This document is a case study submitted by four students - Milan Barot, Krishna Belel, Divyansh Dube, and Manish Gupta - on the topic of "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle" under the guidance of Mrs. Zainab Mizwan. It discusses the 3 R's of waste management - Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. It explains that the waste hierarchy pyramid aims to maximize the use of products and minimize waste. It provides examples of how to reduce waste in daily life, reuse items instead of throwing them out, and send recyclable materials for processing into new products. The case study was submitted to Shree L. R. Tiwari College of
This document is a case study submitted by four students - Milan Barot, Krishna Belel, Divyansh Dube, and Manish Gupta - on the topic of "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle" under the guidance of Mrs. Zainab Mizwan. It discusses the 3 R's of waste management - Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. It explains that the waste hierarchy pyramid aims to maximize the use of products and minimize waste. It provides examples of how to reduce waste in daily life, reuse items instead of throwing them out, and send recyclable materials for processing into new products. The case study was submitted to Shree L. R. Tiwari College of
This document is a case study submitted by four students - Milan Barot, Krishna Belel, Divyansh Dube, and Manish Gupta - on the topic of "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle" under the guidance of Mrs. Zainab Mizwan. It discusses the 3 R's of waste management - Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. It explains that the waste hierarchy pyramid aims to maximize the use of products and minimize waste. It provides examples of how to reduce waste in daily life, reuse items instead of throwing them out, and send recyclable materials for processing into new products. The case study was submitted to Shree L. R. Tiwari College of
This document is a case study submitted by four students - Milan Barot, Krishna Belel, Divyansh Dube, and Manish Gupta - on the topic of "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle" under the guidance of Mrs. Zainab Mizwan. It discusses the 3 R's of waste management - Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. It explains that the waste hierarchy pyramid aims to maximize the use of products and minimize waste. It provides examples of how to reduce waste in daily life, reuse items instead of throwing them out, and send recyclable materials for processing into new products. The case study was submitted to Shree L. R. Tiwari College of
Page 2 of 11 ABSTRACT Waste management (or waste disposal) include the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste, together with monitoring and regulation of the waste management process.
Figure 1. THE 3 R’s LOGO
The waste hierarchy consists of 3 R’s consists of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. Called the “three R’s” of waste management, this waste hierarchy is the guidance suggested for creating a sustainable life. One might be wondering as to how one can incorporate these principles in their daily life. They are not hard to implement. All that is needed is to bring a small change in the daily lifestyle to reduce waste so that less amount of it goes to the landfill that can reduce the carbon footprint.
Page 3 of 11 INTRODUCTION
The waste hierarchy refers to the "3 R’s" Reduce, Reuse and Recycle, which classifies waste management strategies according to their desirability in terms of waste minimisation. The waste hierarchy is the cornerstone of most waste minimisation strategies. The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum amount of end waste, resource recovery. The waste hierarchy is represented as a pyramid because the basic premise is that policies should promote measures to prevent the generation of waste. The next step or preferred action is to seek alternative uses for the waste that has been generated i.e. by re-use. The next is recycling which includes composting. Following this step is material recovery and waste-to-energy. The final action is disposal, in landfills or through incineration without energy recovery. This last step is the final resort for waste which has not been prevented, diverted or recovered. The waste hierarchy represents the progression of a product or material through the sequential stages of the pyramid of waste management. The hierarchy represents the latter parts of the life-cycle for each product.
Figure 2. Waste Hierarchy
Page 4 of 11 THE FIRST ‘R’ – REDUCE Waste minimisation is a set of processes and practices intended to reduce the amount of waste produced. By reducing or eliminating the generation of harmful and persistent wastes, waste minimisation supports efforts to promote a more sustainable society. Waste minimisation involves redesigning products and processes and/or changing societal patterns of consumption and production.
The concept of reducing what is produced and what is consumed is essential to
the waste hierarchy. The logic behind it is simple to understand – if there is less waste, then there is less to recycle or reuse. The process of reducing begins with an examination of what you are using, and what it is used for. There are three simple steps to assessing the reduction value of an item or process –
Is there something else that can be used for this purpose? Using multi-use items is essential to beginning reduction. One example would be a coffeepot and a cappuccino maker. Both of them do distinctly different things, but you can buy a coffeepot that has a steaming attachment on it so it can do both. The purchase of the one item means that you don’t use two. It reduces the amount of production, and the amount of waste packaging material that will be generated.
Is this something that needs to be done? A lot of our waste material comes from items that are considered to be “disposable.” Not in the sense that you use something once and then throw it away, that can actually be a part of environmental responsibility when you are working with medical items – disposable in this sense means whether or not what the item allows you to do has any real meaning or purpose.
Is the item a part of something that you need to do, or want to do in your life? There is a limit to what you need to be prepared for in life. Chances are you won’t need a car that is equipped to handle a sandstorm in the desert. Buying one encourages production, wastes your resources and creates more generative waste than you can imagine. Always make sure that what you consume, or keep in your life as preparation – matches the reality of potential opportunity in your life.
Page 5 of 11 Here are some of things you can do to reduce the waste:
1) Print on both sides of the paper to reduce paper wastage.
2) Use electronic mail to reach out to people instead of sending paper mail.
3) Remove your name from the mailing lists that you no longer want to receive.
4) Use cloth napkins instead of paper napkins.
5) Avoid using disposable plates, spoons, glass, cups and napkins. They add to the problem and result in large amount of waste.
6) Avoid buying items that are over-packaged with foil, paper, and plastic. This excess packaging goes to waste.
7) Buy durable goods that have long warranty. They generally run longer and save landfill space.
Page 6 of 11 THE SECOND ‘R’ – REUSE You may have a box of things you keep that are broken or that you don’t have a use for that you hang on to in-case you find another use for them; or you may find bargains on old furniture or go trash picking and get things that you can refinish – in either case you are working towards reusing the item. Learning to reuse items, or re- purpose them for a use different then what they are intended for is essential in waste hierarchy.
Recoverable materials that are organic in nature, such as plant material, food scraps, and paper products, can be recovered through composting and digestion processes to decompose the organic matter. The resulting organic material is then recycled as mulch or compost for agricultural or landscaping purposes. In addition, waste gas from the process (such as methane) can be captured and used for generating electricity and heat (CHP/cogeneration) maximising efficiencies. The intention of biological processing in waste management is to control and accelerate the natural process of decomposition of organic matter.
You may either reuse those items for your own use or donate so that others can use them. You can reuse below items like:
1) Old jars and pots: Old jars and pots can be used to store items in kitchen. They can also be used to store loose items together such as computer wires.
2) Tyres: Old tyres can either be sent to recycling station or can be used to make tyre- swing.
3) Used wood: Used wood can be used as firewood or can be used woodcrafts.
4) Newspaper: Old newspapers can be used to pack items when you’re planning to move to another home or store old items.
5) Envelopes: Old and waste envelopes can be used by children to make short notes.
6) Waste paper: Waste paper can be used to make notes and sketches and can be send to recycling center when you don’t need them anymore.
Page 7 of 11 Items that can be donated to others include:
a) Old books: Your old books can be used by poor children or can be donated to public libraries.
b) Old clothes: Your unwanted clothes can be used by street children or can be donated to charity institutions.
c) Old electric equipment: Old electric equipment can be donated to schools or
NGO’s so that they can use them.
d) Rechargeable batteries: Rechargeable batteries can be used again and again
and helps to reduce unnecessary wastage as opposed to regular batteries.
Apart from this, you can build a compost bin and reuse many waste items like used tea bags. The waste then degrades and turns into compost that help your plants grow and shine.
Page 8 of 11 THE THIRD ‘R’ – RECYCLE The last stage of the waste hierarchy is to recycle. To recycle something means that it will be transformed again into a raw material that can be shaped into a new item. There are very few materials on the earth that cannot be recycled. One of the issues facing communities that want to become more involved with a recycling effort is that while the relying collection and sorting process may be affordable to implement, there still has to be a facility to receive and transform the discarded waste into a raw material. More progress is being made toward uniting recycling plants with industries that can process the waste material through agreements and incentive credits.
Recycling is a resource recovery practice that refers to the collection and reuse of waste materials such as empty beverage containers. The materials from which the items are made can be reprocessed into new products. Material for recycling may be collected separately from general waste using dedicated bins and collection vehicles, a procedure called Kerbside collection. In some communities, the owner of the waste is required to separate the materials into different bins (e.g. for paper, plastics, metals) prior to its collection. In other communities, all recyclable materials are placed in a single bin for collection, and the sorting is handled later at a central facility. The latter method is known as "single-stream recycling."
One need to learn as to what products can be recycled and what not. By carefully choosing the products that can be recycled, can be a first step towards efficient recycling.
1) Buy products from market that are made up of recycled materials i.e. the product should be environment friendly.
2) Buy products that can be recycled such as glass jars.
3) Invent new ways to recycle different items.
4) Avoid buying hazardous materials that could pose difficulty for you to recycle. Buy non-toxic products, whenever possible.
5) Buy products that have been made from recycled material.
Page 9 of 11 SOME MAJOR INITIATIVES 1) Swachha Bharat Mission
Today, our country facing one of the biggest challenges of management of MSW not only in the term of environmental and aesthetic problems, but also has the potential risk to public health due to the improper and non-scientific handling of municipal solid waste. Accepting the importance of this challenge in India, behalf of the government of India, our Indian Prime Minister Shree Narendra Modi launched “Swachha Bharat Mission” on 2nd October 2014 with the goal to make our country clean and open defecation free by 2nd October 2019 as a mark of tribute to Mahatma Gandhi on his 150th birth anniversary. It is also the goal to achieve the 100 % scientific management of municipal solid waste by 2019.
2) Mahatma Gandhi Swachhata Mission
The dream of the Mahatma Gandhi was all the cities, towns and villages should be clean, to have completely worked sewerage system important for improved health. Under the Mahatma Gandhi Swachhata Mission, Government has released the of Rs. 1 crore to all the Municipal Corporations of Gujarat State and Rs. 55 lakh, Rs. 45 Lakh, Rs. 30 Lakh and Rs. 20 Lakh released to the A, B, C and D category on Municipalities of Gujarat. The Government has released this fund to initiate the mega cleanliness movement in the respected cities. The Government is also working in a full flag to achieve the goal of SBM with reference to municipal solid waste management.
3) Swachhata App
The App is a 4th generation mobile and web application by which is initiated by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs with the association of Swachha Bharat Mission. This app is initially launched in 4041 corporations, towns and cities of India. Anyone can download the app from the Google Play Store or from other sources and file complaint on app if he/she found dumped waste or overflowing dustbins or other cleanliness regarding problems and want to clear it and for that person need to just click the picture and post it to on the Swachhata App. Once a complaint has been posted, it will automatically forward to the concerned municipal authority. For this, all the urban local authority mapped to this app. Page 10 of 11 4) Municipal Solid Waste Management Manual
Ministry of Urban Development with the partnership of The Government of Germany
published the revised Municipal Solid Waste Management Manual 2016 to assist States and cities to understand and effective implementation of Municipal Solid Waste Management System with the association of Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016. This manual is prepared as a practical handbook and guideline for the Local Urban Body as well as it can also useful to the policy makers, planners and professionals to achieve the goals of the Swachha Bharat Mission.
5) Swachha Survekshan
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (a former Ministry of Urban Development)
conducting the Swachha Survekshan since 2016. This is introduced to encourage cities to improve their urban sanitation, including open defecation and to reduce the problems regarding solid waste management by improving waste management practices. The objectives of survekshan are to encourage large level participation of citizens; to create awareness among all segments of society; to work together to make towns and cities a better place to survive.
CONCLUSION It is fact that Municipal Solid Waste Management problems are everywhere in India and in many other countries that become the burning issue of the India as well as the entire World. It is essentially required the participation of Government to combat the MSWM problems. After reviewing, it was revealed that the Indian Government has initiated many good activities and initiatives that may improve the solid waste management practices in India and can reduce the problems of municipal solid waste management in India with the proper planning and using resources made available by Indian Government. There is no doubt that the Indian Government is doing at their level best.
