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    Source Free RL Circuit

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    Anonymous yO7rcec6vu
    1) When a DC circuit changes states, such as a switch closing or an element changing, there is a transient period where currents and voltages change from their initial values to new steady state values. 2) The time constant of an RL series circuit is the time it takes for the current to reach 63.2% of its final value. It is equal to the inductance L divided by the resistance R. 3) The transient response of current in an RL series circuit is an exponential rising function that starts at 0 A and approaches a final value of V/R with the form i(t) = (1 - e^(-t/τ))V/R, where τ is the time constant

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    Source Free RL Circuit

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous yO7rcec6vu
    110 views5 pages
    1) When a DC circuit changes states, such as a switch closing or an element changing, there is a transient period where currents and voltages change from their initial values to new steady state values. 2) The time constant of an RL series circuit is the time it takes for the current to reach 63.2% of its final value. It is equal to the inductance L divided by the resistance R. 3) The transient response of current in an RL series circuit is an exponential rising function that starts at 0 A and approaches a final value of V/R with the form i(t) = (1 - e^(-t/τ))V/R, where τ is the time constant

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    Source free RL circuit

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    1) When a DC circuit changes states, such as a switch closing or an element changing, there is a transient period where currents and voltages change from their initial values to new steady state values. 2) The time constant of an RL series circuit is the time it takes for the current to reach 63.2% of its final value. It is equal to the inductance L divided by the resistance R. 3) The transient response of current in an RL series circuit is an exponential rising function that starts at 0 A and approaches a final value of V/R with the form i(t) = (1 - e^(-t/τ))V/R, where τ is the time constant

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    110 views5 pages

    Source Free RL Circuit

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous yO7rcec6vu
    1) When a DC circuit changes states, such as a switch closing or an element changing, there is a transient period where currents and voltages change from their initial values to new steady state values. 2) The time constant of an RL series circuit is the time it takes for the current to reach 63.2% of its final value. It is equal to the inductance L divided by the resistance R. 3) The transient response of current in an RL series circuit is an exponential rising function that starts at 0 A and approaches a final value of V/R with the form i(t) = (1 - e^(-t/τ))V/R, where τ is the time constant

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF DC CIRCUITS

    Introduction
    When a circuit condition changes from one state to another state, either when the
    applied voltage changes or when one of the circuit element changes, a transitional
    period exists during which the branch currents & voltage drops change from their
    earlier values to new values. After this transient period, the circuit reaches a steady
    state value.
    DIRECT CURRENT TRANSIENTS:
    4.1. RL SERIES TRANSIENT CIRCUITS FOR DC INPUT
    A constant voltage V is applied to the series RL circuit. When the switch is closed at
    t 0 , as shown in Fig…

    Applying KVL the differential equation is,

    di(t )
    Ri(t )  L V
    dt
    Taking the Laplace transform on both sides,
    V
     R  SL  I (s) 
    S
    V
    V L
    I ( s)  
    S ( R  SL)  R
    SS  
     L

    Applying partial fraction expansion,


    V
    L A B
     
    R S R
    S (S  ) S
    L L
    V  R
     A S    B S
    L  L

    Prepared by Prof.S.Nagammai, HOD/EIE/KLNCE Page 1


    TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF DC CIRCUITS

    Comparing the coefficients of like powers of ‘S’,


    A  B 0

    AR V

    L L
    V V
    Solving , A and B
    R R

     

    V 1 1 
    I (s)    
    RS  R
     S  
      L

    V    t 
    R

    i (t )  1  e  L  
    R 
     

    The initial value of the current is, i(0)  0


    V
    The final value of current is i ( ) 
    R

    , i( )  1  e  
    L V 0.632V
    At t   
    1

    R R R

    At this time, the current is 63.2 % of its final value


    This type of equation is known as an exponential rising function & and the plot of
    current response is shown in Fig

    The time constant (TC) is the time at which the power of exponent ‘e’ is unity.
    L
    Thus for the RL transient the time constant is,   sec
    R

    The voltage drop across the resistor & inductor is,

    Prepared by Prof.S.Nagammai, HOD/EIE/KLNCE Page 2


    TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF DC CIRCUITS

    V     t      t 
    R R
     L 
    VR  R i (t )  R  1 e  V 1 e  L  

    R   
       

      t  
    d V 
    R  R
         t
     L  
    VL  L 1 e  Ve  L 
    dt  R  
      

    Source free RL circuit


    Consider a source free RL circuit shown in Fig below. The inductor has an initial
    current of I0 Amps.
    The differential equation of the circuit is,
    di (t )
    R i (t )  L 0
    dt
    R I (s)  L  SI ( s)  I 0   0

     R  SL  I (s)  I 0 L
     R
     S   I ( s)  I 0
     L
    I0
    I (s) 
     R
    S  
     L
    Taking the inverse Laplace transform,
    R
    t
    i(t )  I 0 e L

    Prepared by Prof.S.Nagammai, HOD/EIE/KLNCE Page 3


    TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF DC CIRCUITS

    Problem 4.3: In the circuit shown in Fig… switch S1 is closed at t  0 & S 2 is opened
    t  0.3sec . Find the expression for transient current for both the intervals.

    Solution:
    With switch S1 & S 2 closed at t  0 , the 50 resistor acts as a short circuit.

    The differential equation is,


    di(t )
    20 i(t )  2  100
    dt

    100
     20  2S  I (S ) 
    S

    50 5  10
    I (S )  
    S  S  5 S  S  10 


    i(t )  5 1  e10 t Amps 
     
    i(0.3)  5 1  e100.3  4.75 Amps

    When switch S 2 is opened the differential equation is,


    di(t )
    70 i(t )  2  100
    dt

    100
    70 I ( S )  2  S I ( S )  4.75 
    S

    100
    70  2S  I (S )   9.5
    S

    50  4.75S
    I (S ) 
    S ( S  35)

    Applying partial fraction expansion,


    50  4.75S A B
     
    S ( S  35) S S  35

    50  4.75S  A  S  35  BS

    Solving for constants A and B


    Prepared by Prof.S.Nagammai, HOD/EIE/KLNCE Page 4
    TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF DC CIRCUITS

    A  1.43 and B  3.32

    1.43 3.32
    I (S )  
    S S  35

    35t 0.2
    i(t )  1.43  3.32 e Amps for t  0.2sec

    Problem 4.4: In the circuit shown in Fig…., the switch is closed for a long time. At t  0
    the switch is opened. Calculate i (t ) for t  0 .

    Solution:
    Since the switch is closed for a long time, there exist steady state conditions. Under this
    condition inductor acts a short circuit and 16 acts as dead element.

    12  4
    Now, RT   2  5
    16

    40 IT  12 8  12
    IT   8 Amps i0    6 Amps
    5 16 16

    When the switch is opened, the circuit condition is shown in Fig 2


    di (t )
    8i(t )  2 0
    dt

    8 I (S )  2 S I (S )  i0   0

    8  2S  I (S )  12
    12 6
    I (s)  
    8  2S S  4

    i(t )  6 e4t Amps for t  0 sec

    Prepared by Prof.S.Nagammai, HOD/EIE/KLNCE Page 5

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