Derivative Focus

FIXED INCOME RESEARCH

CROSS-ASSET

November 26, 2013

Conditional curve trades

Research analysts
Eyeballing relative value
Quantitative Strategies
We introduce a simple report for eyeballing a wide range of (zero-cost) conditional Nick Firoozye - NIplc
steepeners and flatteners and a wide range of conditional butterfly trades. The hope is to nick.firoozye@nomura.com
+44 20 7102 1660
avoid reams and reams of paper analysing every combination and enable the user to
simply eyeball trades based on their carry, moneyness (or pickup of entry-level strikes to Qilong Zhang - NIHK
qilong.zhang@nomura.com
forwards), and total pickup (of entry-level strikes to spot). These are some of the primary +852 2252 6191
tools for judging whether a conditional curve trade (e.g., a steepener, flattener, or
butterfly trade done through swaptions) provides some advantage to doing the same
trade without the conditionality through swaps directly. We present the reports for USD
and EUR rates together with a brief analysis of the trades that would carry well or
express a given view. In the Appendix, we explain how to use the tables with simple
arithmetic.

Intro and Definitions

A conditional curve trade uses options of the same expiry on different points on the yield
curve to express a view on yield curve reshaping. It expresses a more nuanced view
than a pure curve trade (e.g., a steepener, flattener, butterfly) because it pays off if the
curve steepens (or flattens) only in a rally (or sell-off), implicitly a play on correlation
between different motions of the yield curve. In part, due to this more nuanced view, it is
typical for investors to expect to be compensated for putting on a conditional curve trade
by some benefit to the underlying curve trade. We present a simple means of estimating
this pickup.

We note that all conditional curve trades will be dv01 weighted (i.e., one leg may have
fixed notional, while the other legs have notional scaled so that they have the same
dv01). This is because payoffs of individual swaptions all depend on the dv01s together
with the swap rates. Scaling notionals by dv01s should ensure that the resulting portfolio
payoff depends primarily on the spreads between the underlying swaps.

In Figures 1 and 2, we provide definitions of the eight standard conditional spread trades,
noting that, for butterflies, wideners always benefit from rising butterfly spreads, while
tighteners benefit from their decline.

We continue with a list of relevant terms:

Conditional Curve Trade – A curve trade (i.e., steepener, flattener, butterfly) that is
done entirely through one type of swaption. Bearish Conditional Trades are done through
payers, and Bullish Conditional Trades are done through receivers.
Entry-level strikes or entry-level spread – The strikes of the underlying swaptions
(chosen to make the trade costless) or the spread between the strikes of a trade.
Pickup to forwards – For a steepener, investors benefit from entry spreads that are
flatter than forwards. For a flattener, investors benefit from entry spreads that are steeper
than forwards. For a butterfly, a positive pickup is an advantage over forwards in terms of
entry levels into the given spread trade.
Total pickup – This is the pickup from forwards to spot, a form of carry. It is effectively
the gain or loss in basis points between the entry-level spread and the spot spread.
See Appendix A-1 for analyst
certification, important disclosures
and the status of non-US
analysts.
Nomura | Derivative Focus November 26, 2013

Fig. 1: Conditional spread trades

Simple nomenclature
Performs
Trade Short Leg Long Leg When Comments
Bull Steepener Long Short Curve One of the most common motions of the yield curve. Bull steepening usually
Receiver Receiver steepens occurs when there is a fall in growth and inflation expectations such as during
in a rally the onset of a recession (i.e., a negative demand shock).
Bull Flattener Short Long Curve A less common motion of the yield curve, flattening in a rally. Usually associated
Receiver Receiver flattens in with flight to quality or expectations of QE (i.e., a supply shock).
a rally
Bear Steepener Short Long Curve A less common motion of the yield curve, steepening in a sell-off. Usually
Payer Payer steepens associated with flight from quality or concerns over cessation of QE (i.e., a
in a sell-off supply shock).
Bear Flattener Long Short Curve One of the most common motions of the yield curve. Bear flattening usually
Payer Payer flattens in occurs during a pickup in growth and inflation expectations (i.e., a positive
a sell-off demand shock).
Source: Nomura research

Bull Steepener – Buying a receiver on a short tenor and selling a receiver on a long
tenor swap for zero cost, e.g., buying 9m2y receivers and selling 9m10y receivers. The
trade benefits from steepening in a rally, loses money from flattening in a rally, and
expires worthless in a sell-off.
Bull Flattener – Buying a receiver on a long tenor and selling a receiver on a short tenor
swap for zero cost, e.g., buying 1y10y and selling 1y1y receivers. The trade benefits
from flattening in a rally, loses money from steepening in a rally, and expires worthless in
a sell-off.
Bear Steepener – Selling a payer on a short tenor and buying a payer on a long tenor
swap for zero cost, e.g., selling 3m1y payers and selling 3m5y payers. The trade
benefits from steepening in a sell-off, loses money from flattening in a sell-off, and
expires worthless in a rally.
Bear Flattener – Buying a payer on a short tenor and selling a payer on a long tenor
swap for zero cost, e.g., buying 6m2y payers and selling 6m10y payers. The trade
benefits from flattening in a sell-off, loses money from steepening in a sell-off, and
expires worthless in a rally.

Fig. 2: Conditional butterflies

Carefully trying to avoid ambiguity
Short Long
Trade Wing Belly Wing Performs when Comments
Bull Widener Long Short Long Butterfly spreads Belly typically outperforms in a steepening and steepening usually
Receiver Receiver Receiver widen (rise) in a occurs in a rally, making this an alternative to a bull steepener.
rally
Bull Tightener Short Long Short Butterfly spreads Less common motion of yield curve, usually associated with bull
Receiver Receiver Receiver tighten (fall) in a flattening supply shocks.
sell-off
Bear Widener Short Long Short Butterfly spreads Less common motion of yield curve, usually associated with bear
Payer Payer Payer widen (rise) in a steepening supply shocks.
sell-off
Bear Tightener Long Short Long Butterfly spreads Belly typically underperforms in a flattening, and flattening usually occurs
Payer Payer Payer tighten (fall) in a in a sell-off, making this an alternative to a bear flattener.
sell-off
Source: Nomura research

Bull Widener Butterfly – Selling twice the dv01-weighted notional of the receiver on the
belly and buying the dv01-weighted notional of the receivers on the wings. The trade
benefits from butterfly spreads rising in a rally, loses money if spreads fall in a rally, and
expires worthless in a sell-off. Payoffs are more complex if some options expire ITM and
some OTM.
Bull Tightener Butterfly – Buying twice the dv01-weighted notional of the receiver on
the belly and selling the dv01-weighted notional of the receivers on the wings. The trade
benefits from butterfly spreads falling in a rally, loses money if spreads rise in a rally, and

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Nomura | Derivative Focus November 26, 2013

expires worthless in a sell-off. Payoffs are more complex if some options expire ITM and
some OTM.
Bear Widener Butterfly – Selling twice the dv01-weighted notional of the payer on the
belly and buying the dv01-weighted notional of payers on the wings. The trade benefits
from butterfly spreads rising in a sell-off, loses money if spreads fall in a sell-off, and
expires worthless in a rally. Payoffs are more complex if some options expire ITM and
some OTM.
Bear Tightener Butterfly – Buying a twice the dv01-weighted notional of the payer on
the belly, and selling the dv01-scaled notionals of payers on the wings. The trade
benefits from butterfly spreads declining in a sell-off, loses money if butterfly spreads rise
in a sell-off, and expires worthless in a rally. Payoffs are more complex if some options
expire ITM and some OTM.
The following four terms are used in Figures 3 and 4 and are also depicted in the
example charts (for USD 3m5y and EUR 3m5y) in the upper right hand corner of these
figures.
Yield Curve Carry is Forward – Spot. It will almost always be positive.
Payers Moneyness is the Forward – Strike of the corresponding payer (with notional
scaled to have same dv01, and strike adjusted to have same PV as the ATMF 10y
payer). Swaptions with positive entries mean that conditional trades, long the swaption
vs the same expiry 10y, have a pickup to forwards. We call this a pickup of the option to
the forward.
Payers Total Pickup is the Payers Moneyness less the Yield Curve Carry (since payers
are effectively short underlying swaps). This is Strike – Spot. Payers carry negatively
except in rare circumstances such as when yield curves are flat or inverted.
Receivers Moneyness is the Strike – Forward of the corresponding receiver (with
notional scaled to have the same dv01, with strike adjusted to have the same PV as the
ATMF 10y receiver). Swaptions with positive entries mean that conditional trades, long
the swaption vs the same expiry 10y, have a pickup to forwards.
Receivers Total Pickup is the Receivers Moneyness plus the Yield Curve Carry (since
Receivers are long underlying swaps). This is Strike – Spot. Receivers carry positively
except under rare circumstances such as when yield curves are flat or inverted.
In any given row, if you buy a receiver/payer you add that corresponding number, and if
you sell a receiver /payer you subtract that corresponding number to get the total carry,
moneyness, or total pickup of a spread or butterfly trade.
The tables are a means of exploring conditional trades. Rather than providing further
analysis, we suggest that the reader look at the pickup, and total carry of a wide variety
of trades, given that these can be identified with little more than arithmetic and eyeballing
alone.

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Nomura | Derivative Focus November 26, 2013

USD Conditional Trade Report

We see in Figure 3 the USD Conditional Trade report, starting with the carry for each
given forward (1m to 12m forwards for a variety of major tenors). We follow with Payers
Moneyness, Payers Total Pickup, and the corresponding Receivers Moneyness and
Receivers Total Pickup.
Some simple observations:
 Carry peaks at the 5y, so front end vs 5y flatteners have positive carry, as do
5y vs long end steepeners. Receiving the belly on a 2s5s10s butterfly has very
positive carry (and the buffer for underperformance is quite sizeable), and other
flies (e.g., front end/10s30s) have sizeable carry and good entry points.
 10y tail vols are the richest on the curve (followed closely by the 7y), as every
other tail has a positive spread to them in the moneyness tables (the second
row of tables in Figure 3).
 Conditional Bear Flatteners all have pickup to forwards (as in the entry levels
are effectively steeper than forwards and one can benefit from the vol
differential) where both legs are shorter than 10y. If the front leg is 1y to 3y and
the back leg 7y to 10y, the bear flattener has positive carry.
 Conditional Bear Steepeners at the long end have positive pickup to forwards
(i.e., from 7y onwards) due to the richness of 7y to 10y vols. For front legs of
around 3y to 10y and long legs past 10y, they also have positive carry due to
the peak in carry at the belly of the curve.
 Conditional Bear Tightener Butterflies (short payers on belly, and long
payers on wings) have greater pickups than conditional bear flatteners where
the belly is in 7y to 10y. They all have positive carry.
 Conditional Bull Steepeners have a pickup to forwards for the front leg being
3y or shorter
 Conditional Bull Flatteners have a pickup to forwards or are flat to forwards
for the front leg being longer than 5y.
 Conditional Bull Tightener Butterflies (long receivers on the belly, short
receivers on the wings) have positive carry due to the sizeable carry in the 3y to
7y part of the curve.

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Nomura | Derivative Focus November 26, 2013

Fig. 3: Conditional USD Curve Trades 25-Nov-11

USD Yield Curve Carry (Fwd - Spot) (bp)

Swap Tenor Example : 3m5y
1y 2y 3y 5y 7y 10y 20Y 30Y
Spot Receiver Strike Forward Payer Strike
1m 1.0 2.5 4.3 6.0 5.1 3.8 2.0 1.5
2m 2.0 5.2 8.9 11.4 10.0 7.7 4.2 3.1 1.65 1.65 Receiver
3m 2.9 7.7 13.1 16.8 14.5 11.3 6.3 4.8 1.62 Moneyness

Pickup = 19.69bp
1.60 Payer

Payer Total Pickup

4m 4.0 10.6 17.5 22.0 19.2 14.8 8.3 6.3 =2.89bp

Receiver Total
Option Expiry

Moneyness 1.58
5m 5.7 14.3 22.9 28.4 24.3 18.8 10.4 7.9

Carry=16.80bp
= 12.94bp
=3.87bp

3m5y (%)
6m 7.2 18.0 28.4 34.2 29.1 22.6 12.6 9.6 1.55
7m 8.9 21.4 33.4 39.8 33.8 26.2 14.6 11.1
8m 11.2 26.0 39.9 46.3 39.0 30.2 16.8 12.8 1.50
9m 13.4 30.5 45.5 52.2 44.1 33.9 18.9 14.4
10m 16.2 35.3 51.7 58.6 49.0 37.9 21.2 16.1 1.45 1.45
11m 19.3 40.6 58.1 64.5 53.8 41.5 23.2 17.6
12m 22.6 45.6 64.4 70.7 58.9 45.4 25.3 19.3 1.40

Payers Moneyness (Fwd - Strike) (bp) Receivers Moneyness (Strike - Fwd) (bp)
Swap Tenor Swap Tenor
1y 2y 3y 5y 7y 10y 20Y 30Y 1y 2y 3y 5y 7y 10y 20Y 30Y
1m 9.0 8.9 7.4 1.8 0.4 - 1.3 1.7 1m 8.8 8.5 6.5 1.5 0.3 - 1.2 1.7
2m 12.6 12.5 10.7 2.8 0.6 - 1.8 2.5 2m 12.3 11.7 8.9 2.2 0.5 - 1.6 2.4
3m 16.1 16.0 13.7 3.9 0.8 - 2.3 3.3 3m 15.5 14.6 11.1 2.9 0.6 - 2.1 3.1
4m 19.1 18.8 15.8 4.4 1.0 - 2.9 4.1 4m 18.1 16.8 12.5 3.3 0.7 - 2.6 3.9
Option Expiry

Option Expiry
5m 21.7 21.3 17.5 4.9 1.0 - 3.5 4.9 5m 20.3 18.5 13.6 3.6 0.8 - 3.1 4.7
6m 24.3 23.6 18.9 5.2 1.1 - 4.1 5.7 6m 22.2 20.0 14.5 3.8 0.8 - 3.6 5.4
7m 26.5 25.4 19.9 5.2 1.1 - 4.8 6.4 7m 23.8 21.0 14.9 3.8 0.8 - 4.3 6.1
8m 28.6 27.0 20.6 5.1 1.0 - 5.5 7.2 8m 25.3 21.9 15.2 3.7 0.8 - 4.9 6.9
9m 30.7 28.5 21.0 4.9 0.9 - 6.2 8.0 9m 26.7 22.5 15.4 3.6 0.7 - 5.6 7.6
10m 32.6 29.6 20.8 4.7 0.8 - 6.9 8.7 10m 27.7 22.8 14.9 3.4 0.6 - 6.2 8.3
11m 34.3 30.5 20.3 4.3 0.7 - 7.5 9.4 11m 28.5 23.0 14.3 3.1 0.6 - 6.8 9.0
12m 35.9 31.1 19.6 3.9 0.6 - 8.2 10.1 12m 29.2 23.0 13.6 2.8 0.5 - 7.4 9.7

Payers Total Pickup (Strike - Spot) (bp) Receivers Total Pickup (Strike - Spot) (bp)
Swap Tenor Swap Tenor
1y 2y 3y 5y 7y 10y 20Y 30Y 1y 2y 3y 5y 7y 10y 20Y 30Y
1m 8.0 6.4 3.2 -4.1 -4.8 -3.8 -0.7 0.2 1m 9.8 11.0 10.8 7.5 5.4 3.8 3.2 3.1
2m 10.7 7.3 1.7 -8.6 -9.4 -7.7 -2.4 -0.7 2m 14.3 16.9 17.8 13.7 10.5 7.7 5.8 5.5
3m 13.2 8.2 0.5 -12.9 -13.7 -11.3 -4.0 -1.5 3m 18.4 22.3 24.2 19.7 15.1 11.3 8.3 7.9
4m 15.1 8.2 -1.7 -17.6 -18.2 -14.8 -5.4 -2.2 4m 22.1 27.4 30.0 25.3 19.9 14.8 10.8 10.2
Option Expiry

Option Expiry

5m 16.1 7.0 -5.4 -23.5 -23.2 -18.8 -6.9 -3.0 5m 25.9 32.8 36.5 31.9 25.0 18.8 13.5 12.6
6m 17.1 5.6 -9.4 -29.0 -28.0 -22.6 -8.5 -3.9 6m 29.4 38.0 42.9 38.1 29.9 22.6 16.2 15.0
7m 17.6 4.0 -13.6 -34.6 -32.8 -26.2 -9.9 -4.7 7m 32.8 42.4 48.4 43.7 34.7 26.2 18.9 17.3
8m 17.4 1.0 -19.4 -41.1 -38.0 -30.2 -11.3 -5.6 8m 36.5 47.9 55.1 50.0 39.8 30.2 21.7 19.6
9m 17.3 -2.0 -24.5 -47.3 -43.1 -33.9 -12.6 -6.4 9m 40.1 53.0 60.8 55.8 44.8 33.9 24.5 22.0
10m 16.4 -5.6 -30.9 -54.0 -48.1 -37.9 -14.3 -7.4 10m 43.8 58.1 66.6 62.0 49.6 37.9 27.4 24.4
11m 15.0 -10.1 -37.8 -60.2 -53.1 -41.5 -15.6 -8.2 11m 47.9 63.6 72.4 67.6 54.4 41.5 30.0 26.6
12m 13.3 -14.5 -44.8 -66.9 -58.3 -45.4 -17.1 -9.2 12m 51.8 68.6 78.0 73.6 59.3 45.4 32.8 28.9

Source: Nomura research

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Nomura | Derivative Focus November 26, 2013

EUR Conditional Trade Report

We see in Figure 4 the EUR Conditional Trade report, starting with the carry for each
given forward (1m to 12m forwards for a variety of major tenors). We follow with Payers
Moneyness, Payers Total Pickup, and the corresponding Receivers Moneyness and
Receivers Total Pickup.
Some simple observations:
 Carry plateaus from 3y to 7y, so very front end flatteners have positive
carry and from 7Y onwards, steepeners have positive carry. Receiving the
belly on 2s5s10s, 2s7s10s, 2s5s30s, 2s7s30s, etc. butterfly has positive
carry. We note that the difference in carry in particular leads to some subtle
differences between EUR and USD conditional trades.
 10y tail vols are the richest on the curve (closely followed by the 7y), as
every other tail has a positive spread to them in the moneyness tables (the
second row of tables in Figure 3).
 Conditional Bear Flatteners all have pickup to forwards (as the entry
levels are effectively steeper than forwards and one can benefit from the
vol differential) where both legs are shorter than 10y. If the front leg is 1y to
2y and the back leg 3y to 30y, the bear flattener has positive carry.
 Conditional Bear Steepeners at the long end have positive pickup to
forwards (i.e., from 7y onwards) due to the richness of 7y to10y vols. For
front legs of around 3y to 10y and long legs past 10y, they also have
positive carry due to the peak in carry at the belly of the curve.
 Conditional Bear Tightener Butterflies (short payers on belly, and long
payers on wings) have greater pickups than conditional bear flatteners
where the belly is in 7y to10y. They all have positive carry.
 Conditional Bull Steepeners have a pickup to forwards for the front leg
being 3y or shorter.
 Conditional Bull Flatteners have a pickup to forwards or are flat to
forwards for the front leg being longer than 5y.
 Conditional Bull Tightener Butterflies (long receivers on the belly) have
positive carry if the belly is between 2y and 7y, in part due to the large
carry pickup in that area.

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Nomura | Derivative Focus November 26, 2013

Fig. 4: Conditional EUR Curve Trades 25-Nov-11

EUR Yield Curve Carry (Fwd - Spot) (bp)

Swap Tenor Example : 3m5y
1y 2y 3y 5y 7y 10y 20Y 30Y
Spot Receiver Strike Forward Payer Strike
1m 1.0 1.9 2.8 3.5 3.4 2.7 1.3 0.9
2m 1.5 3.8 5.6 6.7 6.4 5.4 2.6 1.8 1.18
1.17 Receiver
3m 2.2 5.5 8.1 9.8 9.3 7.9 3.9 2.7 1.16 Payer 1.16 Moneyness

Pickup = 11.03bp
Payer Total Pickup
4m 2.9 7.5 10.8 12.9 12.3 10.3 5.1 3.6 Moneyness 1.15 =1.20bp

Receiver Total
Option Expiry

1.14 =1.48bp
5m 4.1 9.9 14.0 16.6 15.7 13.2 6.5 4.6

3m5y (%)

Carry=9.83bp
= 8.35bp
6m 5.1 12.2 17.1 19.9 18.7 15.7 7.7 5.4 1.12
7m 6.3 14.6 20.2 23.3 21.9 18.3 9.0 6.3
1.10
8m 7.8 17.6 23.9 27.0 25.1 21.0 10.2 7.2
9m 9.2 20.3 27.0 30.4 28.3 23.6 11.5 8.2 1.08
10m 11.0 23.3 30.7 34.3 31.7 26.4 12.9 9.2 1.06 1.06
11m 13.1 26.6 34.2 37.8 34.8 28.9 14.0 10.0
12m 15.0 29.5 37.7 41.2 38.1 31.5 15.4 10.9 1.04

Payers Moneyness (Fwd - Strike) (bp) Receivers Moneyness (Strike - Fwd) (bp)
Swap Tenor Swap Tenor
1y 2y 3y 5y 7y 10y 20Y 30Y 1y 2y 3y 5y 7y 10y 20Y 30Y
1m 5.8 4.6 2.7 0.9 0.4 - 0.5 0.5 1m 5.4 4.0 2.3 0.8 0.4 - 0.4 0.5
2m 8.7 7.0 4.2 1.2 0.5 - 0.9 0.9 2m 7.9 5.9 3.5 1.0 0.5 - 0.9 0.9
3m 11.6 9.4 5.8 1.5 0.6 - 1.5 1.5 3m 10.3 7.8 4.6 1.2 0.5 - 1.4 1.5
4m 13.7 11.0 6.9 1.7 0.7 - 1.8 2.1 4m 12.0 8.9 5.3 1.3 0.6 - 1.7 2.1
Option Expiry

Option Expiry
5m 15.8 12.6 8.0 1.9 0.8 - 2.3 2.7 5m 13.5 9.9 6.0 1.5 0.6 - 2.1 2.7
6m 17.8 14.0 9.0 2.1 0.9 - 2.7 3.4 6m 14.9 10.8 6.7 1.6 0.7 - 2.5 3.3
7m 19.5 15.1 9.6 2.2 0.9 - 3.0 3.8 7m 16.0 11.4 7.1 1.7 0.7 - 2.7 3.8
8m 21.0 16.0 10.2 2.3 0.9 - 3.3 4.3 8m 16.9 12.0 7.4 1.7 0.7 - 3.0 4.2
9m 22.4 16.8 10.6 2.3 1.0 - 3.6 4.7 9m 17.7 12.4 7.7 1.8 0.8 - 3.3 4.6
10m 23.7 17.4 10.9 2.3 0.9 - 3.9 5.1 10m 18.3 12.8 7.9 1.7 0.7 - 3.5 4.9
11m 24.8 17.9 11.1 2.2 0.9 - 4.1 5.4 11m 18.8 13.1 8.0 1.7 0.7 - 3.7 5.1
12m 25.7 18.3 11.2 2.1 0.8 - 4.3 5.6 12m 19.2 13.3 8.0 1.6 0.6 - 3.9 5.4

Payers Total Pickup (Strike - Spot) (bp) Receivers Total Pickup (Strike - Spot) (bp)
Swap Tenor Swap Tenor
1y 2y 3y 5y 7y 10y 20Y 30Y 1y 2y 3y 5y 7y 10y 20Y 30Y
1m 4.8 2.6 -0.1 -2.7 -3.0 -2.7 -0.8 -0.4 1m 6.3 6.0 5.1 4.3 3.7 2.7 1.7 1.4
2m 7.1 3.2 -1.3 -5.5 -5.9 -5.4 -1.7 -0.9 2m 9.4 9.7 9.1 7.7 6.9 5.4 3.5 2.7
3m 9.4 3.9 -2.3 -8.3 -8.7 -7.9 -2.4 -1.2 3m 12.5 13.3 12.8 11.0 9.8 7.9 5.3 4.3
4m 10.8 3.5 -3.9 -11.2 -11.6 -10.3 -3.2 -1.5 4m 14.9 16.4 16.1 14.2 12.9 10.3 6.8 5.7
Option Expiry

Option Expiry

5m 11.8 2.7 -6.0 -14.7 -14.9 -13.2 -4.2 -1.9 5m 17.6 19.9 20.1 18.1 16.3 13.2 8.6 7.3
6m 12.7 1.8 -8.2 -17.8 -17.8 -15.7 -5.0 -2.1 6m 20.0 23.0 23.8 21.5 19.4 15.7 10.2 8.8
7m 13.2 0.4 -10.6 -21.1 -21.0 -18.3 -6.0 -2.5 7m 22.3 26.1 27.3 25.0 22.6 18.3 11.7 10.1
8m 13.2 -1.6 -13.7 -24.7 -24.2 -21.0 -6.9 -2.9 8m 24.7 29.5 31.3 28.7 25.9 21.0 13.2 11.4
9m 13.2 -3.5 -16.4 -28.1 -27.3 -23.6 -7.9 -3.5 9m 26.9 32.7 34.8 32.2 29.0 23.6 14.8 12.8
10m 12.6 -5.9 -19.8 -32.0 -30.8 -26.4 -9.0 -4.1 10m 29.4 36.1 38.6 36.0 32.4 26.4 16.4 14.0
11m 11.7 -8.6 -23.2 -35.5 -34.0 -28.9 -9.9 -4.6 11m 31.9 39.6 42.2 39.4 35.5 28.9 17.8 15.1
12m 10.6 -11.2 -26.5 -39.1 -37.3 -31.5 -11.0 -5.3 12m 34.3 42.8 45.7 42.8 38.7 31.5 19.3 16.3

Source: Nomura research

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Nomura | Derivative Focus November 26, 2013

Appendix: Using the tables – easy peasy

Our method is exceptionally simple. Given that the10y is always ATMF and we have
chosen to scale the notionals and PVs uniformly, we have now a very simple way to
identify conditional trades. We will now be able to eyeball conditional trades merely by
considering which columns we want to subtract from each other.

Fig. 5: Conditional EUR Bear Flattener Pickup to Forwards

Just the difference of two numbers

EUR 6m 2s10s Bear Flattener- Long 6m2y short 6m10y

gives 14.0bp - 0.0bp = 14.0bp pickup to f orwards

Payers Moneyness (Fwd - Strike) (bp)

Swap Tenor
1y 2y 3y 5y 7y 10y 20Y 30Y
1m 5.8 4.6 2.7 0.9 0.4 - 0.5 0.5
2m 8.7 7.0 4.2 1.2 0.5 - 0.9 0.9
3m 11.6 9.4 5.8 1.5 0.6 - 1.5 1.5
4m 13.7 11.0 6.9 1.7 0.7 - 1.8 2.1
Option Expiry

5m 15.8 12.6 8.0 1.9 0.8 - 2.3 2.7

6m 17.8 14.0 9.0 2.1 0.9 - 2.7 3.4
7m 19.5 15.1 9.6 2.2 0.9 - 3.0 3.8
8m 21.0 16.0 10.2 2.3 0.9 - 3.3 4.3
9m 22.4 16.8 10.6 2.3 1.0 - 3.6 4.7
10m 23.7 17.4 10.9 2.3 0.9 - 3.9 5.1
11m 24.8 17.9 11.1 2.2 0.9 - 4.1 5.4
12m 25.7 18.3 11.2 2.1 0.8 - 4.3 5.6

EUR 9m 1s7s Bear Flattener - Long 9m1y short 9m7y

gives 22.4bp - 1.0bp = 21.5bp pickup to f orwards

Source: Nomura research

For instance, in Figure 5, we see two trades: a EUR 6m 2s10s conditional bear flattener,
which involves buying the 6m2y payer and selling the 6m10y payer. The pickup to
forwards is merely 14bp – 0bp, meaning that the 10y strike is ATMF and the 2y strike is
ATMF-14bp, i.e., an entry point 14bp steeper than the 6m forwards.
Correspondingly, we see in Figure 5 the EUR 9m 1s7s conditional bear flattener, which
involves buying 9m1y payers ATMF-22.4bp and selling 9m7y payers ATMF-1bp, i.e., at
an entry point of 22.4bp – 1.0bp or 21.5bp steeper than forwards (given small rounding
errors). As we can see in Figures 1 and 2, these pickups to forwards are easily found
merely by subtracting two numbers. Purists may complain that neither option is ATMF in
this example. At the same time, we need not separately analyse every spread
combination.
If we use the yield curve carry or corresponding payers or receivers total pickup, we will
similarly be able to subtract two entries in the same row to get the pickup of a given
expiry conditional bear flattener (or similarly using the Receivers tables, a conditional bull
steepener).
Conditional butterflies are similarly easy, as we see in Figure 6. To get the moneyness or
total pickup of a EUR 6m 3s7s30s conditional bear tightener butterfly (effectively long the
belly in swaps, which is has a similar behaviour to putting on a flattener, often for a better
pickup to forwards), we only have to scale the corresponding belly entry by -2 and add
the entries for wings. We perform a calculation of total pickup this time, where the 6m
expiry 3s10s30s can be seen to be put on at 6m3y at Spot - 8.2bp, 6m7y at Spot -
17.8bp, 6m30y at Spot - 2.1bp, leaving a total pickup of -8.2 + 2*(-17.8) - 2.1 = 25.4bp, a
total positive carry for this bearish fly. Notionals are effectively dv01-neutral and 50-50

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Nomura | Derivative Focus November 26, 2013

weighted. We can see that the conditional butterfly has a greater total pickup (and
greater moneyness) than the corresponding conditional 3s10s flattener, making it
somewhat more attractive.

Fig. 6: Conditional EUR Bear Flies

Simple as adding three numbers
Payers Total Pickup (Strike - Spot) (bp)
Swap Tenor
1y 2y 3y 5y 7y 10y 20Y 30Y
1m 4.8 2.6 -0.1 -2.7 -3.0 -2.7 -0.8 -0.4
2m 7.1 3.2 -1.3 -5.5 -5.9 -5.4 -1.7 -0.9
3m 9.4 3.9 -2.3 -8.3 -8.7 -7.9 -2.4 -1.2
4m 10.8 3.5 -3.9 -11.2 -11.6 -10.3 -3.2 -1.5
Option Expiry

5m 11.8 2.7 -6.0 -14.7 -14.9 -13.2 -4.2 -1.9

6m 12.7 1.8 -8.2 -17.8 -17.8 -15.7 -5.0 -2.1
7m 13.2 0.4 -10.6 -21.1 -21.0 -18.3 -6.0 -2.5
8m 13.2 -1.6 -13.7 -24.7 -24.2 -21.0 -6.9 -2.9
9m 13.2 -3.5 -16.4 -28.1 -27.3 -23.6 -7.9 -3.5
10m 12.6 -5.9 -19.8 -32.0 -30.8 -26.4 -9.0 -4.1
11m 11.7 -8.6 -23.2 -35.5 -34.0 -28.9 -9.9 -4.6
12m 10.6 -11.2 -26.5 -39.1 -37.3 -31.5 -11.0 -5.3

EUR 6m 3s7s30s bear tightener f ly (i.e., sell payer on

belly, buy payers on wings) total pickup is (-8.2)bp -
2*(-17.8)bp + (-2.1)bp = 25.4bp

Source: Nomura research

Additivity is only possible in any given row, and we have not made any attempt to look at
calendar spreads or other trades with multiple expiries in this report.

How it’s done

We justify the use of the tables quite simply. The method is to take a $10m notional for
the 10y and for every other tenor, we choose a scaled notional, i.e., $10m multiplied by
the ratio of dv01s of 10y to the respective dv01, as we see in Figure 5. For the 10y
swaption, we price an ATMF option and get the PV. For the other tails, we adjust the
strikes so that they have the same PV as the corresponding 10y swaption. The
moneyness of the underlying swaption is reported in the corresponding Moneyness table
(e.g., in Figures 1 and 2) and similarly for the yield curve carry and total pickup.

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Nomura | Derivative Focus November 26, 2013

Fig. 7: How it is done: keep 10y ATMF, scale notionals and PVs
Pickups are just additive in the end
6m Expiry 1y 2y 3y 5y 7y 10y 20Y 30Y
Spot 0.27 0.38 0.64 1.45 2.15 2.80 3.57 3.74
Fwd 0.34 0.56 0.93 1.79 2.44 3.03 3.69 3.84
Swap PV01 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.9 6.6 9.0 15.0 19.0
Notional traded 90,414,841 45,234,884 30,305,079 18,529,281 13,604,458 10,000,000 6,000,245 4,753,810

Payers Strike 0.10 0.32 0.74 1.74 2.43 ATMF 3.65 3.78
PV 219,394 219,394 219,394 219,394 219,394 219,394 219,394 219,394
Moneyness 24.3 23.6 18.9 5.2 1.1 0.0 4.1 5.7
Yield Curve Carry (Fwd - Spot) 7.2 18.0 28.4 34.2 29.1 22.6 12.6 9.6
Total pickup 17.1 5.6 -9.4 -29.0 -28.0 -22.6 -8.5 -3.9
Receivers Strike 0.56 0.76 1.07 1.83 2.45 ATMF 3.73 3.89
PV 219,394 219,394 219,394 219,394 219,394 219,394 219,394 219,394
Moneyness 22.2 20.0 14.5 3.8 0.8 0.0 3.6 5.4
Yield Curve Carry (Fwd - Spot) 7.2 18.0 28.4 34.2 29.1 22.6 12.6 9.6
Total pickup 29.4 38.0 42.9 38.1 29.9 22.6 16.2 15.0

Source: Nomura research

And, as we can tell the corresponding moneyness and carry and total pickup tables are
now all additive. They are normalized for swaptions with underlying 10y swap being
ATMF for ease, and obviously do not capture skew in all its detail. But we view this as a
first stage in identifying interesting conditional trades, allowing us to look at a single table
and eyeball all conditional curve trades in one fell swoop.
We plan to reproduce this report on a biweekly basis in exactly this same form,
highlighting any major changes that have taken place in the intervening weeks.

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Nomura | Derivative Focus November 26, 2013

Appendix A-1
Analyst Certification
I, Nick Firoozye, hereby certify (1) that the views expressed in this Research report accurately reflect my personal views about
any or all of the subject securities or issuers referred to in this Research report, (2) no part of my compensation was, is or will be
directly or indirectly related to the specific recommendations or views expressed in this Research report and (3) no part of my
compensation is tied to any specific investment banking transactions performed by Nomura Securities International, Inc.,
Nomura International plc or any other Nomura Group company.

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The analysts responsible for preparing this report have received compensation based upon various factors including the firm's total revenues, a
portion of which is generated by Investment Banking activities. Unless otherwise noted, the non-US analysts listed at the front of this report are
not registered/qualified as research analysts under FINRA/NYSE rules, may not be associated persons of NSI, and may not be subject to
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