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    Import & Export Management: Muhammad Zahid Malik

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    Nasir Hussain
    The document discusses key concepts in international trade management including import and export requirements, documentation, tariffs, trade agreements, and challenges. It provides guidelines for packing, labeling, and insuring exports. International trade involves economic transactions between countries that are facilitated by financial payments and influenced by trade agreements and tariffs.

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    Import & Export Management: Muhammad Zahid Malik

    Uploaded by

    Nasir Hussain
    64 views21 pages
    The document discusses key concepts in international trade management including import and export requirements, documentation, tariffs, trade agreements, and challenges. It provides guidelines for packing, labeling, and insuring exports. International trade involves economic transactions between countries that are facilitated by financial payments and influenced by trade agreements and tariffs.

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    import and export7

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    ImpEx 06_07

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    The document discusses key concepts in international trade management including import and export requirements, documentation, tariffs, trade agreements, and challenges. It provides guidelines for packing, labeling, and insuring exports. International trade involves economic transactions between countries that are facilitated by financial payments and influenced by trade agreements and tariffs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    64 views21 pages

    Import & Export Management: Muhammad Zahid Malik

    Uploaded by

    Nasir Hussain
    The document discusses key concepts in international trade management including import and export requirements, documentation, tariffs, trade agreements, and challenges. It provides guidelines for packing, labeling, and insuring exports. International trade involves economic transactions between countries that are facilitated by financial payments and influenced by trade agreements and tariffs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Import & Export Management

    Muhammad Zahid Malik


    zahid.malik@iqra.edu.pk
    INTERNATIONAL
    TRADE

    2
    International Trade Management
    ■ The negotiating, planning, and ■ It includes planning and actions
    implementation of supporting related to the utilization logistic
    logistic arrangements between policies, systems, and/or
    nations, their forces, and procedures to meet
    agencies. requirements of one or more
    foreign governments,
    international organizations, or
    forces.
    Government Influences
     Political Restrictions of Trade
    ◦ Tariffs
    ◦ Nontariff barriers
     Import quota
    ◦ Embargoes
     As of October, 2007, the
    United States has
    sanctions against: China,
    Ivory Coast, Cuba,
    Democratic Republic of
    the Congo , Iran,
    Myanmar, Sudan, Syria,
    Venezuela, and Zimbabwe
     International Transport
    ◦ Cargo preference rules

    4
    Challenges
    ■ Economic Conditions
    – Currency Changes
    ■ Laws, Regulations, and
    Legal systems
    ■ Cultural Considerations
    – Language
    – National Holidays

    5
    Exporting Requirements

    ■ Shipping a product overseas


    – Packing
    – Labeling
    – Documentation
    – Insurance requirements
    Note: Most exporters rely on an international freight forwarder to perform these services
    because of the multitude of considerations involved in physically exporting goods

    6
    Reasons Used Guidelines
    – Move goods easily  Pack in strong containers,
    adequately sealed and filled when
    through customs possible.
    – Protect Products  Make sure the weight is evenly
    distributed.
     Goods should be palletized and
    when possible containerized.
     Packages and packing filler should
    be made of moisture-resistant
    material.
     To avoid pilferage, avoid writing
    contents or brand names on
    packages. Other safeguards include
    using straps, seals, and shrink
    wrapping.
     Observe any product-specific
    hazardous materials packing
    requirements.
    Packing
    7
    Markings on cartons to
    Reasons be shipped
    ■ Meet shipping regulations  Shipper's mark
    ■ Ensure proper handling  Country of origin
    ■ Conceal the identity of the  Weight marking
    contents  Number of packages and size of
    ■ Help receivers identify cases
    shipments  Handling marks
    ■ Insure compliance with  Cautionary markings, such as
    environmental and safety "This Side Up" or "Use No
    standards Hooks"
     Port of entry
     Labels for hazardous materials

    Labeling
    8
    Incoterms Rules

    Resource Person: Muhammad Zahid Malik zahid.malik@iqra.edu.pk


    9
    Business Process Reengineering
    Resource Person: Muhammad Zahid Malik zahid.malik@iqra.edu.pk
    10
    Business Process Reengineering
    Documentation
    ■ Air waybills ■ Dock receipt and a
    warehouse receipt
    ■ Bill of lading
    ■ Destination control
    ■ Commercial invoice
    statement
    ■ Consular invoice
    ■ Shipper's Export
    ■ Certificate of origin Declaration(SED)
    ■ NAFTA certificate of origin ■ Export license
    ■ Inspection certification ■ Export packing list
    ■ Insurance certificate

    11
    Insurance
    Reasons
    ■ Damaging weather conditions
    ■ Rough handling by carriers,
    ■ Other common hazards to cargo
    Type of covers
    ■ Marine cargo insurance
    ■ Cargo insurance

    12
    Schedule B and HS Numbers
     The Harmonized System (HS)
    ◦ Assigns 6 digit number
    ◦ 4 additional numbers (by country)
    ◦ 10 Digits total

     US use Schedule B system


    ◦ Based on the international HS system

    13
    Schedule B and HS Numbers

    Reasons
     To determine applicable import tariff rates and whether a product qualifies for a
    preferential tariff under a Free Trade Agreement;
     The Schedule B number is needed to complete the Shipper’s Export Declaration,
    Certificates of Origin and other shipping documents; and
     The HS Number may be needed on shipping documents, such as certificates of
    origin

    14
    Tariffs and Imports fees

    ■ Tariff is a tax set by governments on the value of products imported from one
    country into another.
    ■ Tariffs are assesses before importing the product.
    ■ Types of Tariffs:
    – Sales and state taxes,
    – Customs fees
    Tariffs and Imports fees (cont.)

     Steps to determine the Tariff Rate


    ◦ Step 1: Determine your HS or Schedule B Number
    ◦ Step 2: Determine Tariff Rates
     Country Specific Tariff and Tax information
     U.S. Government Tariff Resources for Agricultural Exports
     Online Tariff Database provided by Customs Info LLC .
     Review Export. Government’s disclaimer
     Tariff and Tax Information for U.S. Territories
     Sending Gifts
     Additional Tariff Resources
    Common Export Documents

    ■ There are commonly Export Documents used in exporting, but specific requirements
    vary by destination and product.
    – Airway Bill
    – Bill of Landing
    – Commercial Invoice
    – Export Packing List
    – Electronic Export Information Form
    Certificate Of Origin

     The Certificate of Origin (CO) is required by some countries for all or only certain
    products.
     The exporter should verify whether a CO is required with the buyer and/or an
    experienced shipper/freight forwarder or the Trade Information center.
     Most common are Certificate of Origin for claiming benefits under Free Trade
    Agreements
    OTHER CERTIFICATES

    ■ Certificate of Analysis
    ■ Certificate of Free Sale
    ■ Dangerous Goods Certificate
    ■ Fumigation Certificate
    ■ Health Certificate
    ■ Ingredients Certificate
    International Trade
     Defined as economic
    transactions that are made
    between countries.
     International trade
    transactions are facilitated
    by international financial
    payments, in which the
    private banking system and
    the Central Banks of the
    trading nations play
    important roles.
    Trade Agreements

    ■ The purpose of US Trade Agreements is to create


    opportunities for Americans and help to grow the U.S.
    economy.
    ■ Administering trade agreements involves:
    – Monitoring the trading partners’ implementation.
    – Negotiating and signing trade agreements that advance the
    President's trade policy
    ■ An important type of trade agreement is the Trade and
    Investment Framework Agreement (TIFAs)

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