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK KIMIA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN

2019
1. Derive the transfer function H(s)/Q(s) for the liquid-level system of fig.P6.1 when:
a. The tank level operates about the steady-state value oh hs = 1 ft
The pump removes water a constant rate of 10 cbm (cubic feet per minute); this rate is
independent of head. The cross-sectional area of the tank is 1,0 ft2 and the resistance
R is 0,5 ft/cfm.

Penyelesaian :

a. Ketinggian cairan hs = 1 ft. alur keluar hanya melalui pompa. Maka neraca massa
tangki
dh
A =q i−q o..............................................................................(1)
dt
Pada keadaan steady-state berarti q o=¿ kontan karena ada pompa
q i = 10
dh
A =q i ,s−qo
dt

Persamaan Deviasi

d (h−hs )
A =qi , is −qo ……………………………………… (2)
dt

h’ = h - hs
qi’ = qi – qi,s
maka persamaan dapat dituliskan menjadi :

dh'
A =q i '
dt

A S h́' (s) = q́ i ' (s)

 1
h́' (s) A Sehingga A=1,0 ft 2
G ( s )= = A =
q́i '( s) S S

2. Consider the stirred-tank reactor shown in Fig. P6.5. The reaction occurring is
A B
and it proceeds at a rate
r = k C0

where r = moles A reacting/(volume)(time)

k = reaction velocity constant
C,(t) = concentration of A in reactor, moles/volume
V = volume of mixture in reactor
Further let F = constant feed rate, volume/time
Ci(t) = concentration of A in feed Stream

Assuming constant density and constant V, derive the transfer function relating
the concentration in the reactor to the feed-stream concentration. Prepare a block
diagram for the reactor. Sketch the response of the reactor to a unit-step change in
Ci

Penyelesaian :
Neraca massa pada reaktor
In – out + gangguan = akumulasi
dCo
F C i−F C o + (−r V )=V
dt
dCo
F C i−F C o + K .Co . V =V
dt
dCo
F C i−( F + K V )C o=V
dt
F F KV dCo
V (
Ci +
V )
V
Co=
dt
F F dCo
V (V
Ci + K ) Co= ODE
dt
Variabel Deviasi
Ci=Ci−Ci , s
Co=Co−Co , s

Pada keadaan steady-state

F F
V
Cis− + K cos=0
V ( )
F F d (Co−cos)
V
(Ci−Cis)− + K (Co−cos)=
V (
dt )
F F dCo
V
Ci− + K Co=
V (dt )
Gunakan metode Laplace

F F dCo
L { V
Ci− + K Co=
V (dt ) }
F F
V V ( )
Ci ( s )− + K Co ( s ) =SCo( s)

F F
S Co ( s )+ ( + K ) Co ( s ) = Ci ( s )
V V

F F
(
Co ( s ) S +
V
+ K = Ci ( s )
V )
F
(
Co ( s ) S+
V
+K
=
F )
Ci( s) V

Co(s) F 1 1
=
Ci (s ) V
[ F
S+ + K
V
=
τs+1
]
1
Co(s) F F + KV
= =
Ci (s ) Vs+ F + KV 1
F + KV

F
Co(s) F + KV
=
Ci (s ) V
S+1
F + KV
 V
Dimana τ =
F +K V

F
Co(s) F + KV
=
Ci (s ) τs+1

F
Diaman A =
F + KV

sehingga

Co(s) A
=
Ci (s ) τs+ 1

1
Menggunakan metode Laplace Ci( s)=
S

1 A
Maka, Co ( s )= [ ]
S τs+1

A τA
{
L ' Co ( s )= −
S τs+1}
−t
τA τ
Co ( t ) =A− C
τ
−t
Co ( t ) =A (1−C τ )
3. A thermocouple junction of area A, mass m, heat capacity C, and emissivity e is
located in a furnace that normally is at Ti s, oC. At these temperatures convective
and
conductive heat transfer to the junction am negligible compared with radiative
heat
transfer. Determine the linearized transfer function between the furnace
temperature
Ti and the junction temperature To. For the case
m = 0,l g
c = 0,12 cal/(g)(oC)
e = 0,7
A = 0,l cm2
Tis = 1100°C
plot the response of the thermocouple to a 10°C step change in furnace
temperature. Compare this with the true response obtained by integration of the
differential equation.
 4. The Dynamic response of a stirred-tank bioreactor can be represented by the
transfer function
C '( s) 4
=
C 'F 2 s+1
When C’ is the exit susbstrate concentration, mol/L and C’ F is the feed substrate
concentration, mol/L.
a. Derive an expression for c’(t) if c’F(t) is a rectangular pulse (Fig. 5.2) with the
following characteristics
2 t> 0
( )
{
c F t = 4 0 ≤ t< 2
2 2 ≤t <∞ }
b. What is the maximum value of c’(t) / When does it occur? What is the final
value of c’(t)?
c. If the initial value is c(0) = 1, how long does it take for c(t) to return to avalue
of 1,05, after it has reached is maximum value ?

Jawab:
a. The rectangular pulse is
0 t> 0
{
c ' F= 2 0 ≤t <2
0 2 ≤t <∞ }
Laplace transforming this input yield
2
c ' F ( s ) = (1−e−2 x )
s
The input is the given by
8 8 e−2 x
c ' ( s )= −
s (2 s+1) s (2 s+1)
And from table 3.1 the time domain function is
−t −t−2
c ( t )=8 (1−e )−8(1−e
' 2 2
)S (t−2)
 b. by inspection of Eq. 1, rhe time at which this fuction will reach its maximum
value is 2, so maximum value of output is given by

−t −t−2
( )
c ' ( t )=8 1−e 2 −8(1−e 2
)S (t−2)
−2 −2−2
c ( 2 ) =8 ( 1−e )−8(1−e
' 2 2
) S(2−2)
−0
c ' ( 2 ) =8 ( 1−e−1 ) −8(1−e )S (0)2

And since the second term is zero, c’(2) = 5,057

c. By inspection, the steady state value of c’(t) will be zero, since this is a first-
order system with o integrating poles and the input returns to zero. To obtain
c’(∞ ¿, simplify the function derived in a) for all time greater than 2,
yielding
−(t−2) −t
c ( t )=8 ( e )
' 2 2
.e
Which will obviously converge to zero
Substituting c’(t)=0,05 in the previous equation and solving for t gives
t = 9,233
5.

Penyelesaian :

Neraca massa tangki

dh
A =F 1−F 0..................................................................................(1)
dt

dh
=F 1−(F 2+ F 3)...........................................................................(2)
dt

Pada keadaan steady-state

dh
=F 1 s−( F 2 s+ F 3 s) F3 = konstan karena menggunakan pompa
dt

F3 = F3s

Persamaan Deviasi :

d ( h−hs )
=( F 1−F 1 s ) + (−F 2−(−F 2 s ) )
dt

d ( h−hs )
=( F 1−F 1 s ) + ( F 2 s−F 2 )
dt
d ( h−hs )
=( F 1−F 1 s )− ( F 2−F 2 s )................................................(3)
dt

h−h 1=h'

F 1−F 1 s=F 1'

F 2−F 2 s=F 2'

Maka persamaan (3) menjadi :

dh '
=F 1' −F 2 ' ................................................................................(4)
dt

-F2 = -F2 -(-F2s)

F2 = 10 (5 – h) +1

F2 = 50 -10h + 1

-F2 = -(50 – 10h + 1)

= (-50 + 10h – 1)

-F2s = - (10(5-hs) +1

= -(50 – 10hs +1)

= (-50 +10hs -1)

-F2 – (-F2s) = (50+10h – 1) – ( -50 + 10hs -1)

= - 50 + 10h -1 + 50 -10hs +1

= 10h – 10hs

= 10h’

Maka persamaan (4) menjadi :

d h' ' '

=F 1 −F 2
dt
d h' '
=F 1 −10 h' ...............................................................................(5)
dt

Transformasi Laplace maka menghasilkan persamaan fungsi transfer

d h' ' '

a. =F 1 −10 h
dt

d h' '
+10 h '=F 1
dt

( s+10 ) h́ ( s )=F 1 '( s)

1
( 0,1 s +1 ) h́ ( s )= F 1' ( s )
10

1
h́(s ) 10 Kp .......................................................(6)
G ( s )= ' = =
F 1´ ( s) 0,1 s+ 1 τs+1

b. Kp = 1/10

τp=1/10

c. Pada unit step change, diketahui bahwa

1
F́ (s)=
S
Ketika, F(t) = 1 untuk t > 0
1
F́ (s)= , maka persamaan (6) menjadi :
S
h́( s) Kp
G ( s )= =
F́ 1' ( s) τs+1
Kp ´
h́' ( s )= F 1(s)
τs+1
Kp 1
=
τs+1 S
Kp
= ....................................................................(7)
S (τs+ 1)
Kp Kp τp
= − ............................................................(8)
S τp S+1
Persamaan (8) diperoleh dengan menggunakan penyelesaian parsial :
Kp A B
= + .........................................................(9)
S ( τs+1 ) S ( τp S+1 )
Untuk mencari A, S=0
Maka diperoleh Kp = A

Untuk mencari B, maka (τp s+1 ¿=0

τp s=−1
−1
S=
τp