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    04 03 Mass Spectrometry 12 PDF

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    isimone7
    Mass spectrometry quantitatively analyzes the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of molecules. It can achieve extremely high resolution between compounds of similar mass. Various ionization methods are used, including electron ionization and electrospray ionization, depending on whether small molecules or macromolecules are being analyzed. Different mass spectrometer designs like quadrupole, time-of-flight, and ion trap are used to separate ions based on their m/z for analysis.

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    04 03 Mass Spectrometry 12 PDF

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    isimone7
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    Mass spectrometry quantitatively analyzes the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of molecules. It can achieve extremely high resolution between compounds of similar mass. Various ionization methods are used, including electron ionization and electrospray ionization, depending on whether small molecules or macromolecules are being analyzed. Different mass spectrometer designs like quadrupole, time-of-flight, and ion trap are used to separate ions based on their m/z for analysis.

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    Mass spectrometry quantitatively analyzes the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of molecules. It can achieve extremely high resolution between compounds of similar mass. Various ionization methods are used, including electron ionization and electrospray ionization, depending on whether small molecules or macromolecules are being analyzed. Different mass spectrometer designs like quadrupole, time-of-flight, and ion trap are used to separate ions based on their m/z for analysis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    33 views8 pages

    04 03 Mass Spectrometry 12 PDF

    Uploaded by

    isimone7
    Mass spectrometry quantitatively analyzes the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of molecules. It can achieve extremely high resolution between compounds of similar mass. Various ionization methods are used, including electron ionization and electrospray ionization, depending on whether small molecules or macromolecules are being analyzed. Different mass spectrometer designs like quadrupole, time-of-flight, and ion trap are used to separate ions based on their m/z for analysis.

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    of 8

    18/06/06

    Mass  Spectrometry  

    An  Overview  
    •  Mass  spectrometry  quan6ta6vely  analyzes  the  
    mass-­‐to-­‐charge  ra6o  (m/z)  of  molecules.  
    C2H6O3  
    Mw  =  78.0317  

    Ni+ Fe2+ NH4+ ✔


    C6H6  
    Mw  =  78.0470

    m  =  28   m  =  56   m  =  18  


    z  =  1   z  =  2   z  =  1  
    ​𝑚⁄𝑧  =  28 ​𝑚⁄𝑧  =  28 ​𝑚⁄𝑧  =  18
    Cannot  
    Dis6nguish!

    1
    18/06/06

    An  Overview  
    •  Mass  spectrometry  quan6ta6vely  analyzes  the  
    mass-­‐to-­‐charge  ra6o  (m/z)  of  molecules.  
    C2H6O3  
    •  Can  achieve  extremely  high  resolu6on   Mw  =  78.0317  
    ✔
    between  compounds  of  similar  mass.   C6H6  
    Mw  =  78.0470

    •  The  ioniza6on  of  sample  is  required  for  


    measurement.  

    Ioniza6on  Methods  for  Small  Molecules


    •  Electron  ioniza6on  (EI)  

    Redrawn  from:    Department  of  Chemistry,  University  of  Pi]sburgh  

    2
    18/06/06

    Ioniza6on  Methods  for  Small  Molecules


    •  Electron  ioniza6on  (EI)  

    •  Chemical  ioniza6on  (CI)  

    Redrawn  from:    Department  of  Chemistry,  University  of  Pi]sburgh  

    Ioniza6on  Methods  for  Small  Molecules


    •  Electron  ioniza6on  (EI)  

    •  Chemical  ioniza6on  (CI)  Primary  i-­‐on  forma+on:  


    　CH4  +  e  ➝ CH4+•  +  2e-­‐  
       

    Secondary  ion  forma+on:  


    　CH4  +  CH4+•  ➝ CH5+  +  CH3•  
    　CH4+•  ➝ CH3+  +  H•    
    　CH4  +  CH3+  ➝ C2H5+  +  H2  
       

    Product  ion  forma+on:  


    　A  +  CH5+  ➝ CH4  +  AH+  (protona6on)  
    　A  +  C2H5+  ➝ A-­‐C2H5+  (adduct  forma6on)  
    　Fragmenta6on  also  occurs  
    Redrawn  from:    Department  of  Chemistry,  University  of  Pi]sburgh  

    3
    18/06/06

    Ioniza6on  Methods  for  Small  Molecules


    •  Electron  ioniza6on  (EI)  

    •  Chemical  ioniza6on  (CI)  

    •  More  suitable  for  the  


    analysis  of  gases  or  
    vapors  

    Rohrbaugh  &  Sarver,  J.  Chromatogr.  A,  1998  

    Ioniza6on  Methods  for  Macromolecules  


    •  Electrospray  ioniza6on  (ESI)  

    Analyte  can  be  


    mul6ply  charged  

    Image  credit:    h]p://what-­‐when-­‐how.com/proteomics/mass-­‐


    spectrometry-­‐proteomics/  
    Image  credit:    Life  Science  Mass  Spectrometry  Facility,  University  of  Bristol  

    4
    18/06/06

    Ioniza6on  Methods  for  Macromolecules  


    •  Electrospray  ioniza6on  (ESI)  
     
    •  Matrix-­‐Assisted  Laser  Desorp6on/Ioniza6on  
    (MALDI)  

    Image  credit:  Centre  of  Excellence  for  Mass  Spectrometry,  


    King’s  College  London  

    Sector  Mass  Spectrometer  


    Apply  force  that  deflect  the  
    advancing  ions  according  to  m/z.    

    •  Mass  spectrum  
    obtained  by  scanning  
    the  magne6c  field  

    Courtesy  of  Shimadzu  Corpora6on  

    5
    18/06/06

    Sector  Mass  Spectrometer  


    •  Resolu6on  can  be  
    improved  by  double  
    focusing  configura6on  

    •  Slow  scanning  rate  of  


    the  magne6c  analyzer  
    remains  a  problem  

    Wiedenbeck  et  al.  GGR.  2012,  36(4),  337-­‐398.  

    Time-­‐of-­‐Flight  (TOF)  Mass  Spectrometer  


    E  

    Accelera6on  region   Drij  tube  

    •  Theore6cally,  the  mass  spectrum  over  the  


    whole  m/z  range  can  be  recorded  over  6me.  
    h]p://what-­‐when-­‐how.com/proteomics/6me-­‐of-­‐
    flight-­‐mass-­‐spectrometry-­‐proteomics/  

    6
    18/06/06

    Quadrupole  Mass  Spectrometer  


    •  An  “m/z  filter”  that  only  lets  ions  with  a  
    designated  m/z  pass  through  the  quadrupole  

    Image  credit:    Life  Science  Mass  Spectrometry  Facility,  University  of  Bristol  

    Ion  Trap  Mass  Spectrometers


    •  Quadrupole  ion  tap   •  Orbitrap  

    Courtesy  of  Shimadzu  Corpora6on  


    Junot  et  al.,  Analyst,  2010  

    7
    18/06/06

    Tandem  Mass  Spectrometry  


    •  The  combina6on  of  mul6ple  m/z  separa6on  
    methods  with  analyte  fragmenta6on  in  between  

    Take-­‐home  Message  

    Mass  spectroscopy  analyzes  the  m/z  


    of  analytes  at  an  extremely  high  
    resolu6on  and  sensi6vity  

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