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  • The World of English in Policy: Current Language Policy at Primary School of Philippines

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    The document summarizes and compares the language policies of primary education in the Philippines and Vietnam. In the Philippines, English was established as the national language in 1898 and is used as a medium of instruction starting in Grade 1, although some schools delay this until Grade 4. The K-12 program implemented in 2011 requires teaching in the mother tongue from Grades 1-3. In Vietnam, English is only a compulsory subject starting in Grade 3, and schools have flexibility around whether and how to teach it earlier. Overall proficiency in English remains lower in Vietnam than in the Philippines due to differences in resources, environment, and teaching methods.

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    The document summarizes and compares the language policies of primary education in the Philippines and Vietnam. In the Philippines, English was established as the national language in 1898 and is used as a medium of instruction starting in Grade 1, although some schools delay this until Grade 4. The K-12 program implemented in 2011 requires teaching in the mother tongue from Grades 1-3. In Vietnam, English is only a compulsory subject starting in Grade 3, and schools have flexibility around whether and how to teach it earlier. Overall proficiency in English remains lower in Vietnam than in the Philippines due to differences in resources, environment, and teaching methods.

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    62 views6 pages

    The World of English in Policy: Current Language Policy at Primary School of Philippines

    Uploaded by

    KetMai
    The document summarizes and compares the language policies of primary education in the Philippines and Vietnam. In the Philippines, English was established as the national language in 1898 and is used as a medium of instruction starting in Grade 1, although some schools delay this until Grade 4. The K-12 program implemented in 2011 requires teaching in the mother tongue from Grades 1-3. In Vietnam, English is only a compulsory subject starting in Grade 3, and schools have flexibility around whether and how to teach it earlier. Overall proficiency in English remains lower in Vietnam than in the Philippines due to differences in resources, environment, and teaching methods.

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    of 6

    VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI

    UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

    THE WORLD OF ENGLISH IN POLICY


    Current language policy at Primary school of
    Philippines

    Full name: Trần Hồng Điệp


    Date of birth: 01-01-1985
    Student code:15045059 phone number: 0982851519
    Email:tranhongdiep1185@gmail.com
    Cohort: K24
    Lecturer: Dr. Đỗ Thị Thanh Hà

    Hanoi, February 20, 2017


    THE WORLD OF ENGLISH IN POLICY
    ‘Current language policy at Primary school of Philippines
    Philippines is one of countries using a variety of languages in the world and
    English is one of languages that plays an important role in education systerm of
    Philippines. Philippines English existed in 1898 when Spanish gave the United States
    control of the nation. Because English has been perceived by many as a symbol of status
    and power since then, it became the national language of Philippines and widely used in
    daily life of Philippines and English is one of compulsory subject in Philippine School.

    According to 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines- The 1987


    Policy of Bilingual Education, English was still maintained as international language and
    as non-exclusive langugae of science and technology. It means that English was only
    used to teach Science, Math and Technology subjects and English is started using as
    media of instruction starting Grade 1 in all primary schools in Philipines, althought
    inpublic school, English is only taught after the second semester of Grade 1 and at this
    time, English is not used as a medium of instruction until students reach to grade 4.
    However, according to Executive Order No. 210 in May 17, 2003, Philipine government
    established the the Policy to Strengthen the Use of the English Language as a medium of
    Instruction in the Educational System (DepEd Memorandum No. 181 s. 2003 issued)
    which means that English ís used as mean of instruction to develop aptitude, competence
    and proficiency of students in English, so English is considered as one of the core
    subjects or major subjecy taught in primary education in the Philippines beside
    Mathematics, Sciences and Filipino languages, and Makabayan (Social Studies,
    Livelihood Education, Values).In July 2009, to overcome the foreign language problem,
    the Department of Education of Philippines decided to order all elementary schools to
    move towards initial mother-tongue language instruction from grade 1 to grade 3, and the
    Filipino and English are used as the language of instruction for other subject beginning in
    the third and fourth grades. Thus, according to Elementary or Primary School General
    Subjects with Daily Time Allotment (Time of Direct Contact and Teaching Interaction),
    and Language of Instruction (Language Medium Used) Grade 1 spends 30 minutes
    learning Oral English beginning from thrid Quarter or second Semester, Grade 2 spends
    50 minutes daily learning Oral English for first and second Quarter and Writing and
    Reading English for the third and forth Quarter, Grade 3 spends 50 minutes daily learning
    English, and the other grades left spend 50 minutes daily learning English. Beside,s
    Grade 4 and 5 learn Mathematics and Science in English. English is used as a mean of
    teaching for other subjects such as Music, Arts, physical Education and Health for Grade
    5.

    In 2010, the Senator of Philipines-Mr Benigno aquino III wanted to implement


    the K-12 basic education cycle to increase number of years of compulsory education to
    13 years with the aims to give people an equal chance to succeed and have better quality
    education which give better profitable jobs afterwards. His K-12 basic education adopts
    the K-6-4-2 basic education system- one year of kindergarten, six years of elementary
    education, four years of junior high school education and two years of senior high school
    education and this basic education program has been implemented since the years of
    2011. This program created some changes in the elementary education of Philipines.
    English is replaced by the mother tongue as the medium of instruction from Grade 1 to
    Grade 3, which means all subjects such as mathematics, science, Araling Panlipunan,
    Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao, Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health (MAPEH),
    Filipino and English will be taught in the mother tongue instead of English until at least
    Grade 3. The Mother tongue is also considered as a subject and used as a language of
    teaching in Grade 1 for conceptual understanding and other langugaes are introduced as
    separate subject starting Grade 2 and Oral English started in the second semester of
    learning year. English is used as the medium of instruction from Grate 4 to Grade 6 for
    subjects such as Engish, Science, and Mathematíc. However, English is also used as the
    medium of instruction for grade 6 to study Edukasyong Patahanan at pangkabuhayan.
    Beside reducing the use of English as the medium of instruction at the elementary
    level the allotmet for English subject is also cut down and more time is given to the new
    learning area under mother tongue but mainly English and Filipino are still used as
    language of instruction, especially from grade 6, they are only languages used for
    instruction.

    Because the K-12 meets several issues such as finance ( students parents has no
    money for education of their children, the government has no money to pay for more
    years of free education) and other related problems, in 2013, the Department of
    Education of Philippines reformed this educational program so that the primary and
    secondary education entailed 10 years of schooling, of which the first 6 years is for
    elementary or primary school and the last four year covered high school. The reformation
    seemed not to have any changes in the curriculum of elementary or primary education
    since students from Grade 1 to Grade 3 is still be taught in their mother language first and
    English is still the language of interaction in schools and also the teaching language in all
    academic subjects from Grade 4 to Grade 6. The nation’s schools implement a bilingual
    policy of using both English and Filipino as the medium of instruction.

    The Current language policy in Vietnam is quiet different from Philippines. If


    English can be not only a subject at schools but a medium instruction in Philippine
    schools, English is only a compulsory subject at school of Vietnam since, according to
    primary education law issued on december 10th 1998, the Vietnamese government
    stipulated that Vietnamese is the main language used in schools” so English is only a
    subject in all schools in Vietnam. In a project 2020 on teaching and learning foreign
    language issued in 2008, the prime minister made a decision on approval poject for
    teaching and learning language in the national education system in the period from 2008
    to 2020 and one of the languages that is taught in schools of Vietnamese national
    education system is English. However, since 2002, English is only an elective subject at
    primary schools in Vietnam. In other words, Students learning at elementary schools in
    Vietnam can choose to learn or not to learn English. Since 2009, students choosing to
    learn English just have to spend only 2 hours per week or 210 hour in total for learning
    the subject at school which made the quality of teachinga and learning English at general
    level in Vietnam is very low ( van et al, 2006).

    To implementing the Decision 1400-QD-TTg by the Prime Minister approving the


    Project of foreign language teaching and learning in the national system, so that by 2020
    most Vietnamese students graduating from secondary, vocational schools, colleges and
    universities can use a foreign language confidently not only in their daily communication,
    their study and work in an integrated, but also in multi-cultural and multi-lingual
    environment, English is introduced into primary school as a compulsory subject from
    grade 3 and the new curriculum of Department of education defines that students at the
    completion of primary educatio should reach level 1 and level 2 or A 1 and A2 in the
    form of the Common Framework of Levels of Foreign Language Proficiency, based on
    the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages that issued by the
    Ministry of Education and Training. The other task of this project is to encourage schools
    to develop bi-lingual programs and teach maths and science in English at upper national
    secondary schools. Today, English is also used as medium instruction for subjects such as
    maths, Science, English… in international schools or private schools in Vietnam.

    Although English is taught with full 4 skills in Vietnam School, because of lack of
    resources, learning condition, target language environment, the ability as well as the
    learning habit, motivation and beliefs of learners, also because of economic conditions
    and although, even nowaday students and their parents and teachers are aware of the
    importance of English for better development and career, Students cannot communicate
    or use English in their study. Moreover, different from teaching Oral English in Philipine
    schools, almost schools in Vietnam teach English grammar for students, thus the ability
    of using English in Vietnam is still difficult to Vietnamese students.

    REFERENCES

    1. http://www.gov.ph/k-12/
    2. http://www.deped.gov.ph/orders/do-52-s-1987

    3. http://www.smartparenting.com.ph/parenting/preschooler/k-12-101-a-primer-

    on-the-new-philippine-education-curriculum/page/3
    4. http://www.deped.gov.ph/orders/do-54-s-1987

    5. https://academicexchange.wordpress.com/2016/01/15/facts-on-the-new-

    philippine-k-12-education-system/
    6. Hoàng Văn Vân, Nguyễn Thị Chi, Hoàng Thị Xuân Hoa (2006). Đổi mới

    phương pháp giảng dạy tiếng Anh ở trường trung học phổ thông Việt Nam. Hà
    Nội: NXB Giáo dục
    7. Le Hung Tien- ELT in Vietnam general and tertiary education from second

    language education perspectives-VNU Journal of Foreign Studies,


    Vol.29,No.1(2013)65-71
    8. Nguyễn Thị Thùy Trang -University of South Australia. English Language

    Policies of Vietnamese Primary schools and issues of implementation in rural


    settings. The Journal of Asia Tefl Special Issue, pp 115 – 134, winter 2012
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines
    9. www.moet.gov.vn/

    Quyết định về việc phê duyệt đề án “dạy và học ngoại ngữ trong hệ thống giáo
    dục quốc dân giai đoạn 2008 – 2020” ( Phó thủ tướng Nguyễn Thiện Nhân ký
    nagỳ 30 tháng 8 năm 2008)

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