Angeles University Foundation

Angeles City

Character Formation with Leadership,

Decision-making, Management
and Administration

Submitted by: Libardo, John Cint E.

BS Criminology 1-A
Submitted to: Mrs. Marlene M. Salangad

WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?
 Management includes all those people who are concerned with managing an
organization. It is sum of organized activities by a group of people. Management involves
decision making at various levels of organization for getting things done by others. It is
both science as well as an art, because the fundamentals of management are same
everywhere but the practices differ.

 Management is essential for an organized life and necessary to run all types of
management. Good management is the backbone of successful organizations. Managing
life means getting things done to achieve life’s objectives and managing an organization
means getting things done with and through other people to achieve its objectives.

 Management is a set of principles relating to the functions of planning, organizing,

directing and controlling, and the application of these principles in harnessing physical,
financial, human and informational resources efficiently and effectively to achieve
organizational goals.

 Management is a distinct process consisting of planning, organizing, activating and

controlling to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use of people and
resources.

Management
Management is

includes all
those people who are
concerned with
managing an
organization. It is a sum
of organized activities by
a
 group of people.
Management involves
decision
making at various
levels of organization
for getting
things done by others. It
is both science as well as
an
art, because the
fundamentals of
management are
same everywhere but the
practices differ.
  Management
includes all
 those people who
are concerned with
managing an
 organization. It is a
sum of organized
activities by a
 group of people.
Management involves
decision
 making at various
levels of
organization for
getting
  things done by
others. It is both
science as well as an
 art, because the
fundamentals of
management are
 same everywhere but
the practices differ.
 Management
includes all
 those people who
are concerned with
managing an
 organization. It is a
sum of organized
activities by a
 group of people.
Management involves
decision
 making at various
levels of
organization for
getting
 things done by
others. It is both
science as well as an
  art, because the
fundamentals of
management are
 same everywhere but
the practices diff

WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OR FEATURES OF
MANAGEMENT?

1. Management is goal oriented process:

Management always aims at achieving the organizational objectives. The functions and activities
of manager lead to the achievement of organizational objectives. It motivates all the employees
and organize all the resources keeping in mind the main target of selling 1000 computers.

2. Management is Pervasive:
Management is a universal phenomenon. The use of management is not restricted to business
firms only it is applicable in profit-making, non-profit-making, business or non-business
organizations; even a hospital, school, club and house has to be managed properly.

3. Management is Multidimensional:
Management does not mean one single activity but it includes three main activities.

4. Management is a continuous process:

Management is a continuous or never-ending function. All the functions of management are
performed continuously, for example planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling are
performed by all the managers all the time. Sometimes, they are doing planning, then staffing or
organizing etc. Managers perform ongoing series of functions continuously in the organization.

5. Management is a dynamic function:

Management has to make changes in goal, objectives and other activities according to changes
taking place in the environment. The external environment such as social, economic, technical
and political environment has great influence over the management.

6. Intangible:
Management function cannot be physically seen but its presence can be felt. The presence of
management can be felt by seeing the orderliness and coordination in the working environment.
It is easier to feel the presence of mismanagement as it leads to chaos and confusion in the
organization.

7. Composite process:
Management consists of series of functions which must be performed in a proper sequence.
These functions are not independent of each other.

8. Balancing effectiveness and efficiency:

Effectiveness means achieving targets and objectives on time. Efficiency refers to optimum or
best utilization of resources. Managements always try to balance both and get the work done
successfully. Only effectiveness and only efficiency is not enough for an organization: a balance
must be created in both.

WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS?

 PLANNING
 Planning means to decide in advance what is to be done. It charts a course of
actions for the future.
 It is an intellectual process and it aims to achieve a coordinated and consistent
set of operations aimed at desired objectives.

 ORGANIZING
 Once the objectives have been established through planning, management concern
must turn to developing an organization that is capable of carrying them out. The
management function of organizing can be defined as, relating people and things
to each other in such a way that they are all combined and interrelated into a unit
capable of being directed toward the organizational objectives.

 STAFFING
  Staffing is the selection, training, motivating and retaining of personnel in the
organization. Before selection we have to make analysis of the particular job,
which is required in the organization., then comes the selection of the personnel.
It involves manpower planning to have the right person in the right place and
avoid square peg in the round hole.

 DIRECTING
 Directing means the issue of orders, assignments and instructions that permit the
subordinate to understand what is expected of him, and the guidance and
overseeing of the subordinate so that he can contribute effectively and efficiently
to the attainment of organizational objectives.
 COMMANDING
 When given orders and clear working instructions, employees will know exactly
what is required of them. Return from all employees will be optimized if they are
given concrete instructions with respect to the activities that must be carried out
by them. Successful managers have integrity, communicate clearly and base their
decisions on regular audits. They are capable of motivating a team and
encouraging employees to take initiative.

 COORDINATING
 It is the act of synchronizing people and activities so that they function smoothly
in the attainment of organization objectives. Coordination is more important in the
health services organization, because functionally they are departmentalized.
Different kinds of organization require different amount of coordination.

 CONTROLLING

 By verifying whether everything is going according to plan, the organization

knows exactly whether the activities are carried out in conformity with the plan.

Control takes place in a four-step process:

1. Establish performance standards based on organizational objectives

2. Measure and report on actual performance
3. Compare results with performance and standards
4. Take corrective or preventive measures as needed

 REPORTING
 Reports are oral or written exchanges of information shared between caregivers or
workers in a number of ways.
  A report summarizes the services of the person, personnel and of the agency.
Reports are written usually daily, weekly, monthly or yearly.

 BUDGETING
 Budgeting, though primarily recognized as a device for controlling, becomes a
major part of the planning process in any organization. It is expressed in financial
terms and based on expected income and expenditure. Budget is the heart of
administrative management.
 It served as a powerful tool of coordination and negatively an effective device of
eliminating duplicating and wastage.

WHAT IS SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT?

 Scientific Management is a scientific selection and training of employees leads to better
workforce which ensures increase in efficiency. Its main objective was improving economic
efficiency, especially labor productivity by analyzing and establishing workflow processes.
Scientific Management’s themes include analysis, synthesis, logic, rationality, empiricism,
work ethic, efficiency and elimination of waste, standardization of best practices and others.

 Scientific management refers to that kind of management which conducts a business or

affairs by standards established by facts or truths gained through systematic observation,
experiment, or reasoning.

 There are four principles in scientific management:

1. Adopt scientific measurements to break jobs into series of small, related tasks and develop
a standard time for each task.

2. Use systematic methods for selecting workers and training them for specific jobs.

3. Establish clear division of responsibility between management and workers, where

management sets goals, plans, and supervises, and the workers execute the required tasks.

4. Establish a discipline where management sets the objectives and the workers cooperate in
achieving them.
DESCRIBE A GOOD MANAGER OR A MANAGER OF STRONG CHARACTER
 FAIR TREATMENT

Managers who value fair treatment will allocate tasks and set schedules keeping in mind
people’s capacity and development goals. They acknowledge good work. They build a
diverse and inclusive team and encourage diversity of thought.

 VISION AND GOAL SETTING

A manager ensures the vision and strategy of the organization is translated into an
actionable vision and strategy for the team. They help people understand how their role
contributes to the organization’s success.

 FOSTERS INNOVATION
Managers who foster innovation empower their teams to make decisions and learn from
failures and achievements. They don’t micromanage people. They encourage innovative
ideas and approaches and help people to implement them.

 COMMUNICATING
Managers who are great communicators are good listeners. They allow time for others to
speak. They have a clear understanding of the organization’s vision and share it with the
people in their team in a way that motivates them. They keep their team up-to-date on
what’s happening in the organization.

 CARING
Managers who are caring take time to get to know the individuals in their team. They’re
genuinely interested in people’s success and personal well-being and show this by
regularly checking in with people on how they’re going both at work and outside work.

ALSO:
 Good managers know how to combine available resources for the right outcome.
 Good managers may not always be the best at doing the individual technical tasks, but
they look at the total operation and know how to direct and delegate to accomplish the
right end result.
 A good manager is a combination of coach, teacher, financier, engineer, architect, and
record keeper.
 Good managers have the people skills necessary to inspire those they supervise to put
forth the effort to accomplish desired goals.
 Good managers know how to make sure their employees have the knowledge, skills and
tools to get the task done.
 Good managers recognize their mistakes, are accountable for their actions, and are
willing to change their thinking based on better information.
 Good managers continually analyze and evaluate situations and make the best decisions
they can with the most current information available.