Atomic Structure
Atomic Structure
Structure
• The Schrödinger equation, sometimes called the
Schrödinger wave equation, is a partial differential
equation. It uses the concept of energy conservation
(Kinetic Energy + Potential Energy = Total Energy) to
obtain information about the behavior of an electron bound
to a nucleus.
Pz
Py
1) The principal quantum number (n)
• The principal quantum number n describes the average
distance of the orbital from the nucleus — and the
energy of the electron in an atom.
• It can have only positive integer (whole number)
values: 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on.
• The larger the value of n, the higher the energy and the
larger the orbital, or electron shell.
2) The angular momentum quantum number (l)
• Describes the shape of the orbital, and the shape is
limited by the principal quantum number n:
Figure (b)
Figure (c) shows
the shape of d
orbitals.
Figure (c)
• Notes for the different kinds of orbitals:
1) Each kind of orbital has a different "shape", and the
shapes get progressively more complex.
2) It can also be seen that:
• The s-kind has only one orbital
• The p-kind has three orbitals
• The d-kind has five orbitals *Remember ml
• Each orbital can hold only two electrons.
• This means that the 1s, 2s, 3s, 4s, etc., can each
hold two electrons because they each have only one orbital.
• The 2p, 3p, 4p, etc., can each hold six electrons because they
each have three orbitals, that can hold two electrons each
(3*2=6).
• The 3d, 4d etc., can each hold ten electrons, because they each
have five orbitals, and each orbital can hold two electrons
(5*2=10).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-jNgq16jEY
4) The spin quantum number (ms)