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AAS Lab Manual

This document provides an overview of atomic absorption spectroscopy and its use in analyzing heavy metal concentrations in waste water samples. Specifically, it outlines objectives to determine levels of lead, cadmium, and copper, describes the theory and components of atomic absorption spectroscopy, lists required apparatus and reagents, and provides a procedure to prepare standards and samples for analysis. Standards of known concentrations will be used to construct calibration curves to calculate concentrations of the heavy metals in an unknown waste water sample.

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JC
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1K views

AAS Lab Manual

This document provides an overview of atomic absorption spectroscopy and its use in analyzing heavy metal concentrations in waste water samples. Specifically, it outlines objectives to determine levels of lead, cadmium, and copper, describes the theory and components of atomic absorption spectroscopy, lists required apparatus and reagents, and provides a procedure to prepare standards and samples for analysis. Standards of known concentrations will be used to construct calibration curves to calculate concentrations of the heavy metals in an unknown waste water sample.

Uploaded by

JC
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHNG 1001 – APPLIED CHEMISTRY 1

ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY

OBJECTIVES

1. To determine the concentration of Lead, Cadmium and Copper in a waste water sample
2. To investigate the adsorption of heavy metal ions on a membrane surface

THEORY

Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) is an analytical technique that measures the concentrations
of elements. Atomic absorption is so sensitive that it can measure down to parts per billion of a
gram in a sample. The technique makes use of the wavelengths of light specifically absorbed by
an element. They correspond to the energies needed to promote electrons from one energy level to
another, higher, energy level.

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Atomic absorption spectrometry has many uses in different areas of chemistry. Clinical analysis,
Analyzing metals in biological fluids such as blood and urine. Environmental analysis. Monitoring
our environment e.g. finding out the levels of various elements in rivers

A calibration curve is constructed by running several samples of known concentration under the
same conditions as the unknown. The amount the standard absorbs is compared with the calibration
curve and this enables the calculation of the concentration in the unknown sample. Consequently
an atomic absorption spectrometer needs the following three components: a light source; a sample
cell to produce gaseous atoms; and a means of measuring the specific light absorbed.

Prepared by : C.A.A.Mohammed
APPARATUS AND REAGENTS

Apparatus
 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer
 Volumetric flasks and stoppers
 Pipette
 AAS sampler test tubes
 dropper
Reagents
 1000 ppm Lead solution (AAS grade)
 1000 ppm Cadmium solution (AAS grade)
 1000 ppm Copper solution (AAS grade)
 Deionized water
 Waste water sample

PROCEDURE

 Prepare the standards for Lead, Cadmium and Copper using a 50 ml volumetric flask. To
be done using the table below

Table 1: shows the standards required for the calibration curves for Pb, Cd and Cu
Pb Cd Cu
Standard Ppm Volume Standard Ppm Volume Standard Ppm Volume
of stock of stock of stock
(ml)
1 DI 1 DI 1 DI
2 2 0.100 2 0.25 0.0125 2 1 0.050
3 4 0.200 3 0.5 0.0250 3 2 0.100
4 6 0.300 4 1 0.0500 4 3 0.150
5 8 0.400 5 1.5 0.0750 5 4 0.200
6 10 0.500 6 2 0.1000 6 5 0.250

Prepared by : C.A.A.Mohammed
 Pipette the required volume of 1000 ppm Pb stock solution into the volumetric flask
 Make up the solution to the mark on the flask using deionized water
 Stopper the flask and shake thoroughly
 Repeat for all standards
 Pour the Pb standards into test tubes and place into the auto sampler of the AAS
 Prepare the waste water samples using the dilutions seen below in the same manner as the
standards for Pb ion testing

Table 2: The dilutions to be prepared for heavy metal ion testing on the waste water samples

Heavy Metal Ion Dilution factor


Pb2+ 2

Cd2+ 10

Cu2+ 5

 Place the waste water sample into the auto sampler after the standards have been placed.
 Run Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy on the waste water to determine absorbance of
lead ions
 Repeat for Cd and Cu.

REQUIRED READING TOPICS

 Atomic Absorption spectroscopy


 Dilutions for analysis of samples

Prepared by : C.A.A.Mohammed

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