11/08/19

RATION FORMULATION TECHNIQUE

MK.Teknik Formulasi Ransum (NTP339)

Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology

Faculty of Animal Science
IPB University

Syllabus

This course provides computer

knowledge can be applied in
nutrition science and feed
technology that include principles
in ration formulation, ration
formulation method, the
estimated animal nutrition
requirements as well as the use of
a computer application program in
the feed industry

Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

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Lecturers

q Dr. Idat Galih Permana (Coord)

q Dr. Sri Suharti, SPt. M.Si.
q Dr. Rita Mutia, M.Agr.
q Ir. Dwi Margi Suci, MS
q Dr. Widya Hermana, M.Si.

Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

Topics

Lecture in INTP’s Lecture in IPTP.s

Week Topic
Class Class
1 Introduction Idat G. Permana Idat G. Permana

2 Concept of Animal Feed Formulation Rita Mutia Dwi Margi Suci

3 Feed Composition and Restriction Rita Mutia Dwi Margi Suci

4 Nutrient Requirement of Poultry Rita Mutia Dwi Margi Suci

5 Nutrient Requirement of Dairy Cattle Rita Mutia Dwi Margi Suci

6 Nutrient Requirement of Beef Cattle Rita Mutia Dwi Margi Suci

7 Nutrient Requirement of Pet Animal Rita Mutia Dwi Margi Suci

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Topics

Lecture in INTP’s Lecture in IPTP.s

Week Topic
Class Class
8 Linear Programming on Feed Idat G. Permana Sri Suharti
Formulation
9 Feed Formulation Software – Excel Idat G. Permana Sri Suharti
Solver
10 Feed Formulation Software – Win Feed Idat G. Permana Sri Suharti

11 Feed Formulation Software – Brill Idat G. Permana Sri Suharti

12 Premix Formulation Idat G. Permana Sri Suharti

13 Livestock Precision Farming Idat G. Permana Sri Suharti

14 Review Idat G. Permana Sri Suharti

Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

1. Introduction

q This topic discusses the importance of feed

industry in the livestock business and the
importance of ration formulation in the
livestock industry.

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2. Concept of Animal Feed Formulation

q This topic discusses the

basic principal of
animal ration
formulation, methods
of animal formulation
and the introduction of
various types of
software used in the
feed industry

Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

3. Feed Composition and Restriction

q This topic discusses the types of forage,

concentrates, additives and supplements; as
well as the feed source of energy and protein
sources; the nutritional composition of each
of the main feed materials and the restriction
of feedstuffs.

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4. Nutrient Requirement for Poultry

q This topic discusses

about nutrient
requirement and
standard for poultry,
such as broiler, layer,
duck, and quail based
on NRC, Scott, and
SNI.

Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

5. Nutrient Requirement for Dairy Cattle

q This topic discusses

about digestion
physiology, feeding,
nutrient standard,
and ration
formulation of dairy
cattle based on NRC
and SNI.

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6. Nutrient Requirement for Beef Cattle

q This topic discusses

the physiology of
digestion of
livestock, particularly
cattle, feeding and
nutrient standards
on beef and ration
formulation.

Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

7. Nutrient Requirement for Pet Animal

q This topic discusses

the nutrient needs
of pets such as cats,
and dogs, and their
ration formulation.

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8. Linear Programming on Feed Formulation

q Explain the basic

principle Linear
Programming (LP) on
feed formulation using
QM Software

Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

9. Feed Formulation using Excel Solver

q Explain the basic

principle Linear
Programming (LP) on
feed formulation using
Excel Solver Software

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10. Feed Formulation using WinFeed

q This topic discusses the

use of program WinFeed
in ruminant rations,
which includes the
preparation of feed
materials database,
database editing and
ration formulations.

Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

11. Feed Formulation using Brill

q Explain the basic

principle Linear
Programming (LP) on
advanced feed
formulation using Brill
Software

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12. Premix Formulation

q Explain the need for

minerals and vitamins in
cattle, the selection of
ingredients and the basic
principles of mineral and
vitamin premix
formulations

Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

13. Livestock Precision Farming

q Explain the
application of
communication and
information
technology in
industry 4.0 and its
application in the
field of animal
husbandry

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14. Rev iew

q Review the
application of
computer and
internet technology
in ration formulations
in the industrial era
4.0

Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

Course Methodology

q Performed with Blended Learning

System, a combination of Face to
Face ( F2F ) with the Online
System.
q Using the LMS ( Lecture
Management System), the web
address: http://newlms.ipb.ac.id
q Each student must login as a
participant in the LMS Moodle
q Username and Password the
same as the address user access
IPB
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Rule of Practicum
q Lecture is mandatory for students at
least 80% (if less than 12 presence, the
student not allowed to participate in the
Final Exam Semester (UAS).
q Mandatory practicum entirely 100%.
q The whole practical tasks should be
uploaded to the LMS in accordance with
the specified time, the delay causes a
task can not be accepted.
q The students must follow the quiz in
LMS
q The students must actively participate in
DISCUSSION FORUM at LMS.
Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

Rule of Course
q Each student must comply in order for the
computer room
q Forbidden to install or uninstall the software
without the permission of the lecturer/assistant
q Doing virus scanning when using Flash Disk
q All data is stored in a folder that has been
provided
q During the practicum is not allowed to run a
program other than the recommended
q To maintain hygiene, eating and drinking are
prohibited in the computer room
q Not allowed to communicate with HP in the
computer room
q Turn off the computer when it is finished

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Lecture Management System

http://newlms.ipb.ac.id

LMS Content:
q Lecture Modules
q Practical Modules
q Ration Formulation
Software
q Discussion Forum
q Task, Quiz,
Examination

Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

Scoring

q 30% Mid Semester Examination (UTS)

q 30% Final Semester Examination (UAS)
q 40% Practicum (Practical Examination, Quiz, Assignment,
Activity)
q Scoring Standard
A > 77.5
AB 72.5 – 77.4
B 67.5 – 72.4
BC 62.5 – 67.4
C 57.5 – 62.4
D 50.0 – 57.4
E < 50.0

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1. Introduction

Animal Feed

q For animals, feed required as basic requirement of life and for

production
q To produce high production need appropriate nutrients.
Ration should be arranged in balanced (balance ration)
q In the business of livestock , feed has a very important role,
the cost of feed is 60-80 % of the total variable costs
q Ration formulation is very important as major contribution on
farmer’s profit.
q Therefore, it is necessary uses ration with a balanced nutrient
content and the price is cheap (least cost ration).

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Trend of National Feed Demand

18
16.8
16
14.7 Increase 12%/year
13.7
14 Moet > 50 Billion IDR
Feed Production (Million Ton)

12.7
12 11.3

9.7
10
8.5
8.1
8 7.6
7.1 7.2

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

Feed Composition & Price

Price of Corn and SBM

Poultry Ration Composition

0.6
5
10
15
51

18

Corn SBM Ri ce b an d Fish meal Pol lard Ad diti ve

Corn 3.2 mill ton local and
4.8 mill ton import

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Feed Industry Capacity

Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

What is Feed ?

q Single or mixed feed ingredients, both

processed and unprocessed, given to animals
for maintenance, production and breeding

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What is Feed Ingredients ?

q Agricultural, fishery, livestock or other

materials that are suitable to be used as feed,
whether processed or unprocessed

Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

What is a Ration ?

q A RATION is the amount of feed

an animal receives in a 24-hour
period.
q A BALANCED RATION is the
amount of feed that will supply
the proper amount and
proportions of nutrients needed
for an animal to perform a
specific purpose such as growth,
maintenance, gestation, lactation
or laying.

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Poultry Ration

q Broiler (Starter, Finisher)

q Layer (Starter, Grower, Layer)
q Duck (Starter, Grower, Finisher, Layer)
q Kampong Chicken (Starter, Grower, Finisher)

Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

Beef Cattle Ration

q Calf (milk replacer, calf

starter)
q Growing (grower ration)
q Fattening (finisher ration)

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Dairy Cattle Ration

q Calf (milk replacer, calf

starter)
q Growing (grower)
q Heifer (heifer ration)
q Lactation (lactation ration)
q Bull (bull ration)

Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

Nutrient Requirements

q Nutrient requirements are the

amount of nutrients the animal
needs for a specific purpose.
q They are influenced by many
factors, such as weight of animal,
sex, desired rate of growth, stage of
lactation, environment and others.
q Nutrient requirements may be
found in published tables, such as
published by the National Research
Council (NRC).

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Nutrient Requirements

q Maintenance (nutrient for basic activities (breath,

blood flow, low activities) without body weight
change
q Production (milk, meat, egg, woll, reproduction,
etc.)

Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

Energy Utilization in Poultry

Heat Increment
600 kcal

Maintenance
Feces 800 kcal
1500 kcal
Urine 300 kcal
Feed 4000 kcal

Egg
800 kcal
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Energy Utilization in Dairy Cattle

Heat Increment
CO2
CH4
H2
Maintenance
Energy
Feces
Urine
Feed Energy

Meat Milk
Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

The Nutrient Composition

q The nutrient composition of a feed is the

amount of specific nutrients contained in the
feed.
q They are expressed as a percentage of the dry
matter (DM) and may also be found in
published feed composition tables.
q Feed composition tables should be used when
you have no other information. A chemical
analysis of the feed can be done for a limited
cost, and it will give much more accurate
information.
q Common information provided from an analysis
or a composition table will include dry matter,
crude protein, energy and minerals.
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A systematic approach on Ration

Formulation

q Determine the nutrient requirements of the animal

being fed. This means determining the sex, size and
production level of the animal. With this
information, nutrient requirements are available
from a table.
q Determine the feeds available for use. List their
composition on a dry matter basis from a
composition table or a chemical analysis and check
the price.
q Now the amounts of the feeds necessary to balance
the ration can be determined (feed limitation).

Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

Computer Formulation of Feed

q Least-cost feed formulation: a feed

formula that is both nutritionally-
complete (within limits) and with a
minimum ingredient cost (within
limits)
q Now-a-days is developed and
completed through the use of
computers using linear-programming
software
q Typical packages: WinFeed, Brill,
Format, BestMix, etc
q Used by most feed mills/manufacturers
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Least-Cost Feed Formulation

q Combining many feed ingredients in a certain

proportion to provide the target animal with a
balanced nutritional feed at the least possible
cost
q Use Linear Programming

Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

Feed Price

q Costs of feed ingredients and nutrient content

are fairly available for most commercial
feedstuffs
q Costs can be evaluated on a daily basis
q Nutrient requirements are fairly well known
q The most critical piece of information regards
digestibility/availability of nutrients within the
feed ingredient

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Least-Cost Feed Formulation

q Least-cost feed formulations require

that the following information be
provided:
1. Cost of feed ingredients
2. Nutrient content of feed ingredients
3. Nutrition requirement of the animal
4. Availability of the nutrient to the animal
5. Minimum-maximum restrictions on
levels

Ration Formulation Technique (C) 2019 – IPB University

Thank You

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