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    NU - Lecture 4 FLUID FLOW MEASUREMENT PDF

    Uploaded by

    Harold Roinan Beñabon
    1. This document discusses various flow measurement devices and the application of Bernoulli's equation to flow measurements. It describes pitot tubes, venturimeters, nozzles, and orifice meters. 2. Formulas are derived for calculating velocity and flow using each device based on principles like continuity, energy, and manometry. Coefficients are introduced to account for real fluid behavior compared to theoretical calculations. 3. Examples are provided to demonstrate using the formulas and coefficients to solve problems involving flow rate, velocity, range of fluid jets, and pressure differences measured using various flow measurement devices.

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    NU - Lecture 4 FLUID FLOW MEASUREMENT PDF

    Uploaded by

    Harold Roinan Beñabon
    270 views2 pages
    1. This document discusses various flow measurement devices and the application of Bernoulli's equation to flow measurements. It describes pitot tubes, venturimeters, nozzles, and orifice meters. 2. Formulas are derived for calculating velocity and flow using each device based on principles like continuity, energy, and manometry. Coefficients are introduced to account for real fluid behavior compared to theoretical calculations. 3. Examples are provided to demonstrate using the formulas and coefficients to solve problems involving flow rate, velocity, range of fluid jets, and pressure differences measured using various flow measurement devices.

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    1. This document discusses various flow measurement devices and the application of Bernoulli's equation to flow measurements. It describes pitot tubes, venturimeters, nozzles, and orifice meters. 2. Formulas are derived for calculating velocity and flow using each device based on principles like continuity, energy, and manometry. Coefficients are introduced to account for real fluid behavior compared to theoretical calculations. 3. Examples are provided to demonstrate using the formulas and coefficients to solve problems involving flow rate, velocity, range of fluid jets, and pressure differences measured using various flow measurement devices.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    270 views2 pages

    NU - Lecture 4 FLUID FLOW MEASUREMENT PDF

    Uploaded by

    Harold Roinan Beñabon
    1. This document discusses various flow measurement devices and the application of Bernoulli's equation to flow measurements. It describes pitot tubes, venturimeters, nozzles, and orifice meters. 2. Formulas are derived for calculating velocity and flow using each device based on principles like continuity, energy, and manometry. Coefficients are introduced to account for real fluid behavior compared to theoretical calculations. 3. Examples are provided to demonstrate using the formulas and coefficients to solve problems involving flow rate, velocity, range of fluid jets, and pressure differences measured using various flow measurement devices.

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    HYDRAULICS

    Lecture 4. Fluid Flow Measurements


    Learning Objectives.
    After this lesson, students should be able to
    1. Understand the application of Bernoulli’s Energy 𝟐𝒈𝑯
    𝒗𝟐 =
    Equation in flow measurements. √ 𝒅 𝟒
    𝟏 − ( 𝟐)
    2. Familiarize with the differerent flow measuring 𝒅𝟏
    devices and discuss how these are used in Where:
    determining fluid properties. H= energy heads producing flow
    3. Derive the fomulas for each flow measuring devices ∆𝑃
    𝐻 = ∆𝑧 +
    for the calculation of other unkown fluid properties. 𝛾
    4. Use the derived equations in solving flow ∆𝑧 = 𝑧1 − 𝑧2
    measurement related problems. 𝑃 𝑃1 𝑃2
    ∆ = −
    𝛾 𝛾 𝛾
    Required Knowledge in:
    1. Continuity Equation 3. NOZZLE
    2. Bernoulli’s Energy Equation
    It is a device installed or connected at the end of the
    3. Principle of Manometry
    pipe or hose for the purpose of increasing the velocity
    4. Projectile Motion
    of the issuing jet.

    1. PITOT TUBE
    It is a device used for measuring the velocity of flow at
    any point in a pipe or a channel. It is based on the principle that if
    the velocity of flow at a point becomes zero, the pressure there
    is increased due to the conversion of the kinetic energy into
    pressure energy. In its simplest form, the pitot-tube consists of a
    glass bent at right angles as shown:

    𝒗𝟏 = √𝟐𝒈(𝒉𝟐 − 𝒉𝟏 )
    But ∆𝒉 = 𝒉𝟐 − 𝒉𝟏 4. ORIFICE METER
    Thus, 𝒗𝟏 = √𝟐𝒈∆𝒉 It is a small opening of any cross section (such as
    circular, triangular, rectangular etc.) on the side or at the bottom
    of a tank, through which a fluid is flowing.
    2. VENTURIMETER
    It is a device used for measuring the rate of a flow of
    a fluid flowing through a pipe. It consists of converging
    part, throat and diverging pipe.

    𝟐𝒈𝑯
    𝒗𝒐 =
    √ 𝒅𝒐 𝟒
    𝟏−( )
    𝒅𝒑

    Hydraulics Leselle C. Quitaneg


    3. In a test to determine the discharge coefficient of a 2”
    HYDRAULIC COEFFICIENTS by ½” venturimeter, the total weight of water passing
    through the meter in 5 mins was 768 lbs. A mercury-
    water differential gage connected to the inlet and
    Coefficient of Discharge, Cd
    throat showed an average mercury difference of 1.18
    Also called meter coefficient. ft. Determine the meter coefficient.
    𝑸𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍
    𝑪𝒅 = = 𝑪𝒄 𝑪𝒗
    𝑸𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍

    Coefficient of velocity, Cv
    𝒗𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒗𝒋𝒆𝒕
    𝑪𝒗 = =
    𝒗𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒗𝒐

    Coefficient of contraction, Cc
    𝟐 4. A 2” circular orifice (not standard) at the end of the 3-
    𝑨𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝑨𝒋𝒆𝒕 𝒅𝒋𝒆𝒕 in diameter pipe shown in the figure discharges into
    𝑪𝒄 = = =( ) the atmosphere a measured flow of 0.6 cfs of water
    𝑨𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑨𝒐 𝒅𝒐
    when the pressure in the pipe is 10 psi. The jet velocity
    is determined by a pitot tube to be 39.2 fps. Find the
    device coefficients.
    EXAMPLES.
    1. A 2.5” fire hose discharges water through a nozzle
    having a jet diameter of 1”. The head loss in the nozzle
    is 4% of the velocity head of the jet. If the gage
    pressure at the base of the nozzle is 60 psi, find
    a. the flow in gpm.
    b. Maximum horizontal range to which the stream
    can be thrown, I the fire hose is placed 135 ft
    from the ground.

    2. A mercury-kerosene manometer is connected to a


    pitot-tube as shown. The deflection on the
    manometer is 7 in. Assume specific gravity of
    kerosene is 0.81.
    a. What is the difference in pressures between
    point 1 and point 2?
    b. What is the kerosene velocity in the pipe?
    c. What is the flow rate in the pipe if its diameter
    is 6”?

    Hydraulics Leselle C. Quitaneg

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