ANALYSIS

OF
HEAT EXCHANGERS
USED IN CNH

Summer Training Report

AKSHAY KUMAR MISHRA

100106039

Department of Mechanical & Automobile Engineering

Sharda University, Greater Noida

June, 2013
 ANALYSIS
OF
HEAT EXCHANGERS
USED IN CNH

Summer Training Report

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
By

AKSHAY KUMAR MISHRA

100106039

Department of Mechanical & Automobile Engineering

Sharda University, Greater Noida

June, 2013
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to Mr. SUMAN BAHUGUNA,
Maintenance Manager for his generous guidance, help and useful suggestions.

I am very thankful to Sri PANKAJ TYAGI (Plant engineer) CNH for his co-operation
throughout the course.

I express my sincere gratitude to Mr. Manoj Kumar Jha, Dept. of Mechanical and Automotive
Engineering, Sharda University, Greater Noida, for his stimulating guidance, continuous
encouragement and supervision throughout the course of present work.

I am extremely thankful to Prof. SUBHASH KAMAL, Head, Dept. of Mechanical and

Automotive Engineering, Sharda University, Greater Noida, for providing me infrastructural
facilities to work in, without which this work would not have been possible.

Signature of the student

 APPROVAL SHEET

Summer training report, entitled: (ANALYSIS OF HEAT EXCHANGERS USED IN CNH) is

approved for award of 12 credits.

Examiners

__________________

__________________

Coordinator

__________________

Head of Department

__________________

Date:
 COMPANY PROFILE

The history of New Holland dates back to October 1872 with the
humble beginning of the New Holland Machine Works in a one
person Farm-Equipment Repair shop. No one paid much attention
when a 26-year-old Machinist named Abraham Zimmerman
opened a tiny repair shop at New Holland, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
The first machine build by Zimmerman was a small portable feed
mill. Designated to be the no.1 mill it launched the New Holland Machine Works into the feed grinding
business, from which, it has never departed.
Abraham Zimmerman decided to expand his little company by incorporation and selling stocks to his friends
and customers.

In 1895, the New Holland Machine Works became the New Holland Machine Company, a name that would
carry the firm to prominence in farm Equipment Company. During the next half century, New Holland
introduced highly successful machines such as Balers, Rock Crushers, Limestone Pulverizers,

Conveyors, Milling Machines, Engines, Coal, Furnaces and an early rotary Lawn Mower.

In 1947, New Holland Machine Company came under the ownership of Sperry Corporation; additional plants
were acquired in Mountville, Belleville, Pennsylvania and Lancaster.

The New Holland Machine Company was now poised to become the industry leader in grassland farming in
next decade and brought 100 new products into the line, including Fertilizers spreaders, Farm wagons, crop
dryers and crop drying fans.

In 1970 an exciting boldness characterized the company’s performance in the form of introduction of more
than 150 new and improved products of world class technology and also engineering breakthroughs.

In 1986, Ford Motor Company purchased Sperry New Holland and formed New Holland. It was a beginning
of new era with Pennsylvania becoming the world headquarters of the new company and within a year
Versatile Manufacturing Limited of Canada was acquired, adding to the company a highly respected line of
horsepower four-wheel-drive-tractor.
New Holland Products now have a presence across 149 countries with 45 Manufacturing Plants and the 23 rd
plant in India.
 New Holland knows that buying a machine is, for every farmer, an investment not only in
money, but also in trust.
 New Holland respects the value of this investment and always repays its customers' trust.
 Through its network of professional dealers and its after-sales organization, it offers them all the
assistance and services essential to guaranteeing the efficiency and productivity of each machine in all
corners of the world.

THE WORLDWIDE PRODUCTS OF NEW HOLLAND

AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT
• Row-Crop Tractors
• 4WD
• Tractors
• Tillage
 • Planting & Seeding
• Hay & Forage Harvesting
• Chemical/Fertilizer Applicators
• Material Handling

CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

• Loader/Backhoes
• Rough Terrain Forklifts
• Skid Steers
• Crawler Dozers
• Excavators
• Mini-Excavators
• Wheel Loaders
• Trenchers

HISTORY OF HEW HOLLAND INDIA

 May’95 : JV with Escorts Tractor Broken.

 May’95 : FIPB approval for 100% subsidiary company.
 May’96 : Design and Engineering Center Inaugurated.
 Nov’96 : Corporate Office becomes functional.
 Jan’97 : FORD Genuine Tractor Part launched from SPD office
 Feb’97 : 60 Acre of Plot acquired in Greater Noida.
 Jun’97 : Fiat Engineering begins construction at the Plant.
 Apr’98 : Launch of 70 HP Tractor (5630). Production in CKD Area
 Oct’98 : Commissioning of Main Line in the Plant.
 Mar’99 : Launch of 50 HP Tractor (3630).
  Apr’01 : Launch of 42 HP Tractor (3230).
 Mar’02 : Launch of 35 HP Tractor (3030).
 Jul’03 : Launch of Drive Line Export.
 Dec’03 : Localization of four wheel drive Front Axle Support.
 Dec’03 : Exported highest no. of 70 HP tractor ever.
 Apr’04 : Launch of PTO (Power Take Off) Assembly Export.
 Sep’04 : Launching Final Drive Line .
 Aug’05 : New product launch-T.T. side shift.
 Mar’06 : New project for Brazil product line.
 Dec’07 : New Holland NX Series (35hp,40Hp and 45 Hp
category) launched.

 Jul’08 : 1 lakh tractor roll out of this plant.

 Jul’13 : 2 lakh 50 thousandth tractor roll out from this plant.
 Jul’13 : 50 thousandth axle roll out of this plant.

HISTORY OF NEW HOLLAND INDIA

 New Holland has been associated with agricultural mechanization in India since the early 1950s. At that
time its tractors were being imported into India.
 In the year 1969, a joint venture was established to manufacture tractors (50 HP range) under the Ford
brand name in India.
 New Holland continued to provide upgraded technology to Indian joint venture for the manufacture of
tractors, most suited to Indian agriculture.
 These tractors have been extremely popular with the Indian farmers, accounting for more than 50
percent of the tractors sold in India in above 45 HP category.
 At present nearly 220,000 tractors are in service in India.

New Holland India has focused its strength in agricultural mechanization to build world-class farm machinery
equipment in India. An in depth understanding of Indian agriculture drives its rationale for investment in
India.

The company believes that there is a growing need for technical and quality up-gradation of available
agricultural equipment, which will assist in the achievement of consistent quality of produce and enhanced,
agricultural to international standards
New Holland bridged the gap between Indian farming practices and world class technology by setting up a
modern technology manufacturing plant with a total investment plan of $250 million on an area of 60-acre site
at

Plot No.3, Udyog Kendra, Greater Noida-201306

Distt. Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

The plant made with an initial investment of Rs. 300 Crores is equipped with an advanced machine shop
having high speed (MAKINO) CNC Machining Centers,
where components are machined from the raw casting to the finished stage in just one set-up. This gives each
component an extremely high level of accuracy.
The paint shop involves Cathodic Electro Display (CED) process of painting and uses polyurethane paint
(both for the first time in the history of Indian Tractor Industry), giving a superfine finish and enhanced
durability to the tractors.

And a sophisticated Assembly line ensures that the customer gets nothing less than the premium quality
product from New Holland.
All this puts the plant at par with the other state-of-the-art New Holland manufacturing plants around the
world, enabling and international standard of quality in the manufacturing of tractor, now in India. The plant
has a capacity to produce 35,000 tractors per annum.
As a first step towards developing world class agricultural products for the Indian Farmer, Research &
Development work is in constant progress at the company’s Design and Engineering Center- which was
established in July’96.

The Research & Development Center is working day night on new projects to deliver affordable design
engineering solutions to the needs of the Indian farmer.
The Research facility is linked through Intranet on 15 other worldwide engineering locations enabling the use
of global technological expertise available within the company.

Fully computerized engine and PTO Dynamometers and many Test Rigs for vehicle system evaluation
ensure that the designs developed are tested for performance and reliability before introduction.

Extensive field testing in a wide variety of agricultural operations & different soil and climate conditions
across the country ensures a trouble-free and reliable product for the farmer.
 NEW HOLLAND TRACTORS INDIA PVT. LTD.

 New Holland is a part of the 15 Billion $ CNH Global N.V., the world leader in Agricultural &
Construction equipment, with North American and European roots going back to the invention of the
modern tractor.
 New Holland has expanded its Manufacturing and Distribution network around the world to become
biggest global player in its Industr
 It is a market leader in over 50 countries and is supported by a global Dealer network of 12,400 dealers.
 The products are manufactured in 45 manufacturing locations spread over 16 countries.

People who depend on them day to day for their livelihood use new Holland’s products.

 Around the world in every continent, over 4 million New Holland Machines are now at work, perfectly
adapted to every climate, season and land.
 In 1996, New Holland withdrew from the joint venture and established a 100% subsidiary company (New
Holland Tractors (India) Pvt. Ltd.) to provide the latest technology to the Indian farmers.
 New Holland’s global experience has enabled us in bringing technological up gradation in tractors & farm
machinery and its application to Indian agriculture.
 The Company has focused its strength in agricultural mechanization to build a world class tractor company
in India. It’s rationale for investment in India is driven, primarily by its long involvement and in–depth
understanding of the India agricultural industry.

NEW HOLLAND VALUES

The diversity of the New Holland family is held together by a common bond of core values.

 VALUE CREATION is our first core value. It expresses our responsibility towards our shareholders who
have invested their capital and trust in us. Therefore, New Holland must create value by increasing
profitability and
pursuing growth.

 CUSTOMER SATISFACTION expresses our responsibility towards our valued customers. New
Holland has a responsibility towards understanding our customers’ present and future needs, delivering
quality products and services to meet them to ensure their loyalty.
 RESPECT FOR PEOPLE and valuing their contribution is our responsibility towards the large
multicultural population of New Holland. We must create an environment in which people are happy to
share ideas by encouraging and rewarding imagination, effort and achievement.

Being a global company, the utmost responsibility on New Holland is to inculcate the value of being a
Group, the idea of helping one another to develop and become more competitive in the world market.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES

In addition to the core values and in synergy with them are seven principle that should always guide our
business conduct, our decision making and our actions.
 INTEGRITY means that the behavior of all employees, with regard to relations within and outside
the group, is characterized by maximum consistency, clarity, frankness and full adherence to the
company’s ethical code. Integrity means full and completes compliance with all the laws and
regulations governing publicly traded companies.

 GLOBALISATION: The multicultural family of New Holland must understand and accept different
and local cultures. We must also provide
equal opportunities for all our employees.

 EXCHANGE OF IDEAS: implies a willingness to learn, to discuss openly and search for new ideas.
New Holland must foster creativity in order to welcome a process company in which different ideas
and points of view are resolved at the working level.

 PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE: All employees, at every level, should be encouraged to

actively participate in a continual process to update their skills and professional knowledge.

 DECISION MAKING: We have to empower people to become responsible decision makers,

keeping the emphasis on timeliness, taking advantage of opportunities and anticipating customer
requirements.

 DESIRE TO EXCEL: implies not just the desire to continually improve one’s performance but also
to work generously for the team and for New Holland. This is the culmination of a value driven
company and a team-based organization.
 NHFI MISSION

 To continuously create superior value for our customers, shareholders, employees and business
partners, by together building and growing a
sound business network in India, and achieving industry leadership and world-class standards in both
products and processes.

 To be innovative Global Leader in agricultural equipment, Construction equipment and Financial

service industries by providing solutions that drive customer success.

CBU CONCEPT

 A Commercial Business Unit (CBU) is a self-directed team, with the skills, authority and responsibility
to conduct all commercial activities in its geographic area.

 The NHI Commercial Operations i.e. Sales, Service & Parts were re-organized into field teams
(Commercial Business Units) supported by the Central Organization.
 Each CBU was directly responsible for the all the dealerships within the particular geographic area. A
CBU has a Manager and team members belonging to the Sales, Service & Parts Departments.
 All Team members report to the CBU Manager. The CBU Members operate out of their homes and
meet one in a week for reviewing.

 There are 14 CBUs in operation at present in various parts of India e.g. Pune, Karnataka, Chennai etc.

QUALITY POLICY

 We are committed to delight our customers by delivering best-in-class products and services by
working together with our Dealers and Suppliers.
 New Holland India is the first Tractor Company in India to be awarded the ISO 9001:2000
Certification by UL, USA.
ABOUT NHFI : THE PLANT

PRODUCTION SYSTEM
 NHI (New Holland Industrial) adopts the assembly line production system for manufacturing of all
kind of models. The assembly lines are flexible and can produce various kinds of models at constant
rate with almost zero inventories between the lines. The plant layout is one of the best in Asia. The
plant layout and coloring scheme was proposed by FIAT Engineering, Italy. They strictly follow
WCM (world class manufacturing) and are customer oriented. Though it’s not efficient as FMS is, but
the fact that they are able to achieve the target, they set daily is truly astonishing. And this is the fact
that makes the Greater Noida branch their one of the most profitable plants across the world. Several
standards like kaizen, 5s, autonomous maintenance, PDCA are followed here to ensure best production
with best maintenance. Recently in June 2013, the plant celebrated for they had manufactured
2,50,000 tractors and 50,000 axles successfully.
 THE NEW HOLLAND INDIA TEAM

 The NH team in India is over 800 strong, with some of the brightest young technicians, engineers and
executives in Indian industry.

 They are striving with a spirit of dedication & teamwork to establish the best international standards of
customer satisfaction for the Indian Farmer, infused with the Core Values & Guiding Principles of
CNH Group worldwide.

 The Company prides itself for having an open and transparent work culture aimed at providing a
challenging yet conducive work environment.

Address of NHI Locations

NHI Plant Corporate Office Spare Parts Office

Plot No. 3, Udyog Kendra 52, Okhla Industrial Area III E 4/ B1

Greater Noida, U.P. New Delhi, 110 020 Mohan Corporative

Industrial Estate
Phone : 91-2350401 / 402 Phone : 26322207
Mathura Road
(Approx. distance from New (Approx. Distance from New
Delhi – 44
Delhi Railway Station : 40 Delhi Railway Station : 20
KM) KM) Phone: 51678880 ~ 4

(Approx. Distance from

New Delhi Railway Station:
25 Kms.)
SECTIONS IN THE PLANT

1. Engine assembly
2. Machine shop(cnc machining)
3. Pto assembly line
4. Drive line
5. Tractor assembly line before painting
6. Tractor assembly line after painting
7. Tool room
8. Front axle sub assembly line
9. Store area
10. Finishing line
11. Testing
12. Major rework
13. Ok to ship line
14. Tyre sub assembly line
15. Ced paint shop
16. Tyre yard

DEPARTMENTS AT NHFI PLANT

1. Design and engineering

2. Finance and accounts
3. Human Resource
4. Information System
5. Manufacturing
5.1 Supply Chain, Logistics, PPC, Procurement
5.2 SQA( Supplier Quality Assurance),Utility
6. Purchase
1. DESIGN AND ENGINEERING:

To work towards achieving an undisputed & encyclopedic market leadership, basic thrust of NHI is on
continuously upgrading the products and introducing new products to suit the ever-changing needs of its
customers.

To meet such requirements New Holland India has a self reliant Design & Engineering centre, which steers
the organization towards serving the consumer better by providing global products tailored to suit Indian
needs bearing most optimum price-tag.

Also to ensure that the advantage trickles down to the consumers indirectly NHFI D&E works towards
supporting production technology to find the most efficient

ways of manufacturing the products to achieve the highest production standards, the fastest rates of production
with the lowest cost of manufacture.

It is equipped with the most modern facilities for computer-aided engineering, stress & vibration analysis,
prototype-build and test laboratories for metrology,

chemical and metallurgical analysis, physical analysis, engine testing, specialized design testing and special
track-testing.

To comprehend, it has well established Product Development capability, driven by young, motivated &
qualified engineers drawn from various functions to follow the modern concurrent engineering approach,
endorsed with state of the art tools comprising latest computer software, modern testing facilities and proven
design and developing methodologies.

It is this capability and people resource due to which NHI has been able to develop and launch successful
products year after year. To cite an example, “the new 42hp model which is totally designed and developed in
India with Global Engineering support has been launched in flat 22 months”.

D&E can be subdivided into four sub-systems:

 DESIGN

 TESTING

 VALUE ENGINEERING
  ENGINEERING SERVICES

DESIGN
Design department is bifurcated further into two competence groups:

CG I - looking meagerly after Transmission, Hydraulics, Steering & Front Axle System
CG II - taking care of Engine, Electrical System, Vehicle, Sheet metal, Linkages etc.
TESTING :-

Testing department is further divided into two groups

- Component Testing

- Vehicle Testing

VALUE ENGINEERING :-

Value Analysis provides the following services to the Tractor GPL

 New Product Cost Estimates - Piece Cost & Supplier Investment

 Current Product Technical Cost Analysis of Piece Cost (Key Model)
 Engineering 'Elbow' Service (Best Cost Solution)
 New Parts Cost Target to Purchase - Piece Cost & Supplier Investment
 CPI / VIT Cost Control - Piece Cost & Investment
 Current Product Piece Cost Change Analysis for Budget Current Product & New Product Supplier
Investment Analysis for Budget
 Competitive Model Tear down to achieve cost savings or avoidance.

ENGINEERING SERVICES FUNCTIONS:-

 It is responsible for releasing Engineering changes through CIDS

 Archiving of all drawings, standards, specifications
 Creating & Maintaining the Engineering Bill Of Material through special software - "DBT" (Distente
Base Technical) which collects and gives access to all models BOMs globally.
 Providing Engineering support to the D & E relating to Global models.
 Linking the Engineering Bill of Material to Archive Prodetto for Model Offering
2. FINANCE AND ACCOUNTS:
The finance and accounts team at New Holland India working together as a winning team currently
compromises of 19 members. They are primarily a support function for the rest of the company fulfilling the
company’s financial requirements and managing the finances and also meeting the statutory requirements.

They work on calendar year accounting from January to December, keeping in line with international
accounting requirements. In addition they also have a tax closing from April to march every year as per the
Indian tax requirements.

Other than this they also do a hard closing in the month of September each year which is a closing up to
September each year. Consequently they have three audits each year.

3. HUMAN RESOURCE:

Human Resource is the most valuable asset for any organization any and they require utmost care, concern and
recognition to be able to perform to their fullest potential.

4. INFORMATION SYSTEM:

Role:

 To lead the organization to be a highly IT oriented and Processed based organization.

 Support IT skill enhancement for its employee.
 Support IT infrastructure installed at all locations of NHI.
 Support the processes of the company by IT.
 Identify and implement relevant IT in NHI.

Applications:

• ERP – Baan ( Supply Chain)

• Group ware – Lotus Notes (Messaging & Workflows)
• New Holland India Intranet.
• Locally developed – Spare Parts Management System.
• Farm Training System Localization Control System.
5. MANUFACTURING

Tractor assembly

 Pre Paint Assembly

 Post Paint Assembly
 Front Axle sub Assembly
 Tyre sub Assembly

Painting

 Body Tractor
 Sheet Metal Parts

Drive Line Assembly

 Rear Axle Assembly

 Transmission Case Assembly
 Hydraulic Lift Assembly
 Trumpet Assembly
Engine Assembly (3 Cylinder & 4 Cylinder)

 Assembly
 Testing
Machining

 Transmission Case
 Axle Casing
 Trumpets (4 types)
 Front Axle support
 Rear Cover
 Hydraulic Lift Body
 Final Drive Cover
 Master Clutch Housing 42 HP
 Front Support 42 HP

6. PURCHASE:

New Holland’s Purchasing philosophy is to obtain for our customers goods and services with maximum total
value. The elements of total value include more than quality and delivery. Technical innovation, assured
supplies, cost reduction initiatives are also taken care of.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES:
 Product launch at shortest possible time
 Aggressive localization to reduce costs.
 Maximize outsourcing.
 Competitiveness through control of purchased
 Material costs.
 Develop a supply base meeting CNH global standards.

SQA teams manage several activities, mainly at supplier site:

 Supplier development

 Part Approval Process (PAP/ISIR)

 Performance evaluation

 Management of major non conformities arising during production

 Corrective actions follow up

 Sales and Marketing

Service department is committed to provide high standards of after sales service support to our esteemed
customers through our dedicated dealer network resulting into a positive word of mouth by way of product
performance, customer retention & generating strong referrals.

To NHFI

 Raise product performance

 Establish strong customer loyalty
 Image enhancement
 Smooth network functioning
 Overall business growth

To Dealers

 Infrastructure and system development

 Prompt warranty support on product concerns
 Increasing service business
 Raising technical skill level of manpower to avoid repeat problems

To Customers

 Ensure minimum breakdown time

 Bring service network within easy reach.
 Measuring satisfaction through surveys and providing service.
The New Holland plant is the most modern tractor factory in India, with a number of advanced features. It
has:

 CED (Cathodic Electro Deposition) painting system for the sheet metal components – a first in the
Indian tractor industry – giving excellent finish and durability.

 Sophisticated high speed machining centers (MAKINO) for machining critical castings and
components to very close tolerances.

• Assembly lines featuring the very latest equipment for ensuring high quality and productivity.

 New Holland has also implemented and integrated Supply Chain ERP system (BAAN), which gives
extremely flexible and controlled material management.

 All production staff and workers are technically qualified, and many of them have been trained in New
Holland plants abroad to ensure international standards of quality and productivity.
PRODUCTS -

AGRICULTURAL TRACTORS-INDIAN MARKET:

3032-32HP 3030-35HP 3510-35HP

3037NX-37HP 4010-40HP 3130-HP

 3230-45HP 5500-TURBOSUPER 45HP 3600-2TX 50 HP

3600-TX SUPER 50HP 3630-TXSUPER 50HP 4510-42HP

4710-47HP
 6500 TURBO
SUPER 65HP 7500 TURBO SUPER 75HP TD90-90HP
TRACTOR MODELS

New Holland 3030

Horse Power : 35 HP

Maximum Rated Speed : 2000 rpm

Max Torque Speed : 1500 rpm

Number of cylinders :3

Injection : Direct

Valve Gear : OH Valve

Clutch Type : Diaphragm

Fuel Injection : Inline

Operating Weight : 1690 Kg

Brakes : Oil Immersed

Description : Tractor with an amazing Speed

No. of Variants :3

Uses : Normal Agricultural purpose & None

Agricultural like transport of goods

 New Holland 3230

Horse Power : 42 HP

Maximum Rated Speed : 2000 rpm

Max Torque Speed : 1400 rpm

Number of cylinders :3

Injection : Direct

Valve Gear : OH Valve

Air Cleaner : Oil Bath

Fuel Filters : Cartridge type

Operating Weight : 1770 Kg

Brakes : Oil Immersed Dual Discs

Description : Equipped with TC Drive Technology.

No. of Variants :4

Uses : Normal Agricultural purpose & Heavy

duty applications & High performance Hyd

New Holland 3630 TX

Horse Power : 55 HP

Maximum Rated Speed : 2500 rpm

Max Torque Speed : 1500 rpm

Number of cylinders :3

Injection : Direct

Valve Gear : OH Valve, Push rod operated

Air Cleaner : Oil Bath with centrifugal pre-cleaner

Fuel Filters : Dual filter cartridges with separators.

Injection Pump : Rotary Distributor with incorporated Governor and injection advance
variator

Operating Weight : 2060 Kg

Brakes : Oil Immersed Dual Discs

Description : Technically advance, eco-friendly tract

 New Holland to deliver the best to Indian
farmer. More Power with Less Fuel Consumption.

No. of Variants : 15

Uses : Normal Agricultural purpose & Non combines, reapers, dozers

and loaders.

New Holland 5630

Horse Power : 75 HP

Maximum Rated Speed : 2500 rpm

Max Torque Speed : 1500 rpm

Number of cylinders :4

Injection : Direct

Valve Gear : OH Valve, Push rod operated

Air Cleaner : Oil Bath with centrifugal pre-cleaner

Fuel Filters : Dual filter cartridges with water

Separators.

Fuel Injection Pump : Rotary Distributor with incorporated

governor and injection advance variator

Operating Weight : 2985 Kgs.

Description : Technically advance, eco-friendly

 tractor of FORD

No. of Variants :7

Uses : Normal Agricultural Purpose & Non

Agricultural purpose viz. Construction,

Road building, Bio compost etc.

DEALERSHIP NETWORK

 The tractors are being made available to customers from an initial network of over 200 dealers that New
Holland has already appointed across Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh,
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

We also have overseas dealers in Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka

 Besides selling New Holland’s range of products, all New Holland dealer outlets have been equipped to
extend the whole gamut of pre-sale and post-sale service support initiatives to customers.

 To ensure quality of service, all such facilities have been set up under the strict supervision of New
Holland staff.

All sales and service staff stationed at dealer points undergo a series of special training workshops under the
guidance of skilled trainers at New Holland central facilities.
 ABOUT PROJECT

This project includes the importance of heat exchange in our life. Thus seeing its importance
and its extensive use in industries, it has become important for us to thoroughly analyze it.
This thorough analysis requires one to know about the different modes via which heat
exchange can take place and the device through which this heat exchanger takes place is called
heat exchanger. These heat exchanger are of different types and these types that have been
used in CNH have been discussed here. It also includes their working principle, their modes of
failure, their contingent plans and what safety aspects need to be kept in mind while you are
dealing with heat exchangers. Different vendors like FUNKE, ALFA LAVAL,GEA etc. that
have their heat exchangers being used in CNH have also been mentioned. And I am cent
percent sure that after you’ve completed reading this project you would definitely understand
the importance of heat exchange and the device which exchanges it i.e. heat exchanger, in
every possible way.
 PROJECT SUMMARY

This project incorporates the analysis of 6 type of heat exchangers that have been used in CNH
(Case New Holland). Exchangers like RHE ( Radiator heat exchanger), PHE (Plate heat
exchangers) , BHE( Brazed heat exchanger), Shell and Tube Type Heat exchanger, FDV
(Forced Draft Ventilation), Cooling Towers have been used in different sections of the Plant.
Different heat exchangers have different working principles with a lot of maintenance
involved. Those maintenance techniques need to followed as per the given conditions, if not
done that way, it can cause several accidents. To avoid such accidents some safety plans have
been set up for every type of heat exchanger, in order to eliminate the danger/accident.
Whenever a machine or anything is made or used, some plans are set up also called contingent
plans, for if something happens in the future then there needs to be some backup plan. It’s an
important factor that needs to be kept in mind while designing something. That too has been
discussed here keeping the aspect of heat exchanger in mind. The vendors who have been
supplying the heat exchangers for CNH have also been mentioned. As if anything happens that
can’t be prevented or corrected then, the best means is to contact the vendor who supplied that
product to you. It also includes the tabulated form of heat exchangers with their make, their
model, and their respective location in CNH.
What is heat?

In physics and chemistry, heat is a energy that can be transferred from one body to another by

thermal interactions. The transfer of energy can occur in a variety of ways, among
them conduction, radiation, and convection. Heat is not a property of a system or body, but
instead is always associated with a process of some kind, and is synonymous with heat
flow and heat transfer.
Heat flow from hotter to colder systems occurs spontaneously, and is always accompanied by an
increase in entropy. In a heat engine, internal energy of bodies is harnessed to provide
useful work. The second law of thermodynamics states the principle that heat cannot flow
directly from cold to hot systems, but with the aid of a heat pump external work can be used to
transport internal energy indirectly from a cold to a hot body.
The origin and properties of heat can be understood through the statistical mechanics of
microscopic constituents such as molecules and photons. For instance, heat flow can occur when
the rapidly vibrating molecules in a high temperature body transfer some of their energy (by
direct contact, radiation exchange, or other mechanisms) to the more slowly vibrating molecules
in a lower temperature body.
The SI unit of heat is the joule. Heat can be measured by calorimetry, or determined indirectly
by calculations based on other quantities, relying for instance on the first law of
thermodynamics. In calorimetry, the concepts of latent heat and of sensible heat are used. Latent
heat produces changes of state without temperature change, while sensible heat produces
temperature change.
Importance of heat transfer
Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use,
conversion, and exchange of thermal energy and heat between physical systems. Heat transfer is
classified into various mechanisms, such as thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal
radiation, and transfer of energy by phase changes. Engineers also consider the transfer of mass
of differing chemical species, either cold or hot, to achieve heat transfer. While these
mechanisms have distinct characteristics, they often occur simultaneously in the same system.

Heat conduction, also called diffusion, is the direct microscopic exchange of kinetic energy of
particles through the boundary between two systems. When an object is at a
different temperature from another body or its surroundings, heat flows so that the body and the
surroundings reach the same temperature, at which point they are in thermal equilibrium. Such
spontaneous heat transfer always occurs from a region of high temperature to another region of
lower temperature, as described by the second law of thermodynamics.

The fundamental modes of heat transfer are:

Conduction or diffusion
The transfer of energy between objects that are in physical contact.
Convection
The transfer of energy between an object and its environment, due to fluid motion.
Radiation
The transfer of energy to or from a body by means of the emission or absorption of
electromagnetic radiation.
Advection
The transfer of energy from one location to another as a side effect of physically moving
an object containing that energy.

Conduction, convection and radiation are the three ways in which heat is transferred from one
place to another. On the global scale they are responsible for the movement of vast amounts of
energy via the weather systems and ocean currents and hence control the temperatures of the
different regions round the world. These temperatures very much influence our lives and the way
we live. All the modes of transport come into play in that thin layer of atmosphere above the
Earth that we live in. Unfortunately (or otherwise) we cannot control these modes of heat
transport at this level though we can at the much smaller scale within our homes.

 Not only that but many other applications include heat transfer and this is what makes heat
transfer such an important topic and is itself like a universe where many verses are still unknown
and need to be invented.
What is heat exchanger?

As discussed earlier, heat exchanger is a device, which initiates the process of heat transfer,
whether be the process of “cooling” or be it a “heating process”. But the aspect that is kept in
mind is that the 2 bodies b/w which heat transfer will take place should be at different
temperatures and that temperature difference causes the heat transfer.

TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGER-

Acc. To fluid flow;

Counter flow

Cross flow Diagonal flow

These are the 4 types of flow, that can be seen in heat exchangers.
1. Parallel flow- the 2 fluids enter or move in the same direction.
2. Counter flow- the 2 fluids enter into the exchanger from opposite
direction.
3. Cross flow- one fluid enters normally to the other.
4. Diagonal flow- as the name suggests, the flow is diagonal, and this
diagonal when is counter in nature then the highest efficiency for a
exchanger can be seen.
Now according to these fluid flow, the heat exchangers can further be classified as-
1. Radiator type heat exchanger (RHE)
2. Plate type heat exchanger (PHE)
3. Shell and tube type heat exchanger
4. Brazed type heat exchanger.
Radiator type heat exchanger (RHE)

RHE also called radiator type heat exchanger. Whenever we hear this word the first thing that
comes in our mind is that since radiator is the word involved, it must be some sort of cooling
device. Well it’s not like the fact that heat exchangers are only used for cooling , but can also be
used for heating. But here it’s only used for cooling the oil that is being continuously pumped
from the Makino or Heller machines, as the function of oil here is to lubricate the parts well in
order to ensure lubrication.

RHE is an AIR-WATER heat exchanger. It uses fans to circulate the air and cool
the fluid inside tubes of heat exchanger. The cooling medium used in these type of heat
exchanger is “AIR”. The radiator used here is made of Aluminium (Al) alloy. They’ve been used
in machine shop of tractor plant and in axle plant.
Working of a RHE.

What happens is oil/fluid to be cooled enters from oil inlet, as it moves upwards the air that
blows through it takes the heat along with it and the oil that exits from the oil outlet is at a much
low temperature as compared to when it came from the inlet.

How to maintain RHE’s?

1. Feed the oil from inlet only.

2. Flush clean the radiator with pressurized air once in a week, to maintain proper air flow.
3. Don’t keep any obstacle in front of radiator which may obstruct the air flow.
This will ensure proper air flow and the efficiency will remain intact, that is no increase
or decrease in efficiency.
 Modes of Failure for RHE with Safety instructions
1. If radiator get choked or jammed then No proper air flow will take place and oil will take
time to get cooled, leading to accumulation of heat & eventually m/c will go down.
SAFETY ASPECT- To avoid this condition we need to inspect or clean every 2-3 months
in order to ensure choke free passage for air.

2. Fan of RHE stops working- when this will happen, a large qty of heat will start
accumulating which can cause hampering in the workpiece or tools that have to work in
there.
SAFETY ASPECT- Keep the fan as a spare part with you.

3. Choking in inlet or outlet pipes of RHE- if it chokes the oil/fluid won’t be able to enter
the radiator and that accumulation can lead to bursting of pipes due to a large pressure
rise.
SAFETY ASPECT- Clean your pipes once in a month or if you already know about this
condition and still are too busy with your work that you can’t clean it once in a month, then
keep a “Automatic Oil Temperature Regulator”.

4. Pump stops working- Inlet of the RHE will not receive proper amt. of oil or to be precise
not with a particular pressure and less efficient heat exchange will be obtained.
SAFETY ASPECT- keep the pump or impeller as a spare.
Plate Type Heat Exchanger (PHE)

PHE stands for Plate Type Heat Exchanger. It Constitutes of 2 plates – fix frame plate and
pressure plate(movable).There is a Pack of corrugated metal plates with portholes for passage of
2 fluids b/w which Heat transfer takes place. These plates are then fitted with gasket which seals
the inter plate channel and directs the fluids into alternate channels. They’ve been used in paint
shop of tractor plant. The following models of PHE are used here- AM10FM1, M6, P2FL1
of Alfa Laval.

Working Principle of PHE

 The Channels are formed b/w the plates & corner ports are arranged in such a manner
that the media will flow through alternate channels. Heat is transferred via plate between
channels & complete concurrent flow is made for highest possible efficiency and that is
done by putting a passage flow between the plates of PHE. The Corrugation of plates
provides passage between plates, support each plate against adjacent one and enhances
the turbulence, resulting in efficient heat transfer.

Types of PHE

1. Gasketted PHE- These types of PHE use very high quality gaskets and are designed
to seal the plates together and protect against leaks. These Plates can easily be removed
for cleaning. expansion, or replacing purposes, drastically reducing maintenance costs.
Applications include - Chemical, HVAC etc.

2. Welded PHE – These types of PHE have their plates welded together. They are
Extremely durable and ideal for transferring fluids with high temperatures or corrosive
materials. Since the plates are welded together, there is no chance for mechanical
cleaning.
 Applications include- Hazardous liquids, oil cooling etc.

3. Semi-welded PHE- A mixture of welded and gasketed plates which Contains pairs of
two plates welded together and which are then gasketed to other pairs. It is Easy to
service on one side and is able to transfer more intense fluids on the other. They are
perfect for transferring expensive materials since they have a very low risk of fluid loss.

Gasketted PHE Semi-welded PHE Welded PHE

DEFECTS IN PHE:

CALCIUM SULPHATE SCALING IRON FOULING

 CHASSIS PHE: AM10 FM1 ; PAINT SHOP (TRACTOR PLANT)

Maintenance of PHE’s

1. Back flush the PHE once a week.

2. Check the PHE for leaks, especially during intense running periods.
3. Check regularly the gaskets as soon as possible for softness & elasticity,as brittle
gaskets are no good.
4. Install a water cleaning system (CIP). It will soften the water & will prevent hard
scaling and fouling from coating the plates. Even chlorination should be proper.

BACK FLUSHING- A system which allows flushing of scaled deposits formed on cooling
water side in a heat exchanger. We all know that water flows from the inlet to the outlet of the
heat exchanger as temperature starts rising. As per what we can see it’s at the elevated
temperatures that the scales and deposits starts clinging to the surface of heat exchanger which
clearly implies that maximum scaling occurs at cooling water side.
So what we do here is we connect a Backwash system at the outlet end of cooling water of heat
exchanger. The Backwash system then flushes cooling water towards cooling water inlet using
water which is at high pressure than normal cooling water inlet pressure. This way there is n
clinging of deposits on the surface of heat exchanger. It’s a very effective process when it comes
in terms to reduce scaling or fouling.
CIP PROCEDURE-
1. Drain the unit and rinse it with fresh water.
2. Drain water and fill it with fresh water.
3. Add your cleaning agent and circulate the cleaning solution.
4. Add and circulate passivating liquid for inhibiting corrosion and rinse it with fresh water
and then finally drain.

Because they can

provide quick
Turn around in a
maintenance cycle,
clean-in-place (CIP)
systems are an
attractive
maintenance method
and the
preferred cleaning
method when
especially corrosive
liquids are being
processed. The
schematics on left
side depict flow
diagrams of typical
CIP systems.
Authorized Cleaning Facilities- The disadvantages of the authorized cleaning facilities tend to
be measured by the up-front cost and rarely for the real advantages achieved. At an authorized
cleaning facility, each plate is logged and visually inspected to determine if it merits
reconditioning. The client is informed if any plate is unserviceable and why. The facility cross-
checks its database to confirm the plate heat exchanger's original specifications and then
conducts a close visual inspection of gaskets and contact points on the remaining plates to
determine if there is any erosion or apparent change from the original specification. Then the
precise cleaning and treatment process required is determined.

Plates are pressure-washed, rinsed and subjected to either hot caustic stripping and/or a manual
procedure for gasket and scale removal. They are subjected to immersion in a variety of acids
compatible with the plate material to remove the balance of any foulants. Cleaned plates are fully
visually inspected and a 10 percent sampling of plates are dye-penetrant tested. Each tested plate
is sprayed with dye and inspected under ultraviolet light to locate any pin-hole leaks or cracks.
Following this procedure, plates again are pressure-washed and rinsed to remove all traces of the
dye.
Plates are then re-gasketed with an OEM-spec gasket adhesive that eases field repair should it be
required. Plates receive a thorough inspection before being packed and shipped. Units are
hydrostatically tested prior to shipment.

LATEST MODEL OF PHE- M6

Liquid flow rate- Up to 16 kg/s (250 gpm), depending on media, permitted pressure drop and
temperature program.

Water heating by steam- 300 to 800 kW

Plate types- M6, M6-M and M6-MD

Frame types- FM, FG and FD

Frame plate- Mild steel, Epoxy painted

Nozzles- Carbon steel

Metal lined: Stainless steel, Titanium, Alloy 254 SMO, Alloy
C276
Rubber lined: Nitrile, EPDM
Plates- Stainless steel: Alloy 316, Alloy 304. Alloy 254 SMO, Alloy
C276, Titanium
Gaskets- Nitrile, EPDM, Viton
Other grades and material available on request.

Maximum heat transfer surface-38 m² (400 sq. ft)

Particulars required for quotation-

- Flow rates or heat load
- Temperature program
- Physical properties of liquids in question (if not water)
- Desired working pressure
- Maximum permitted pressure drop
- Available steam pressure

PHE TYPE: M6-FG

 PHE TYPE: M15-BFM

SPECIFICATIONS ABOUT M15-BFM

Frame plate-Mild steel, Epoxy painted

Nozzles-Carbon steel
Metal lined: Stainless steel, Titanium
Rubber lined: Nitrile, EPDM

Plates-Stainless steel: Alloy 304, Alloy 316, Alloy C276, Alloy 254
SMO, Titanium

Gaskets (Clip-on/tape-on, glued)- Nitrile, EPDM, Viton®

Other grades and material available on request.

Maximum heat transfer surface

390 m² (4200 sq. ft)

Particulars required for quotation

- Flow rates or heat load
- Temperature program
- Physical properties of liquids in question (if not water)
- Desired working pressure
- Maximum permitted pressure drop
- Available steam pressure
.
Modes of Failure for PHE with Safety instructions

1. Scaling and fouling - Mineral coating starts developing on the surface of Heat
exchanger which results in less efficient heat transfer. Thus power consumption & energy
rate will inc.
SAFETY ASPECT- Back flushing and regular cleaning of plates once in 2-3 months.
Keep the plates as spares.

2. Rotor pump may stop working- the appropriate pressure of the water which is
needed by heat exchanger will not be obtained.
SAFETY ASPECT- keep the rotor pump and impeller as spares.

3. Torn gaskets or Brittle gaskets- The flow that was sealed via gaskets is now free
thus reducing efficiency and inc. leakage .
SAFETY ASPECT- Check for gaskets softness every 5-6 months and see to it, it doesn’t
get torn. Keep the gaskets as a spare.

4. Loosened bolts- If the bolts are not tightened the narrow channel formed will be loose
thus inc. leakage.
SAFETY ASPECT- Keep the bolts tightened so as to gain compactness.

Vendor details:

NAME: ALFA LAVAL INDIA LTD.

ADDRESS: 704-705,Ansal bhavan,16, Kasturbha Gandhi Marg , Delhi

PHONE NO: 01141293300

EMAIL ID: india.info@alfalaval.com

Advantages of PHE

1. Thin material for heat transfer- optimum heat transfer since heat only has to penetrate the
thin material.
2. High turbulence in medium- it gives a higher convection which results in efficient heat
transfer b/w media. The consequence of this heat transfer coefficient per unit area is not
only a smaller surface area requirement but also more efficient operation.
3. High temperature gives a self cleaning effect.
4. Flexibility- PHE consists of a framework containing several heat transfer plates. It can
easily be extended to increase capacity.
5. Variable thermal length- the narrow pattern causes high pressure drop and heat exchanger
more effective with a long thermal length. The wide pattern causes small pressure drop
and heat transfer coefficient is small with a small thermal channel.

Limitations of PHE

1. Extreme temperature difference b/w 2 fluids-it’s generally more cost efficient to use
a Shell & Tube heat exchanger. As in a Plate heat exchanger, there can be a high pressure
loss due to the large amount of turbulence created by the narrow flow channels.
2. Gasketed Plate Heat Exchangers are limited in high fluid temperatures, by the
temperature limitations of the gasket.
 Brazed type heat exchanger (BHE)

BHE is a compact variation of PHE but does not have carbon steel frame, gaskets or tightening
bolts. It simply has AISI 316 stainless steel corrugated channel plates and the heat exchangers
are brazed in a vacuum furnace and helium pressure tested to ensure leak-free performance.
There are no pressure retaining parts such as shell of a shell and tube type etc. This combination
with maximum heat transfer and high efficiency make it the most efficient HX. The flow rates
that it can handle are upto 140 m3/h and pressure from full vacuum to 31 bar. Even the
temperature range is high enough that is (-160 to 400 degrees). They’ve been used in NDL and
machine shop of axle plant and that too of GEA and FUNKE make.

Working of BHE Exploded view of BHE

Operating principle
Based on the plate and nozzle orientation, each fluid passes through alternative channels within
the heat exchanger. All plate material and nozzles are of Stainless Steel 316.

How to maintain BHE’S?

1. For heavier fouling use chemicals such as formic acid, citric acid in concentration
compatible with copper.
2. Use CIP(cleaning in place) systems to chemically remove calcium deposits and other
forms of scaling from different plate surfaces.
3. Do not leave the unit on standby after cleaning.
4. Do not use liquids that are corrosive to stainless steel or brazing material(Cu or Ni).

Due to their high level of compactness; and high turbulence, which causes the self cleaning
and reduces the scaling and fouling chances, their maintenance is less expensive.

Types of BHE-

On a Major level, BHE is divided into 2 sub categories- TPL series and GPL series

1. TPL SERIES- In case of media with average viscosity and high viscosity. The TPL
unit has special turbulators placed between the flow of gaps and by diagonal media flow
together with large diameter connections very high heat exchangers rates are reached.
2. GPL SERIES- Heat transfer plates with V-corrugation for universal application in case
of media with low velocity. GPL series has thermally optimized plate corrugation which
produces highly turbulent flow even in case of low mass flow.
3. CB- COPPER BRAZED HEAT EXCHANGER- These heat exchangers from the
smallest unit CB14, to the largest unit CB300, are brazed with 99.9 % copper. This forms
a self-contained unit that can handle both high pressures and high temperatures. The
exceptional heat transfer efficiency makes all CB units very compact. As a result, they
can tackle large-capacity duties even though there is only limited installation space
available.

4. FUSION BONDED PHE- AlfaNova, the world’s first 100% stainless steel and
fusion brazed plate heat exchanger. It’s Extreme temperature and pressure fatigue
conditions that would destroy a conventional brazed heat exchanger are no match for the
rugged AlfaNova. Compact, high-performance AlfaNova offers levels of hygiene and
corrosion-resistance unmatched by any other  BHE or any HX. 

TOP VIEW: GEA MAKE ,

GEA MAKE , BRAZED
BRAZED HEAT EXCHANGER
HEAT EXCHANGER
 TPL SERIES GPL SERIES

CB- COPPER BRAZED HEAT

EXCHANGER

ALFANOVA- FUSION
BONDED PHE

Vendor details:
NAME: Funke heat exchangers India pvt ltd.

ADDRESS:14, Hadapsar Industrial estate, Hadapsar, Opposite Kwality

bakery,Pune.

CONTACT PERSON: Ashish B Kale

PHONE NO:02066047894,9403961354

EMAIL ID: info@funke.co.in

NAME: GEA Ecoflex India Pvt Ltd.

ADDRESS: R-493, MIDC, TTC Industrial Area, Rabale

400701 Navi Mumbai
India

CONTACT PERSON: Virendra Jhamb

FAX: +91 22 27693797 

EMAIL ID: virendra.jhamb@geagroup.com

Advantages of BHE

1. High corrosion resistant- All plates uses SUS316 material.

2. High pressure resistant 

3. High thermal efficiency

4. High working temperature- Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger's SUS316 material structure
offers higher working temperature range up to 200℃.

5. Compactness

6. Low maintenance- The corrugated plates are designed to achieve turbulence flow at a low
flow rate, thus decreasing the need for frequent maintenance.

Shell and tube type heat exchanger

As the name suggests the heat exchange takes place between water flowing in the shell and the
tube. It’s an water-water heat exchanger. The hot water flows into the tube and cold water flows
in the shell and as a result of that heat is exchanged b/w the 2 fluids that are flowing. They’ve
been use in paint shops and utility plant.

It consists of a shell (a large pressure vessel) with a bundle of tubes inside it. One fluid runs
through the tubes, and another fluid flows over the tubes (through the shell) to transfer heat
between the two fluids. Then there are several baffles attached in the shell in order to obstruct
and redirect the flow of fluid in the shell side of an exchanger. These baffles are situated normal
to the walls of the shell and force the liquid to flow at right angles to the axis of the tubes Thus
increasing turbulence resulting in greater heat transfer.

Exploded view of shell and tube type heat exchanger

How to maintain the shell and tube type heat exchanger?

1. At regular intervals , an examination should be made of internal as well as external of
HX.
 2. Intervals b/w cleaning should not inc. because difficulty of cleaning will inc., as scaling
or deposits on tubes will inc.

3. Before disassembly, make sure that unit has been depressurized, vented and drained of all
hazardous materials purged.

4. Circulate hot wash oil and hot water with high vel. to remove sludge and salt deposits
from tubes.

Modes of failure with some safety aspects-

1. Breakdown of motor-Flow rate will dec. so when cold water comes from other
side the specific temp that is reqd. for engine testing will be obtained after a long time
thus inc energy loss + time loss .

SAFETY ASPECT- keep the motor as a spare.

2. Choking in tubes inside the shell of HX- Fluid flow will be affected and as a
result low heat transfer.

SAFETY ASPECT- Proper cleaning of shell and tubes once in 5-6 months.

3. Puncturing of tubes- choking may lead to Puncturing ; if not stopped in earlier

stages. So the safety aspect for it remains the same until the puncturing has actually
happened and when it has already happened then we don’t have any other option
other than changing the tubes.

SAFETY ASPECT- regular flushing is necessary, which comes under primary maintenance.

COOLING TOWERS

Cooling towers are heat removal devices used to transfer process waste heat to the atmosphere.
Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the
working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling
towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature.
Common applications include cooling the circulating water used in oil
refineries, petrochemical and other chemical plants, thermal power stations and HVAC systems
for cooling buildings. The main types of cooling towers are natural draft and induced draft
cooling towers. The classification is based on the type of air induction into the tower.
Cooling towers vary in size from small roof-top units to very large hyperboloid structures (as in
the adjacent image) that can be up to 200 metres tall and 100 metres in diameter, or rectangular
structures (as in Image 3) that can be over 40 metres tall and 80 metres long. The hyperboloid
cooling towers are often associated with nuclear power plants, although they are also used to
some extent in some large chemical and other industrial plants. Although these large towers are
very prominent, the vast majority of cooling towers are much smaller, including many units
installed on or near buildings to discharge heat from air conditioning.

FORCED DRAFT VENTILATION

Ventilating is the process of changing or replacing air in any space to control temperature or
remove moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust and airborne bacteria. Ventilation includes both the
exchange of air to the outside as well as circulation of air within the building. It is one of the
most important factors for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality in buildings. Methods for
ventilating a building may be divided into mechanical/forced and natural types. Ventilation is
used to remove unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduce outside air, and to keep
interior building air circulating, to prevent stagnation of the interior air. Forced ventilation is
used to control indoor air quality. Excess humidity, odors, and contaminants can often be
controlled via dilution or replacement with outside air. However, in humid climates much energy
is required to remove excess moisture from ventilation air.

Factors in the design of such systems include the flow rate (which is a function of the fan speed
and exhaust vent size) and noise level. If the ducting for the fans traverse unheated space (e.g.,
an attic), the ducting should be insulated as well to prevent condensation on the ducting. Direct
drive fans are available for many applications, and can reduce maintenance needs.

Ceiling fans and table/floor fans circulate air within a room for the purpose of reducing the
perceived temperature because of evaporation of perspiration on the skin of the occupants.
Data interpretation
TOTAL NO. OF HEAT EXCHANGERS IN CNH- 71

NO. OF RADIATOR TYPE HX - 46

TRACTOR PLANT -27
AXLE PLANT – 16
UTILITY AREA- 3
NO. OF PLATE TYPE HX- 8
COOLING TOWER- 6
NO. OF BRAZED TYPE HX- 5
NO. OF SHELL &TUBE TYPE HX- 6
TRACTOR PLANT- 2
UTILITY AREA – 4

8% RHE
8%
PHE
7%
BHE

SHELL &
11%
65%TUBE

COOLING
TOWER
DETAILS OF HEAT EXCHANGERS USED IN CNH

TYPE OF HX’s PLANT LINE/SHOP M/C NAME MAKE OF MODEL/TYPE

HX’s OF HX’s
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #533 DAIKIN
MAKINO A77
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #682 DAIKIN 90507
MAKINO A77
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #615 DAIKIN
MAKINO A81
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #534 DAIKIN
MAKINO A77
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #683 DAIKIN 40807
MAKINO A77
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE # 195 DAIKIN
MAKINO A81
TRACTOR MACHINE #50437 BKW
HELLER MCH
300
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #725 YUKEN
MAKINO A81
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #442 YUKEN
MAKINO A81

TYPE OF HX’s PLANT LINE/SHOP M/C NAME MAKE OF MODEL/TYPE

HX’s OF HX’s
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #441 DAIKIN
MAKINO A81
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #352 DAIKIN
MAKINO A77
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #685 DAIKIN
MAKINO A77
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #485 DAIKIN
MAKINO A77
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #351 DAIKIN
MAKINO A81
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #456 DAIKIN
MAKINO A77
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #533 DAIKIN 80017
MAKINO A77
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #684 DAIKIN
MAKINO A77
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #682 DAIKIN 70704
MAKINO A77
TYPE OF HX’s PLANT LINE/SHOP M/C NAME MAKE OF MODEL/TYPE
HX’s OF HX’s
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #440 DAIKIN
MAKINO A77
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #485 DAIKIN
MAKINO A77
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #634 DAIKIN
MAKINO A77
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #684 DAIKIN
MAKINO A77
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #456 DAIKIN
MAKINO A77
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #607 DAIKIN
MAKINO A81
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #352 DAIKIN
MAKINO A81
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #195 DAIKIN
MAKINO A81
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #532 DAIKIN
MAKINO A77

TYPE OF HX’s PLANT LINE/SHOP M/C NAME MAKE OF MODEL/TYPE

HX’s OF HX’s
SHELL AND TRACTOR ENGINE ENGINE YANTRA
TUBE TYPE SHOP ASSEMBLY
TEST CELL 4
RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #50604 BKW WRK10/2R28
SHOP HELLER MCH -CH2
300

RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #50603 BKW WRK10/2R28

SHOP HELLER MCH -CH2
300

RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #50437 BKW WRK10/2R28

SHOP HELLER MCH -CH2
300

RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #50239 BKW WRK10/2R28

SHOP HELLER MCH -CH2
300

RHE TRACTOR MACHINE #50240 BKW WRK10/2R28

SHOP HELLER MCH -CH2
300
TYPE OF HX’s PLANT LINE/SHOP M/C NAME MAKE OF MODEL/TYPE
HX’s OF HX’s
PHE TRACTOR PAINT SHOP CHESSISE PHE Alfa laval AM 10 FM1

PHE TRACTOR PAINT SHOP PRE Alfa laval P2FL1 (OLD)

DEGREASING
TANK NO.1
PHE TRACTOR PAINT SHOP DEGREASING Alfa laval P2FL1
-1 TANK NO.
2
PHE TRACTOR PAINT SHOP DEGREASING Alfa laval P2FL1
-2 TANK NO.
3
PHE TRACTOR PAINT SHOP PHOSPHATE Alfa laval P2FL1 (OLD)
TANK NO. 7
PHE TRACTOR PAINT SHOP PHOSPHATE Alfa laval M6-MFG
TANK NO. 7 (NEW)

PHE TRACTOR PAINT SHOP CED BATH Alfa laval P2FL1

TANK NO. 11
PHE TRACTOR PAINT SHOP PRE Alfa laval M6-mfg
DEGREASING (NEW)
TANK NO.1

TYPE OF HX’s PLANT LINE/SHOP M/C NAME MAKE OF MODEL/TYPE

HX’s OF HX’s
BRAZED HX’s TRACTOR NDL (NEW NDL M/C 1 FUNKE
DRIVE LINE)
BRAZED HX’s TRACTOR NDL (NEW NDL M/C 2 FUNKE
DRIVE LINE)
RHE AXLE DIFFERENTIA BEMCO WARKIN
L LINE
RHE AXLE DIFFERENTIA HIND GK ENGG. HH5C-PLC
L LINE HH473-
11797
RHE AXLE STEERING BEMCO WARKIN DSL 50
KNUCKLE 20Ton
LINE
RHE AXLE STEERING HIND 5Ton GK ENGG. HH5C-PLC
KNUCKLE
LINE
RHE AXLE STEERING BEMCO WARKIN DSL 50
KNUCKLE 20Ton
LINE
RHE AXLE STEERING BEMCO WARKIN DSL 50
KNUCKLE 20Ton
LINE
 TYPE OF HX’s PLANT LINE/SHOP M/C NAME MAKE OF MODEL/TYPE
HX’s OF HX’s

RHE AXLE PLANET BEMCO WARKIN DKL 307

CARRIER LINE 40Ton

RHE AXLE PLANET BEMCO WARKIN DKL 307

CARRIER LINE 40Ton

RHE AXLE MACHINE MAC 6290 YUKEN

SHOP MAKINO
A100E
RHE AXLE MACHINE MAC 11173 YUKEN
SHOP MAKINO
A100E
RHE AXLE MACHINE MAC 6291 YUKEN
SHOP MAKINO
A100E
RHE AXLE MACHINE MAKINO A81 YUKEN
SHOP

RHE AXLE MACHINE MAKINO A81 YUKEN

SHOP

TYPE OF PLANT SHOP MACHINE MAKE MODEL

HX NAME
RHE TRACTOR DRIVE #50525 BKW WRK10/2R28-
LINE HELLER CH2
MCH 300
RHE TRACTOR DRIVE #50237 BKW WRK10/2R28-
LINE HELLER CH2
MCH 300
RHE TRACTOR DRIVE #51276 BKW WRK10/2R28-
LINE HELLER CH2
MCH 300
BHE AXLE M/C SHOP FAMAR GEA WP 1-24E
ERGO 500
BHE AXLE M/C SHOP FAMAR GEA WP1-24E
ERGO 500
BHE AXLE M/C SHOP FAMAR GEA WP 1-24E
ERGO 500
Bibliography
1. http://www.alfalaval.com/products-and-solutions/plate-heat-
exchangers/pages/plate-heat-exchangers.aspx

2. http://www.plumbingpages.com/featurepages/Design.cfm

3. http://www.hrsasia.co.in/phe_types.aspx

4. http://www.thermasys.com/heat-exchangers-site/heat-exchangers-home/

5. http://www.lytron.com/Heat-Exchangers/Drawings-and-3D-Models

6. http://www.daikin.com/global_ac/products/vrv/heatreclaim/feature03.html

7. http://specifiers.vectorgas.co.nz/ventilation-flueing/flue-types.php#Fan
forced balanced flues

8. http://www.kaori-taiwan.com/brazed-plate.html

9. www.wikipedia.com

10. http://www.alfalaval.com/solution-finder/products/cb/pages/cb.aspx
11. www.grotal.com

12. http://www.cheresources.com/invision/topic/13896-heat-exchanger-
backwash/