This document provides a summary of pumps and compressors. It discusses how pumps increase the total energy of a liquid in the form of pressure increase using Bernoulli's principle. It classifies pumps into centrifugal and reciprocating pumps. Centrifugal pumps use centrifugal force to push liquid outward from an impeller eye, increasing pressure. Reciprocating pumps use pistons to displace liquid through suction and discharge valves. The document also discusses how compressors increase gas pressure by reducing volume, and types include reciprocating and centrifugal compressors. Centrifugal compressors impart kinetic energy using an impeller to convert it to pressure energy. Surge can occur if maximum pressure is reached, causing flow reversal.
This document provides a summary of pumps and compressors. It discusses how pumps increase the total energy of a liquid in the form of pressure increase using Bernoulli's principle. It classifies pumps into centrifugal and reciprocating pumps. Centrifugal pumps use centrifugal force to push liquid outward from an impeller eye, increasing pressure. Reciprocating pumps use pistons to displace liquid through suction and discharge valves. The document also discusses how compressors increase gas pressure by reducing volume, and types include reciprocating and centrifugal compressors. Centrifugal compressors impart kinetic energy using an impeller to convert it to pressure energy. Surge can occur if maximum pressure is reached, causing flow reversal.
This document provides a summary of pumps and compressors. It discusses how pumps increase the total energy of a liquid in the form of pressure increase using Bernoulli's principle. It classifies pumps into centrifugal and reciprocating pumps. Centrifugal pumps use centrifugal force to push liquid outward from an impeller eye, increasing pressure. Reciprocating pumps use pistons to displace liquid through suction and discharge valves. The document also discusses how compressors increase gas pressure by reducing volume, and types include reciprocating and centrifugal compressors. Centrifugal compressors impart kinetic energy using an impeller to convert it to pressure energy. Surge can occur if maximum pressure is reached, causing flow reversal.
This document provides a summary of pumps and compressors. It discusses how pumps increase the total energy of a liquid in the form of pressure increase using Bernoulli's principle. It classifies pumps into centrifugal and reciprocating pumps. Centrifugal pumps use centrifugal force to push liquid outward from an impeller eye, increasing pressure. Reciprocating pumps use pistons to displace liquid through suction and discharge valves. The document also discusses how compressors increase gas pressure by reducing volume, and types include reciprocating and centrifugal compressors. Centrifugal compressors impart kinetic energy using an impeller to convert it to pressure energy. Surge can occur if maximum pressure is reached, causing flow reversal.
Chemical Engineering Graduate – Alexandria University Pumps Function: Pump is used to increase the total energy content of a liquid in the form of pressure increase. Pumps Function: Pump is used to increase the total energy content of a liquid in the form of pressure increase. Pumps Function: Pump is used to increase the total energy content of a liquid in the form of pressure increase. Pumps Bernoulli’s Principle
Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in
the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure. Pumps Bernoulli’s Principle
Means that, for any fluid at any point,
there are three forms of energy. 1. Kinetic energy: Energy that the fluid has due to its motion (velocity). 2. Potential energy: Energy that the fluid has due to its position (elevation). 3. Pressure energy: Energy that the fluid has due to the applied pressure (force/unit area). Pumps Bernoulli’s Principle - Daily life observation When you stand on the side of highway road and a heavy truck passed in a high speed, you will feel that you are getting pulled towards the truck.
This is because at a certain point
there is a high velocity (high kinetic energy), according to Bernoulli’s principle, Pressure energy is reduced at this point that creates a sort of suction at this point. Pumps Classification of pumps Pumps Centrifugal Pump Pumps Centrifugal Pump Pumps Centrifugal Pump – Working Principle
The mechanical energy of the
rotating shaft is converted to kinetic energy to the impeller, The liquid is forced from the center to the outside of the impeller.
Centrifugal force pushes the liquid
outward from the suction eye.
Suction eye Pumps Centrifugal Pump Low-pressure zone
As centrifugal force moves the liquid
away from the impeller eye, a low- pressure area (zone) is formed in the suction eye. This low pressure area in the suction eye causes liquid to flow into the suction eye.
This is why priming is necessary by
filling the pump with liquid before operation. Pumps Centrifugal Pump - Bypass line for priming (P&ID) Pumps Centrifugal Pump
As centrifugal force pushes the liquid
outward from the suction eye, the sectional area (through where the fluid passes) increases. So velocity deceases (Kinetic energy decreases) and according to Bernoulli’s principle, Pressure energy increases Pumps Centrifugal Pump Liquid enters the pump casing when it leaves the outer edge of the impeller. When the liquid enters the casing, speed decreases, as the speed of the liquid decreases, its pressure increases.
As shown in impeller, the
sectional area through the casing increases. Pumps Centrifugal Pump Pumps Centrifugal Pump Pumps Centrifugal Pump - CAVITATION
When a liquid enters a pump, its velocity increases
causing a reduction in pressure within the pumping unit. If this pressure falls too low, some of liquid will vaporize, forming bubbles entrained in the liquid. These bubbles collapse violently as they move to areas of higher pressure. The formation and sudden collapse of these bubbles is called Cavitation. Pumps Centrifugal Pump - CAVITATION Pumps Centrifugal Pump - CAVITATION Pumps Reciprocating Pump
Liquid enters the cylinder through
suction valves on the back stroke and is displaced through discharge valves on the forward stroke.
The cylinder valves act like check
valves, permitting flow only in one direction. Pressure difference control the action of the valves. Pumps Reciprocating Pump Pumps Reciprocating Pump Double acting To reduce PULSATION Compressors Function: A gas compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume.
Compressors are prime movers of gas and air in process
industries. They are used to increase static pressure of the gas and deliver it at specified pressure and flow rate in a process application. Compressors Types of compressors: 1. Reciprocating Compressors 2. Centrifugal Compressors Compressors Reciprocating Compressor: Compressors Centrifugal Compressor: Imparting Kinetic Energy to the fluid in impeller and conversion of this energy into pressure energy by decreasing speed in Diffuser. Compressors SURGE: Maximum head and minimum flow capacity is reached
If maximum head capacity is
reached, then pressure in diffuser will be greater than pressure at impeller outlet.
This will prevent fluid from
moving further at impeller outlet and causes the fluid in diffuser to flow back, i.e. flow reversal takes place. Compressors SURGE: Maximum head and minimum flow capacity is reached Compressors SURGE: Compressors ANTI SURGE: Questions ?