Syllabus for Dental Anatomy and Dental Histology (I BDS)

Dental Anatomy

Sr.No Topic

Must Know Desirable to

know
1 Introduction -
• Definitions and Nomenclature in
Dental Anatomy
• Tooth numbering systems
• Differences between permanent and
deciduous dentition
• Definition of elevations and
depressions on the tooth
• Different Traits
2 Maxillary Incisor -
• Introduction
• Chronology
• Crown morphology
• Root morphology
• Pulp morphology
3 Mandibular Incisor -
• Introduction
• Chronology
• Crown morphology
• Root morphology
• Pulp morphology
4 Maxillary / Mandibular Canine -
• Introduction
• Chronology
• Crown morphology
• Root morphology
• Pulp morphology
5 Maxillary Premolar -
• Introduction
• Chronology
• Crown morphology
• Root morphology
Pulp morphology
6 Mandibular Premolar -
• Introduction
• Chronology
• Crown morphology
 • Root morphology
• Pulp morphology

7 Maxillary molar -
• Introduction
• Chronology
• Crown morphology
• Root morphology
• Pulp morphology
8 Mandibular molar -
• Introduction
• Chronology
• Crown morphology
• Root morphology
• Pulp morphology
9 Occlusion -Applied
• Development of occlusion aspects
• Concepts
• Theories
• Keys to occlusion
• Teeth & jaw associated factors
• Occlusion in dentures

10 Morphology of individual deciduous

tooth (suggested)
Dental Histology

Sr.NO Topics
Must Know Desirable to know
1 Histotechniques -Special stains
• Introduction -Immuno histochemistry
• Fixation & enzyme histochemistry
• Tissue processing (suggested)
• Staining .
• Ground section
• Special stains
• Clinical implications
2 Development of face and oral -Applied aspects
cavity(Embryology)
• Origin, development and differentiation
of facial tissues
• Branchial arches
• Development of face, Tongue and palate
• Development of Mandible ,Maxilla
3 Development of teeth -Molecular aspects of tooth
• Dental lamina genesis
• Developmental and histophysiological - Applied aspects
stages of teeth
• Development of root

4 Enamel - Applied aspects

• Introduction
• Physical and chemical properties
• Structures (Enamel rods, lamellae ,tufts,
spindles,Hunter Schreger bands, dentino-
enamel junction)
• Amelogenesis: Life cycle of ameloblast
5 Dentin - Applied aspects
• Introduction
• Physical and chemical properties
• Structures
• Dentinogenesis
• Types of dentin
• Theories of Hypersensitivity
• Functions
6 Maxilla and Mandible (alveolar process) - Bone morphogenic
• Definition and development protein, Bone Remodelling
• Anatomy & factor affecting it ,Bone
• Classification grafts
- Applied aspects
 • Types of Ossification
• Alveolar bone
• Histology of bone
• Bone morphogenic protein
• Bone Remodeling & factors affecting
7 Eruption and shedding -Applied aspects
• Theories of eruption
• Pre-eruptive,Eruptive and Post-eruptive
tooth movement
• Definition and Shedding pattern
• Histology of shedding
• Mechanism of resorption and shedding
• Clinical considerations
8 Pulp -Applied aspects
• Development, Anatomy and Structure
• Histology of pulp
• Functions
9 Cementum - Applied aspects
• Introduction
• Physical and chemical properties
• Structures
• Histology & cementogenesis
• Types of cementum, cemento-enamel
junctions
• Functions
10 Maxillary sinus -Applied aspects
• Definition and development
• Anatomy
• Functions
• Histology
11 Salivary glands -Applied aspects
• Embryogenesis
• Classification
• Anatomy of major and minor salivary
glands
• Histology of major and minor salivary
glands
• Saliva: Composition,formation and
functions of saliva
12 Periodontal ligament -Applied aspects
• Development & Classification
• Histology: cells and fibres
• Functions
13 Oral Mucous Membrane(OMM) -Applied aspects
• Definition and classification of OMM
• Types of epithelium
• Histology of keratinized and non
keratinized epithelium
• Non-Keratinocytes
• Clinical and histological aspects of
buccal mucosa,gingiva, palate, floor of
the mouth,vermilion border.
• Tongue-clinical and histological aspects
of papillae and taste buds
• Junctional epithelium
14 Temporomandibular Joint -Applied aspects
• Anatomy
• Development
• Histology
• Clinical considerations
15 Muscle of Mastication -Applied aspects

16 Deglutition -Applied aspects

Oral Pathology

Sr.N Topics
o.
Must know Desirable to know
1 Developmental Disturbances of oral and • Developmental disturbances
paraoral structures of oral lymphoid tissue
• Developmental disturbances of hard • Fissural(inclusion)cysts of
tissues: oral region
-dental arch relations,
-disturbances related to -
size,shape,number and structure of teeth,
-disturbances related to eruption and
shedding.
• Developmental disturbances of soft
tissues: Lip,palate,oral
mucosa,gingival,tongue and salivary
glands
• Craniofacial anomalies

2 Benign and Malignant tumors of oral cavity

• Potentially Malignant Disorders of
epithelial tissue origin.
-Definitions and nomenclature
-Epithelial dysplasia
-Lesions and conditions:leukoplakia,
erythroplakia,oral lichen planus and oral
submucous fibrosis.

• Benign tumors of epithelial tissue -Squamous acanthoma,

origin. Keratoacanthoma,
- Squamous papilloma, Oral nevi.

• Malignant tumors of epithelial tissue

origin.
-Oral squamous cell carcinoma: Definition and -Different histological grading
nomenclature,etiopathogenesis, TNM staging systems,
,Broder’s and Bryne’s grading systems. -Histological variants and molecular
-Verrucous carcinoma biology of squamous cell carcinoma

-Basal cell carcinoma: Definition

etiopathogenesis and histopathology
-Histological varients
-Malignant melanoma: Definition
etiopathogenesis and histopathology
-Clarks and Breslow system
 • Benign and malignant tumors of
connective tissue
-Fibroblast origin:oral fibromas and -Giant cell fibroma,
fibromatosis,peripheral ossifying fibroma myofibroma,fibromatosis,benign and
peripheral giant cell granuloma, pyogenic malignant fibrous histiocytoma
granuloma and Fibrosarcoma

-Adipose tissue origin:Lipoma -Lipoblastoma

Liposarcoma

-Endothelial origin(blood and -Vascular malformations,sturge

lymphatics:Hemangiomas and weber syndrome, angiofibroma.
lymphangiomas,Hereditary hemorrhagic hemangioendothelioma,hemangioper
telangiactasia,Kaposi’s sarcoma icytoma,

Bone and cartilage: Chondroma,osteoma,osteoid -Chondroblastoma and Ewing’s

osteoma, benign osteoblastoma,osteosarcoma, sarcoma
torus palatinus and mandibularis

-Muscle tissue origin:

Leiomyoma.Rhabdomyoma,rhabdom -Angiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma
yosarcoma.

-Nerve tissue origin:Traumatic neuroma, -MEN syndrome, malignant nerve

neurilemmoma, neurofibroma tumors, granular cell tumor,

- Lymphomas: Definition, classification,

differences between Hodgkins and Non- -other varients of lymphomas
Hodgkins lymphoma and Burkitts lymphoma

3 • Tumors of salivary glands -oncocytoma,ductal papillomas, cyst

-Histogenesis adenomas
-Classification.
-Benign tumors: pleomophic adenoma,Warthin -other malignant tumors
tumor,myoepithelioma
-Malignant tumors: mucoepidermoid
carcinoma,adenoid cystic
carcinoma,polymorphous low grade
adenocarcinoma
4 • Non-neoplastic diseases of salivary -oncocytosis
glands
-Xerostomia, Sjogren syndrome, Mickuliz
syndrome, Sialadenosis, necrotizing
sialometaplasia, mucocele and sialolithiasis

5 • Odontogenic and Non-Odontogenic - lateral periodontal cyst,residual

cysts cyst,glandular odontogenic cyst,
-Definition cysts of maxillary antrum and cysts
-Classification of soft tissues.
-Lesions: Keraocystic odontogenic
tumor,dentigerous cyst, calcifying odontogenic
cyst, radicular cyst and dental lamina cyst of new
born and eruption cysts
Non-Odontogenic cysts: Solitary bone cyst and
aneurismal bone cyst

6 • Odontogenic tumors -Odontoameloblastoma

-Definition -odontogenic carcinomas,
-Classification odontogenic sarcomas
-Lesions: Ameloblastoma, Squamous
odontogenic tumour, Calcifying epithelial
odontogenic tumour, - Ameloblastic fibroma,
fibrodentinoma, Ameloblastic fibrodentinoma,
Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, Complex
odontoma,Compound odontoma, Ameloblastic
carcinoma and malignant ameloblastoma.
-Odontogenic fibroma (simple and WHO-
type),Odontogenic myxoma or myxofibroma,
Benign cementoblastoma

7 • Bacterial infections of oral cavity Botromycosis, Tularemia,

-Tuberculosis, Syphilis, Diptheria, Noma, Melioidisis, Gonorrhea,
Leprosy, Actinomycosis,Tetanus. Rhinoscleroma, Cat-Scratch disease.

8 • Viral infections of oral cavity -

-Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster, Measles,
Rubella, Herpangina, Mumps, Chicken pox,
Molluscum contagiosum and Oral manifestations
of HIV infection.

9 • Mycotic infections of oral cavity -Rhinosporidiasis,

 -Candidiasis, South American Cryptococcosis, Coccidioidomycosis,
Blastomycosis,North American Sporotrichosis
Blastomycosis,Mucormycosis
10 • Diseases of the periodontium -Deposits on teeth(Stains,plaque and
-Classification calculus),periodontal
-Etiopathogenesis abscess,pericoronitis.
-Lesions: Gingivitis, ANUG, Gingival
enlargement, desquamative gingivitis, Chronic
and aggressive periodontitis.
- Trauma from occlusion
11 • Dental caries -Caries activity tests, Immunology of
-Definition dental caries, Caries vaccine,
-Classification Methods of caries control
-Etiopathogenesis,Theories, microbiology of
dental caries, histopathology of enamel,dentinal
and cemental caries.

12 • Diseases of pulp and periapical tissues

-Definition
-Classification -aerodontolgia,condensing
- Lesions: acute pulpitis,chronic pulpitis,chronic osteitis,chronic diffuse sclerosing
hyperplastic pulpitis, pulp abscess,pulp Osteomyelitis,florid osseous
necrosis,pulp fibrosis,periapical granuloma, dysplasia, sclerotic cemental masses.
periapical abscess, periapical cyst
-Sequale of pulpitis.
- Osteomyelitis: Definition, classification,
etiopathogenesis,
-Types: Acute and chronic suppurative
Osteomyelitis, Garre’s Osteomyelitis.

13 • Spread of oral infection -Cavernous sinus thrombosis,

- Focus of infection mechanism and significance of oral
-Focal infection foci of infection.
-Routes of spread of infection
-Space infections: cellulitis, space infections,
ludwing’s angina, Maxillary sinusitis,
14 • Physical and chemical injuries to the -Reactions to preparation of teeth for
oral tissues restorative procedures, high speed
-Traumatic cyst,bruxism,tooth ankylosis,linea instrumentation for cavity and crown
alba,traumatic ulcerations of oral preparation, restorative materials,
mucosa(eosinophilic granuloma),denture sore direct adhesive and non-adhesive
mouth, epulis fissuratum,mucocele, ranula, restorations, indirect restorations,
sialolithiasis,radiation effects of oral and paraoral bacteria at tooth restoration interface
tissues-osteoradionecrosis and microleakage.
-Plumbism,mercury poisoning,argyria,effects of -effects of orthodontic tooth
tetracycline movement and burns.
 - nonallergic local reactions to drugs
and chemicals
-effects of cancer chemotherapeutic
agents.
15 • Regressive alterations of the teeth -abfraction, reticular atrophy of the
-Attrition, abrasion and erosion pulp.
- sclerotic dentin, dead tracts, secondary dentin,
pulp calcification, resorption of
teeth,hypercementosis,cementicles
16 • Healing of oral wounds - Replantation and transplantation of
-Factors affecting wound healing teeth
-Complications -implants and osseointegrated
-Healing of wounds: gingivectomy, implants
biopsy,extraction and fracture),
-Biopsy techniques, exfoliative cytology
17 • Oral aspects of metabolic diseases - Disturbances of mineral
-Classification metabolism(trace elements)
-Disturbances of mineral metabolism: calcium -Porphyria
and phosphorus-osteoporosis, rickets. Fluoride -Lysosomal storage diseases
and fluorosis. - Disturbances of carbohydrate
- Disturbances of protein metabolism: marasmus metabolism:mucopolysaccharidosis
and kwashiorkor -Vitamin E
-Amyloidosis -progeria
-Avitaminosis: vitamin A,D,K.C and B-complex
- Disturbances of hormonal metabolism: Hypo
and hyper pituitarism,Addison’s disease,hypo
and hyper parathyroidism,diabetes mellitus
18 • Allergic and immunologic diseases of -Chronic granulomatius
the oral cavity disease.midline lethal
-Definition and nomenclature granuloma,uveoparotid
-Lesions: recurrent aphthous stomatitis,reiter’s fever,wegeners
syndrome,behcet’s syndrome,contact dermatitis granulomatosis,angioedema
and stomatitis, sarcoidosis
19 • Diseases of bone and joints - craniofacial dysostosis,
-Osteogenesis imperfecta, fibrous dysplasia, mandibulofacial dysostosis, Pierre-
cherubism, cleidicranial dysplasia,Down’s Robin’s syndrome, apert syndrome
syndrome, Pagets disease, Cementoblastoma -Luxation and subluxation,TMJ
-Hyper and hypo parathyroidism, rickets syndrome, Langerhans cell
-Developmental disturbances of TMJ,: ankylosis, histiocytosis,eosinophilic granuloma
rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
20 • Diseases of blood and blood forming -Chediak –Higasi syndrome,
organs thrombasthenia, parahemophilia
-RBC diseases:
-Anemias: iron deficiency anemia and plummer-
vinson syndrome, pernicious anemia and
megaloblastic anemia, thalassemia, sickle cell
 anemia, aplastic anemia,erythroblastosis foetalis
and polycythemia vera.
-WBC diseases: agranulocytosis,cyclic
neutropenia, leukocytosis and leucopenia,
infectious mononucleosis,leukemias

-Platelet and coagulation diseases: Purpura,

thrombocytopenia,hemophilia,von Willebrand’s
disease
21 • Diseases of the skin -keratosis follicularis,white sponge
-Ectodermal dysplasia, oral lichen planus, nevus,acanthosis nigricans,
psoriasis, erhthema multiformae, pemphigus paraneoplastic pemphigus,Hailey-
pemphigoid (bullous, cicatricial), epidermolysis Hailey disease,Ehlers –Danlos
bullosa, Lupus erythematosis, systemic sclerosis, syndrome, Goltz’s syndrome
Dyskeratosis congenita,
22 • Diseases of nerves and muscles -Spenopalatine neuralgia,
-Trigeminal neuralgia, auriculotemporal miscellaneous disturbances of nerves
syndrome, Bell’s palsy, burning mouth and muscles
syndrome, glossodynia and glossopyrosis,
migraine
-Classification of diseases of muscles,
myasthenia gravis, myositis ossificans
23 • Forensic odontology -Identification in disasters,
-Definitions and nomenclature Identification from dental DNA,
-Personal identification Dental profiling, sex identification
-Dental identification from craniofacial morphology and
-Palatal rugae patterns dimensions and by DNA analysis
-Age estimation,
-Bite marks: classification, appearance,
investigations, analysis, comparison and
conclusion
-Lip prints.
24 • Advanced diagnostic
methods(PCR,IHC,Flow
cytometry,microarray,tumo
r markers)-suggested