3 HEAT

I. Tick (✔) the most appropriate answer.

1.The coolant used in car radiators
is:
(a) alcohol (b) benzene (c) water (d) petrol
2. During a sea breeze there is a fall in pressure over the surface of:
(a) water (b) land (c) air (d) none of these
3. The heat required to raise the temperature through 1°C is called:
(a) specific heat (b) thermal energy
(c) thermal capacity (d) calorie
4.The conversion of ice into water is an example of:
(a) evaporation (b) melting (c) freezing (d) vaporisation
5.The temperature at which a liquid gets converted into vapour
states is called its:
(a) boiling point (b) melting point
(c) freezing point (d) dew point
6.The SI unit of latent heat is:
(a) J/g (b) J/kg. (c) J/kg °C (d) J/g °C
7.Land breeze blows:
(a) only during the day (b) only during the night
(c) throughout the night and day(d) none of these
8.Cooling is caused during:
(a) vaporisation (b) heating (c) evaporation (d) none of these
9.Which of these substances has the highest specific heat?
(a) aluminium (b) copper (c) water (d) alcohol
10.The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is:
(a) 4.2 J/g°C (b) 4200 J/kg°C (c) 336 J/g (d) 336000 J/g
11.During snow storm, the atmosphere gets:
(a) warm (b) cold (c) very cold (d) very hot.
12.Sea breeze blows:
(a) only during day (b) only during night

Class-VIII Physics 1 Question Bank

 (c) throughout day and night (d) none of these

Class-VIII Physics 2 Question Bank

 Ans. 1.(c)2.(b)3.(c)4.(b)5.(a)6.(b)
7.(b)8.(c)9.(c)10.(c)11.(a)12.(a)
II. Fill in the blanks.
1. has the lowest specific heat amongst all liquids.
2.Water is used in a hot water bottle for .
3.Water is used as a in thermal power stations.
4.The cold air moving from land towards the sea is called .
5.1 kilocalorie = joules.
6.The amount of heat required to change the state of a substance
without any change in temperature is called the .
7.The boiling point of water is .
8.The temperature at which the solid state of a substance gets
converted into liquid state is called its .
9.At ____________ equilibrium, no heat flows from the body at
higher temperature to that at lower
temperature. 10.The SI unit of heat capacity is .
11.Heat energy always flows from a body at ____________
temperature to a body at lower .
12.When two bodies at different temperatures on coming in contact
with one another attain same temperature, then heat given out by
body is equal to heat absorbed by body.
13.The heat energy required to raise the temperature of
of substance through is called specific heat
capacity.
14.The unit of is J °C –1.
15. During the change in state, the temperature of a substance remains
____________.
16.The temperature at which a solid starts changing into liquid state, is
called______________.
17. Rise in temperature of a body is an of heat.
18. When two bodies at different temperatures are brought into contact,
the body gains heat.
19.Exchange of heat between two bodies can take place only if
______________________________.
 20.The temperature of a body gives a measure of .
21.The effect of same quantity of heat on equal masses of different
substances is______________.
22.The SI unit of heat is .
23. is a characteristic of the material of which a
substance is made of.
24.200 calories = joules.
25.The specific heat capacity of substance A is double that of substance
B. Therefore, the heat capacity of substance B will
substance A.
26.2260 J is the quantity of heat required to convert to
at the same temperature.
27.The quantity of heat that has to be supplied to melt ice at 0°C to
water 0°C is .
28. The greater the mass of a substance the its heat
capacity.
29. are good conductors of heat.
30.The amount of heat energy supplied to a liquid at its boiling point
such that it changes into gaseous state at some fixed temperature,
without any in temperature is called latent heat of
____________.
31.The process due to which a rapidly changes into gaseous
state at some fixed temperature with the of heat is
called vaporisation.
Ans. 1.mercury2.fomentation purposes3.coolant
4.land breeze5.42006.latent heat
7.100 °C8.melting point9.thermal
10.J/°C11.higher, temperature12.hot, cold
13.1 g, 1 °C14.heat capacity15.constant
16.melting point17.example18.colder
19.there exists a temperature difference between them
20.heat21.different22.joule
23.specific heat24.84025.half of
 26.water, steam27.336 J/g28.greater
29.metals30.rise, vaporisation
31.liquid, absorption
III. Write true or false for each statement given below.
1.The SI unit of specific heat capacity is J/kg °C.
2.More is the specific heat capacity of a substance, more is the rise
in temperature for given amount of heat.
3.Heat energy required to melt 1 g of ice at 0°C to form water at
0°C is 2260 J.
4.Water at 100°C causes more severe burns than steam at 100°C.
5.Land and sea breezes are caused due to high specific heat
capacity of water.
6.1 calorie is equal to 2.4 J.
7.The unit of specific heat capacity of vaporisation is Joule/Kilogram.
8.The temperature at which a liquid change to solid is called
solidification point..
Ans. 1.True2.False3.False4.False5.True
6.False7.False8.True
IV. Write true or false for each statement. Rewrite the false statements
correctly.
1.We feel refreshed under a tree during summers.
Ans.True
2.Boiling takes place at all temperatures.
Ans.False
Correct statement: Boiling takes place at a fixed temperature.
3.Evaporation takes place over the entire mass of the liquid.
Ans.False
Correct statement: Evaporation takes place over the upper surface
of the liquid
4.Boiling water at 100°C gives out more heat than an equal amount
of steam at 100 °C.
Ans.False
Class-VIII Physics 4 Question Bank
 Correct statement: Steam at 100 °C gives out more heat than an
equal amount of boiling water at 100 °C
5.When heat energy is supplied to a substance, its intermolecular
space increases.
Ans.True
6.The process due to which a liquid on heating changes to vapour
state at some fixed temperature is called condensation.
Ans.False
Correct statement: The process due to which a liquid on heating
changes to vapour state at some fixed temperature is called boiling.
7.The rise in temperature or quantity of heat absorbed by a
substance depends on the mass of the substance taken.
Ans.True
8.In cold countries, juice bottles are kept under water.
Ans.True
9.The more the temperature of a hot body, the more slowly the heat
flows from it into the cold body.
Ans.False
Correct statement: The more the temperature of a hot body, the
more rapidly the heat flows from it into the cold body.
10. The heat energy required to raise the temperature of a given mass
of water through 1 °C is 4.2 J.
Ans.False
Correct statement: The heat energy required to raise the
temperature of 1 gram of water through 1 °C is 4.2 J.
11.The temperature at which a liquid changes into gaseous state
rapidly is called melting point.
Ans.False
Correct statement: The temperature at which a liquid changes into
gaseous state rapidly is called boiling point.
12. Heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance
through 1°C is called thermal capacity of the substance.
 Correct statement: Heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of
a substance through 1°C is called specific heat capacity of the
substance.
13.The specific heat capacity of water is 2.4 Jg –1°C–1.
Ans.False
Correct statement: The specific heat capacity of water is
4.2 Jg–1°C–1.
V. Match the column A with column B.
Column A Column B
1.Latent heat of fusion of ice (a) 100°C
2.Latent heat of vaporisation of water (b) 4200 J/kg °C
3.Specific heat of water (c) 2.26 × 10 6 J/kg
4.Specific heat of aluminium (d) 0 °C
5.Boiling point of water (e) 900 J/kg °C
6.Melting point of ice (f) 3.36 × 10 5 J/Kg
Ans.1. (f), 2. (c), 3. (b), 4. (e) 5. (a), 6. (d)
VI. Find the odd one out. Give reasons for your choice.
1.Quantity of heat absorbed, heat supplied, mass, nature, density of
the substance.
Ans.The quantity of heat absorbed by a substance depends on the heat
supplied, mass of the substance and nature of the substance. But it
does not depend on the density of the substance. Hence density of
the substance is odd one among quantity of heat absorbed, heat
supplied, mass, nature and density of the substance.
2.Kilojoules, joules, calories, newton.
Ans.Newton is the unit of force while kilojoules, joules and calories are
the units of heat energy.
VII. Differentiate between the following.
1.Heat and temperature.
Ans.Heat is an invisible energy, which causes in us the sensation of
hotness or coldness while the degree of hotness or coldness of a
body is called temperature. In SI system heat is measured in joule
Class-VIII Physics 6 Question Bank
 whereas

Class-VIII Physics 7 Question Bank

 temperature is measured in Kelvin.
2.Specific heat and latent heat.
Ans.The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass
of a substance by 1°C is called its specific heat. Its SI unit is
J/ kg °C while the amount of heat required to change the state of a
substance without any change in the temperature is called the
latent heat. Its SI unit is J/kg.
3.Melting point and boiling point.
Ans.The temperature at which a solid starts changing into liquid state is
called melting point, while the temperature at which a liquid
changes into gaseous state rapidly is called boiling point.
4.Conductors and insulators of heat.
Ans.The materials which allow the heat energy to pass through them
quickly are called conductors of heat while the materials which do
not allow the heat energy to pass through them easily are called
insulators of heat.
Metals like silver, copper, etc. are conductors of heat while wool,
glass, etc. are insulators of heat.
5.Calorie and joule.
Ans.The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one
gram of water by 1 °C is called one calorie.
Calorie is the practical unit of heat while joule is the SI unit of heat
1 Calorie = 4.2 joules
6.Latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporisation.
Ans.Latent heat of fusion of a substance is the quantity of heat required
to convert unit mass of the substance from the solid state to the
liquid state at its melting point without any change of
temperature, while latent heat of vaporisation is the quantity of
heat required to convert unit mass of the substance from the liquid
state to the vapour state at its boiling point without any change of
temperature.
VIII. Give reasons for the following.
1.On supplying the same amount of heat to equal quantities of
water and milk, their temperature rises by different amounts.
Ans.On supplying the same amount of heat to equal quantities of water
and milk, their temperature rises by different amounts. It is
because the quantity of heat absorbed depends upon the nature of
material.
2.Water cannot be used as a thermometric liquid.
Ans.Water has the highest specific heat and a small amount of heat cannot
raise the temperature of water. So water cannot be used as
thermometric liquid
3.During summer, people use earthern pots to get cool water.
Ans.When water comes out of the tiny pores of the earthern pots, it gets
evaporated. It requires a lot of heat to change from liquid to vapour
state. This heat is drawn from the surroundings and from the water
itself. Thus water gets cooled. So people use earthern pots to get
cool water during summer.
4.Kolkata has an equitable climate.
Ans.Kolkata has an equitable climate because it is situated near sea and
is affected by land and sea breezes which are due to high specific
heat capacity of water.
5.We feel refreshed under a fan after perspiring.
Ans.We feel refreshed under a fan after perspiring because when the
sweat evaporates, it takes the heat required for evaporation from
the body, thereby cooling it and maintaining the temperature of the
body.
6.Water from lakes, rivers, etc. does not vaporise rapidly.
Ans.Water from lakes, rivers, etc. does not vaporise rapidly because
water has very high specific heat so a large amount of heat energy
is required for evaporation of water.
7.An ice-cube is used for cooling a drink.
Ans.An ice-cube is used for cooling a drink because water has the
highest specific heat capacity and it absorbs a large amount of heat
from drink to change an ice-cube into water and the drink gets
cooled.
8.Water is used as a coolant in automobiles.
Ans.Water is used as a coolant in automobiles because it has the highest
specific heat capacity and absorbs a large amount of heat energy
produced by the automobiles.
 9.It takes much lesser time to heat 10 g of mercury to 50 °C than to
heat 10 g of water to the same temperature.
Ans.It takes much lesser time to heat 10 g of mercury to 50 °C than to
heat 10 g of water to the same temperature because the quantity of
heat absorbed depends upon the chemical composition or nature of
the substances i.e., specific heat of the substance. Specific heat of
mercury is 136 J/kg °C whereas the specific heat of mercury is
4200 J/kg °C.
10.Steam causes more severe burns than boiling water.
Ans.Steam causes more severe burns than boiling water because steam
at 100 °C releases additional heat which is equal to latent heat,
which makes it to cause more severe burns.
11.A hot water bottle is a more effective warming device than a block
of wood having the same mass and at the same temperature.
Ans.A hot water bottle is a more effective warming device than a block
of wood having the same mass and at the same temperature
because water in hot water bottles has very high specific heat
capacity and can store a large amount of heat energy at
comparatively low temperature as compared to a block of wood.
12.We generally feel cold after bath.
Ans.We generally feel cold after bath because when water evaporates, it
takes the heat required for evaporation from the body which makes
the body feel cold.
13. It is generally colder after a hail storm than during and before the
hailstorm.
Ans.It is generally cold after a hailstorm than during and before the hail
storm because water has high specific heat capacity and the hail
requires a lot of heat to convert into liquid state which it takes
from the surroundings and makes the environment cool.
14.In summer after a rainfall, the heat is generally very oppressive.
Ans.In summer after a rainfall, the heat is generally very oppressive
because, the air is almost saturated with water vapour. Thus, the
evaporation of sweat from our body drops suddenly and hence the
 body stops losing heat. This in turn gives a very oppressive
sensation.
15.In summer, dogs hang out their tongues.
Ans.During summer, saliva of dog’s tongue get evaporated by taking
heat from dog’s body so, they hang out their tongues.
16.Tea gets cooled when sugar is added to it.
Ans.Tea gets cooled when sugar is added to it because sugar particles
take some heat from tea to get dissolve and make the tea cool.
17.Ice-cream appears colder to the mouth as compared to water at
0°C.
Ans.Ice-cream appears colder to the mouth than water at 0 °C due to its
high latent heat of fusion. Every gram of ice-cream absorbs
336 joules of heat energy more than water at 0 °C from the mouth.
18.Damp “khus-khus” screens are used to cool air in the room in
summers.
Ans.Damp “khus-khus” screens are used to cool air in the room in
summers. The reason is that when water evaporates from the khus-
khus, latent heat of vapourization is taken from the air entering the
room, as a result the air of the room gets cool.
19.A person with high fever is often advised to put a wet cloth on his/
her forehead.
Ans.A person with high fever is often advised to put a wet cloth on his/
her forehead, the reason is that when water from wet cloth put on
patients forehead evaporates, it takes away the necessary heat from
the body of the patient and thus lowers the temperature of his/her
body.
IX. Answer the following questions.
1.(a) Define heat energy.
(b) How does heat energy flow from one body to another body?
Ans.(a) Heat is an invisible energy which causes in us the sensation of
hotness or coldness.
(b) Heat energy always flows from a body at a higher temperature
to a body at lower temperature till both the bodies attain same
temperature.
 2.(a) Define (i) calorie (ii) kilocalorie.
(b) Name the unit in which heat energy is measured these days.
(c) How many joules are equal to one calorie?
Ans.(a) (i) Calorie: The amount of heat energy required to raise the
temperature of one gram of water through 1°C is called one
calorie.
(ii) Kilocalorie: The amount of heat energy required to raise
the temperature of 1 kilogram of water through 1°C is called
one kilocalorie.
(b) These days, heat energy is measured in terms of Joules.
(c) 1 calorie = 4.2 joules
3.State three factors which determine the quantity of heat energy in
a body.
Ans.The three factors which determine the quantity of heat energy in a
body are:
(a) Mass of the substance (b) Nature of the substance
(c) Amount of heat supplied
4.Define the term specific heat capacity and state its units.
Ans.The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one
gram of a substance through 1°C is called specific heat capacity of
the substance.
The S.I. unit of specific heat capacity is J kg–1 °C–1. However, the
unit J g–1 °C–1 is commonly used.
5.What do you understand by the statement that specific heat
capacity of copper is 400 J kg–1 °C–1?
Ans.The statement specific heat capacity of copper is 400 J kg –1 °C–1
means that 400 Joules of heat energy is required to raise the
temperature of one kilogram of copper through 1°C.
6.What do you understand by the term thermal capacity? State its
units?
Ans.The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a
given mass of substance through 1°C is called its heat capacity or
thermal capacity. Its unit is J/°C in S.I. system.
7.Why do we prefer warm water in hot water bottles for fomentation?
Ans.Owing to its high specific heat capacity of 4.2 J/°C, water can store
large amount of heat energy at comparatively low temperature as
compared to other substances so, it is used in hot water bottles for
fomentation purposes.
8.Explain the formation of land and sea breezes.
Ans. Sea Breeze: During day time, the
temperature of the land rises more
rapidly as compared to the sea. It
is because the specific heat of
land is less than the sea water.
The air above the land gets
heated, and rises up. It results in
the fall of pressure on the land.
To make up
for this fall in pressure, the cold air from the sea starts blowing
towards the land. It gives rise to sea breeze.
Land Breeze: During night, the
land loses its heat more rapidly
as compared to sea on account of
its low specific heat capacity. So
warm air above the sea expands
and rises up. Thus, the air pressure
falls over the sea. To make up for
this fall in pressure, the cold air
from the land
starts blowing towards the sea giving rise to land breeze.
9.Why is water used as a coolant in the radiators of motor car
engines?
Ans.Water is used as a coolant in the radiators of motor car engines as it
has the highest specific heat capacity of 4.2 J/g °C. Thus it can
absorb a large amount of excess heat energy produced by the
automobile engines, but itself does not rise to a very high
temperature.
10.What do you understand by the term latent heat of fusion?
 Support your answer with an example.
Ans.The amount of heat energy supplied to a solid at its melting point,
such that it changes into liquid state without any rise in
temperature, is called latent heat of fusion.
 For example, 1 kg of ice at 0 °C requires 336000 J of energy to
change into water at the same temperatures. This is known as
latent heat of fusion of ice.
11.What do you understand by the term latent heat of vaporisation?
Support your answer with an example.
Ans.Latent heat of vaporization of a substance is the quantity of heat
required to convert unit mass of a substance from liquid to vapour
state at its boiling point without any change of temperature. For
example, 1 g of water at 100°C requires 2260 J of energy to
change into vapour at the same temperature.
12. Under similar conditions, which will cool faster – 1 kg of
aluminium at 400°C and 1 kg of lead at the same temperature?
Ans.Specific heat of aluminium (900 J/kg°C) is more than that of lead
(130 J/kg°C). Hence lead will cool faster.
13.State three factors on which the evaporation of a liquid depends?
Ans.Evaporation of a liquid depends upon the following three factors.
(a) The nature of the liquid
(b) Area of exposed surface
(c) The temperature of the liquid
(d) Humidity or the amount of water vapour present in air
14.What is evaporation?
Ans.Evaporation is the process in which a liquid changes into its vapour,
from its surface, at a temperature below its boiling point.
15.State three differences between evaporation and boiling.
Ans.E vaporation Boiling
1. It is a slow process. It is a fast process.
2. It takes place at the surface of It takes place throughout the
the liquid. whole mass of the liquid.
3. It takes place at all It takes place at a definite and
temperature. constant temperature which is
called boiling point of the
liquid.
 16.Explain how the human body maintains a constant temperature of
about 98.4°F even when the outside temperature may be as
110°F.
Ans.Evaporation helps in maintaining the body temperature at 98.4°F.
When the atmospheric temperature rises, the body perspire. When
the sweat evaporates, it takes the heat required from the body,
thereby cooling it and maintaining the temperature of the body.
17.Define the following terms.
1.Fusion
Ans. Fusion: The process due to which a solid changes into liquid state
at some fixed temperature, by the absorption of heat energy is
called fusion.
2.Solidification
Ans. Solidification: The process due to which a liquid changes into
solid state at some fixed temperature by the liberation of heat
energy is called solidification.
3.Melting point
Ans. Melting point: The temperature at which a solid starts changing
into liquid state is called melting point.
4.Freezing point
Ans. Freezing point: The temperature at which a liquid starts changing
into solid state is called freezing point.
5.Vaporisation
Ans. Vaporisation: The process due to which a liquid rapidly changes
into gaseous state at some fixed temperature due to absorption of
heat energy is called vaporisation.
6.Condensation
Ans. Condensation: The process due to which vapour changes into
liquid state at some fixed temperature due to liberation of heat
energy is called condensation.
7.Boiling point
Ans. Boiling point: The fixed temperature at which a liquid changes
into gaseous state rapidly is called boiling point.
8.Condensation point.
 Ans. Condensation point: The fixed temperature at which a vapour
changes into liquid state rapidly, is called condensation point.
X. Practice for numerical problems.
1.Express 2268 joules in
calories.
Ans.1 calorie = 4.2 joule
1
1 joule =
4.2 calorie
1
2268 joule =
4.2 × 2268 calorie
= 540 calorie
2.2000 calories of heat is supplied to 200 g of water. Find the rise in
temperature.
Ans.Mass of water, m= 200 g = 0.20 kg
Heat supplied = 2000 cal. = 2000 × 4.2 J
Specific heat of water (s) = 4200 J/kg °C
Heat supplied, Q =m × s × t
2000 × 4.2 = 0.20 × 4200 × t
2000  4.2
t=
0.20  4200
= 10°C
Therefore the rise in temperature is 10°C.
3.A lump of iron at 170°C is cooled to 20°C. If the mass of iron is
150 g and the heat radiated is 10350 J, find the specific heat
capacity of iron.
Ans.Change in temperature (t) = 170°C – 20°C = 150 °C
Mass (m) = 150 g = 0.150 kg
Heat radiated (Q) = 10350 J
Specific heat capacity (s) = ?
Q =m × s × t
 Q
s=
m t
10350
=
0.150 150
103501000
= J/ kg °C
150 150
= 460 J/kg °C
4.Calculate the latent heat of fusion of a solid if 25 g of it requires
8400 J of heat energy for melting.
Ans.The energy required to melt 25 g solid is 8400 J
8400
The energy required to melt 1g of solid =
25 = 336 J/g
Therefore the latent heat of fusion of solid is 336 J/g.
5.Calculate the heat energy liberated by 45g of steam so as to form
water at 100°C (latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2260 J/g.)
Ans.Heat released by 1 g of steam to form water at 100°C = 2260 J/g
Heat released by 45 g of steam = 2260 J/g × 45 g
= 101700 J
6.Calculate the thermal capacity of 1.5 kg of water.
Ans.Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J/kg°C
J
Thermal capacity of 1.5 kg of water = 1.5 kg × 4200
Kg C
= 6300 J/°C
7.Calculate the amount of heat energy required to raise the
temperature of 2 g of mercury of specific heat capacity 0.12 Jg–1
°C–1 from 10°C to 30°C.
Ans.Rise in temperature (t) = (30 – 10) °C = 20 °C
Specific heat capacity (s) = 0.12 Jg–1 °C–1
Mass (m) = 2 g
Amount of heat energy required = m × s × t
 J
= 2 g × 0.12 × 20 °C
gC
= 4.8 joule
8.200 g of copper at 200 °C is cooled to 20 °C. If the specific heat
capacity of copper is 0.4 J g–1 °C–1, calculate the heat energy given
out.
Ans.Mass of copper m= 200 g
Change in temperature (t) = 200 °C – 20 °C
= 180 °C
Specific heat capacity of copper (s) = 0.4 J/g °C
Amount of heat energy given out = m × s × t

= 200g × 0.4 J
× 180 °C
gC
= 14400 joules
9.75 g of water at 10 °C is heated by supplying 25200 J of heat
energy. If specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 Jg–1 °C–1, calculate
the final temperature of water.
Ans.Mass of water (m) = 75 g
Amount of heat energy (Q) = 25200 J
Specific heat capacity (s) = 4.2 J g–1 °C–1
Q
Rise in temperature t=
25200m s

= =
. 80°C
75 4 2
Therefore final temperature of water = 80 °C + 10 °C = 90 °C
10.Calculate the thermal capacity of a solid of mass 0.8 kg and specific
heat capacity 0.4 Jg–1 °C–1.
Ans.Mass of solid = 0.8 kg = 800 g
Specific heat capacity = 0.4 J/ g°C
Thermal capacity = mass × specific heat capacity
 J
= 800 g × 0.4
gC
= 320 J/°C
11.106.25 J of heat energy is supplied to a solid of specific heat
capacity
0.85 J g–1 °C–1 to raise its temperature by 1 °C. What is the mass
of solid?
Ans.Amount of heat energy supplied (Q) = 106. 25 J
Specific heat capacity (s) = 0.85 J/ g°C
Rise in temperature (t) = 1°C
Q
Mass of solid =
s t
106.25
= 0.85 1
= 125 g
12.Find the specific heat of gold if 108 J of heat is required to raise
9 g of the metal from 0 °C to 100 °C.
Ans.Mass of gold (m) = 9 g
Amount of heat required (Q) = 108 J
Change in temperature (t) = 100 °C – 0 °C = 100 °C
Q
Specific heat of gold =
m t
108
=
9 100
= 0.12 J/g °C

Class-VIII Physics 18 Question Bank