20/4/2020 SQL Datetime Conversion - String Date Convert Formats - SQLUSA

How to convert from string to datetime?

Execute the following T-SQL scripts in Microsoft SQL Server Management
Studio (SSMS) Query Editor to demonstrate T-SQL CONVERT and CAST
functions in transforming string SQL date formats, string time & string
datetime data to datetime data type. Practical examples for T-SQL DATE
/ DATETIME functions.
-- SQL Server string to date / datetime conversion - datetime string format sql server
-- MSSQL string to datetime conversion - convert char to date - convert varchar to date
-- Subtract 100 from style number (format) for yy instead yyyy (or ccyy with century)
SELECT convert(datetime, 'Oct 23 2012 11:01AM', 100) -- mon dd yyyy hh:mmAM (or PM)
SELECT convert(datetime, 'Oct 23 2012 11:01AM') -- 2012-10-23 11:01:00.000

-- Without century (yy) string date conversion - convert string to datetime function
SELECT convert(datetime, 'Oct 23 12 11:01AM', 0) -- mon dd yy hh:mmAM (or PM)
SELECT convert(datetime, 'Oct 23 12 11:01AM') -- 2012-10-23 11:01:00.000

-- Convert string to datetime sql - convert string to date sql - sql dates format
-- T-SQL convert string to datetime - SQL Server convert string to date
SELECT convert(datetime, '10/23/2016', 101) -- mm/dd/yyyy
SELECT convert(datetime, '2016.10.23', 102) -- yyyy.mm.dd ANSI date with century
SELECT convert(datetime, '23/10/2016', 103) -- dd/mm/yyyy
SELECT convert(datetime, '23.10.2016', 104) -- dd.mm.yyyy
SELECT convert(datetime, '23-10-2016', 105) -- dd-mm-yyyy
-- mon types are nondeterministic conversions, dependent on language setting
SELECT convert(datetime, '23 OCT 2016', 106) -- dd mon yyyy
SELECT convert(datetime, 'Oct 23, 2016', 107) -- mon dd, yyyy
-- 2016-10-23 00:00:00.000
SELECT convert(datetime, '20:10:44', 108) -- hh:mm:ss
-- 1900-01-01 20:10:44.000

-- mon dd yyyy hh:mm:ss:mmmAM (or PM) - sql time format - SQL Server datetime format
SELECT convert(datetime, 'Oct 23 2016 11:02:44:013AM', 109)
-- 2016-10-23 11:02:44.013
SELECT convert(datetime, '10-23-2016', 110) -- mm-dd-yyyy
SELECT convert(datetime, '2016/10/23', 111) -- yyyy/mm/dd
-- YYYYMMDD ISO date format works at any language setting - international standard
SELECT convert(datetime, '20161023')
SELECT convert(datetime, '20161023', 112) -- ISO yyyymmdd
-- 2016-10-23 00:00:00.000
SELECT convert(datetime, '23 Oct 2016 11:02:07:577', 113) -- dd mon yyyy hh:mm:ss:mmm
-- 2016-10-23 11:02:07.577
SELECT convert(datetime, '20:10:25:300', 114) -- hh:mm:ss:mmm(24h)
-- 1900-01-01 20:10:25.300
SELECT convert(datetime, '2016-10-23 20:44:11', 120) -- yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss(24h)
-- 2016-10-23 20:44:11.000
SELECT convert(datetime, '2016-10-23 20:44:11.500', 121) -- yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.mmm
-- 2016-10-23 20:44:11.500

-- Style 126 is ISO 8601 format: international standard - works with any language setting
SELECT convert(datetime, '2008-10-23T18:52:47.513', 126) -- yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss(.mmm)
-- 2008-10-23 18:52:47.513
SELECT convert(datetime, N'23 6:52:47:513 1429 ‫ﺷﻮال‬PM', 130) -- Islamic/Hijri date
SELECT convert(datetime, '23/10/1429 6:52:47:513PM', 131) -- Islamic/Hijri date

-- Convert DDMMYYYY format to datetime - sql server to date / datetime

SELECT convert(datetime, STUFF(STUFF('31012016',3,0,'-'),6,0,'-'), 105)
-- 2016-01-31 00:00:00.000

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20/4/2020 SQL Datetime Conversion - String Date Convert Formats - SQLUSA
-- SQL Server T-SQL string to datetime conversion without century - some exceptions
-- nondeterministic means language setting dependent such as Mar/Mär/mars/márc
SELECT convert(datetime, 'Oct 23 16 11:02:44AM') -- Default
SELECT convert(datetime, '10/23/16', 1) -- mm/dd/yy U.S.
SELECT convert(datetime, '16.10.23', 2) -- yy.mm.dd ANSI
SELECT convert(datetime, '23/10/16', 3) -- dd/mm/yy UK/FR
SELECT convert(datetime, '23.10.16', 4) -- dd.mm.yy German
SELECT convert(datetime, '23-10-16', 5) -- dd-mm-yy Italian
SELECT convert(datetime, '23 OCT 16', 6) -- dd mon yy non-det.
SELECT convert(datetime, 'Oct 23, 16', 7) -- mon dd, yy non-det.
SELECT convert(datetime, '20:10:44', 8) -- hh:mm:ss
SELECT convert(datetime, 'Oct 23 16 11:02:44:013AM', 9) -- Default with msec
SELECT convert(datetime, '10-23-16', 10) -- mm-dd-yy U.S.
SELECT convert(datetime, '16/10/23', 11) -- yy/mm/dd Japan
SELECT convert(datetime, '161023', 12) -- yymmdd ISO
SELECT convert(datetime, '23 Oct 16 11:02:07:577', 13) -- dd mon yy hh:mm:ss:mmm EU dflt
SELECT convert(datetime, '20:10:25:300', 14) -- hh:mm:ss:mmm(24h)
SELECT convert(datetime, '2016-10-23 20:44:11',20) -- yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss(24h) ODBC can.
SELECT convert(datetime, '2016-10-23 20:44:11.500', 21)-- yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.mmm ODBC
------------

-- SQL Datetime Data Type: Combine date & time string into datetime - sql hh mm ss
-- String to datetime - mssql datetime - sql convert date - sql concatenate string
DECLARE @DateTimeValue varchar(32), @DateValue char(8), @TimeValue char(6)

SELECT @DateValue = '20120718',

@TimeValue = '211920'
SELECT @DateTimeValue =
convert(varchar, convert(datetime, @DateValue), 111)
+ ' ' + substring(@TimeValue, 1, 2)
+ ':' + substring(@TimeValue, 3, 2)
+ ':' + substring(@TimeValue, 5, 2)
SELECT
DateInput = @DateValue, TimeInput = @TimeValue,
DateTimeOutput = @DateTimeValue;
/*
DateInput TimeInput DateTimeOutput
20120718 211920 2012/07/18 21:19:20 */

/* DATETIME 8 bytes internal storage structure

o 1st 4 bytes: number of days after the base date 1900-01-01
o 2nd 4 bytes: number of clock-ticks (3.33 milliseconds) since midnight

DATETIME2 8 bytes (precision > 4) internal storage structure

o 1st byte: precision like 7
o middle 4 bytes: number of time units (100ns smallest) since midnight
o last 3 bytes: number of days after the base date 0001-01-01

DATE 3 bytes internal storage structure

o 3 bytes integer: number of days after the first date 0001-01-01
o Note: hex byte order reversed

SMALLDATETIME 4 bytes internal storage structure

o 1st 2 bytes: number of days after the base date 1900-01-01
o 2nd 2 bytes: number of minutes since midnight */
SELECT CONVERT(binary(8), getdate()) -- 0x00009E4D 00C01272
SELECT CONVERT(binary(4), convert(smalldatetime,getdate())) -- 0x9E4D 02BC

-- This is how a datetime looks in 8 bytes

DECLARE @dtHex binary(8)= 0x00009966002d3344;
DECLARE @dt datetime = @dtHex
SELECT @dt -- 2007-07-09 02:44:34.147
------------ */

------------
-- SQL Server 2012 New Date & Time Related Functions
------------
SELECT DATEFROMPARTS ( 2016, 10, 23 ) AS RealDate; -- 2016-10-23

SELECT DATETIMEFROMPARTS ( 2016, 10, 23, 10, 10, 10, 500 ) AS RealDateTime; -- 2016-10-23 10:10:10.500

SELECT EOMONTH('20140201'); -- 2014-02-28

SELECT EOMONTH('20160201'); -- 2016-02-29
SELECT EOMONTH('20160201',1); -- 2016-03-31

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20/4/2020 SQL Datetime Conversion - String Date Convert Formats - SQLUSA

SELECT FORMAT ( getdate(), 'yyyy/MM/dd hh:mm:ss tt', 'en-US' ); -- 2016/07/30 03:39:48 AM

SELECT FORMAT ( getdate(), 'd', 'en-US' ); -- 7/30/2016

SELECT PARSE('SAT, 13 December 2014' AS datetime USING 'en-US') AS [Date&Time];

-- 2014-12-13 00:00:00.000

SELECT TRY_PARSE('SAT, 13 December 2014' AS datetime USING 'en-US') AS [Date&Time];

-- 2014-12-13 00:00:00.000

SELECT TRY_CONVERT(datetime, '13 December 2014' ) AS [Date&Time]; -- 2014-12-13 00:00:00.000

SELECT CONVERT(datetime2, sysdatetime()); AS [DateTime2]; -- 2016-02-12 13:09:24.0642891
------------

-- SQL convert seconds to HH:MM:SS - sql times format - sql hh mm

DECLARE @Seconds INT
SET @Seconds = 20000
SELECT HH = @Seconds / 3600, MM = (@Seconds%3600) / 60, SS = (@Seconds%60)
/* HH MM SS
5 33 20 */
------------
-- SQL Server Date Only from DATETIME column - get date only
-- T-SQL just date - truncate time from datetime - remove time part
------------
DECLARE @Now datetime = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP -- getdate()
SELECT DateAndTime = @Now -- Date por on and Time por on
,DateString = REPLACE(LEFT(CONVERT (varchar, @Now, 112),10),' ','-')
,[Date] = CONVERT(DATE, @Now) -- SQL Server 2008 and on - date part
,Midnight1 = dateadd(day, datediff(day,0, @Now), 0)
,Midnight2 = CONVERT(DATETIME,CONVERT(int, @Now))
,Midnight3 = CONVERT(DATETIME,CONVERT(BIGINT,@Now) &
(POWER(Convert(bigint,2),32)-1))
/* DateAndTime DateString Date Midnight1 Midnight2 Midnight3
2010-11-02 08:00:33.657 20101102 2010-11-02 2010-11-02 00:00:00.000 2010-11-02
00:00:00.000 2010-11-02 00:00:00.000 */
------------

-- SQL Server 2008 convert datetime to date - sql yyyy mm dd

SELECT TOP (3) OrderDate = CONVERT(date, OrderDate),
Today = CONVERT(date, getdate())
FROM AdventureWorks2008.Sales.SalesOrderHeader
ORDER BY newid();
/* OrderDate Today
2004-02-15 2012-06-18 .....*/
------------

-- SQL date yyyy mm dd - sqlserver yyyy mm dd - date format yyyymmdd

SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 111) AS [YYYY/MM/DD]
/* YYYY/MM/DD
2015/07/11 */
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 112) AS [YYYYMMDD]
/* YYYYMMDD
20150711 */
SELECT REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 111),'/',' ') AS [YYYY MM DD]
/* YYYY MM DD
2015 07 11 */
-- Converting to special (non-standard) date fomats: DD-MMM-YY
SELECT UPPER(REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR,GETDATE(),6),' ','-'))
-- 07-MAR-14
------------
-- SQL convert date string to datetime - time set to 00:00:00.000 or 12:00AM
PRINT CONVERT(datetime,'07-10-2012',110) -- Jul 10 2012 12:00AM
PRINT CONVERT(datetime,'2012/07/10',111) -- Jul 10 2012 12:00AM
PRINT CONVERT(datetime,'20120710', 112) -- Jul 10 2012 12:00AM
------------
-- UNIX to SQL Server datetime conversion
declare @UNIX bigint = 1477216861;
select dateadd(ss,@UNIX,'19700101'); -- 2016-10-23 10:01:01.000
------------
-- String to date conversion - sql date yyyy mm dd - sql date formatting
-- SQL Server cast string to date - sql convert date to datetime
SELECT [Date] = CAST (@DateValue AS datetime)
-- 2012-07-18 00:00:00.000

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20/4/2020 SQL Datetime Conversion - String Date Convert Formats - SQLUSA
-- SQL convert string date to different style - sql date string formatting
SELECT CONVERT(varchar, CONVERT(datetime, '20140508'), 100)
-- May 8 2014 12:00AM
-- SQL Server convert date to integer
DECLARE @Date datetime; SET @Date = getdate();
SELECT DateAsInteger = CAST (CONVERT(varchar,@Date,112) as INT);
-- Result: 20161225

-- SQL Server convert integer to datetime

DECLARE @iDate int
SET @iDate = 20151225
SELECT IntegerToDatetime = CAST(convert(varchar,@iDate) as datetime)
-- 2015-12-25 00:00:00.000

-- Alternates: date-only datetime values

-- SQL Server floor date - sql convert datetime
SELECT [DATE-ONLY]=CONVERT(DATETIME, FLOOR(CONVERT(FLOAT, GETDATE())))
SELECT [DATE-ONLY]=CONVERT(DATETIME, FLOOR(CONVERT(MONEY, GETDATE())))
-- SQL Server cast string to datetime
-- SQL Server datetime to string convert
SELECT [DATE-ONLY]=CAST(CONVERT(varchar, GETDATE(), 101) AS DATETIME)
-- SQL Server dateadd function - T-SQL datediff function
-- SQL strip time from date - MSSQL strip time from datetime
SELECT getdate() ,dateadd(dd, datediff(dd, 0, getdate()), 0)
-- Results: 2016-01-23 05:35:52.793 2016-01-23 00:00:00.000

-- String date - 10 bytes of storage

SELECT [STRING DATE]=CONVERT(varchar, GETDATE(), 110)
SELECT [STRING DATE]=CONVERT(varchar, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 110)
-- Same results: 01-02-2012

-- SQL Server cast datetime as string - sql datetime formatting

SELECT stringDateTime=CAST (getdate() as varchar) -- Dec 29 2012 3:47AM

The BEST 70-461 SQL Server 2012 Querying Exam Prep Book!
----------
-- SQL date range BETWEEN operator
----------
-- SQL date range select - date range search - T-SQL date range query
-- Count Sales Orders for 2003 OCT-NOV
DECLARE @StartDate DATETIME, @EndDate DATETIME
SET @StartDate = convert(DATETIME,'10/01/2003',101)
SET @EndDate = convert(DATETIME,'11/30/2003',101)

SELECT @StartDate, @EndDate

-- 2003-10-01 00:00:00.000 2003-11-30 00:00:00.000
SELECT dateadd(DAY,1,@EndDate),
dateadd(ms,-3,dateadd(DAY,1,@EndDate))
-- 2003-12-01 00:00:00.000 2003-11-30 23:59:59.997

-- MSSQL date range select using >= and <

SELECT [Sales Orders for 2003 OCT-NOV] = COUNT(* )
FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader
WHERE OrderDate >= @StartDate AND OrderDate < dateadd(DAY,1,@EndDate)
/* Sales Orders for 2003 OCT-NOV
3668 */

-- Equivalent date range query using BETWEEN comparison

-- It requires a bit of trick programming
SELECT [Sales Orders for 2003 OCT-NOV] = COUNT(* )
FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader
WHERE OrderDate BETWEEN @StartDate AND dateadd(ms,-3,dateadd(DAY,1,@EndDate))
-- 3668

USE AdventureWorks;
-- SQL between string dates
SELECT POs=COUNT(*) FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader
WHERE OrderDate BETWEEN '20040201' AND '20040210' -- Result: 108

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-- SQL BETWEEN dates without time - time stripped - time removed - date part only
SELECT POs=COUNT(*) FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader
WHERE datediff(dd,0,OrderDate)
BETWEEN datediff(dd,0,'20040201 12:11:39') AND datediff(dd,0,'20040210 14:33:19')
-- 108
-- BETWEEN is equivalent to >=...AND....<=
SELECT POs=COUNT(*) FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader
WHERE OrderDate
BETWEEN '2004-02-01 00:00:00.000' AND '2004-02-10 00:00:00.000'
/* Orders with OrderDates
'2004-02-10 00:00:01.000' - 1 second after midnight (12:00AM)
'2004-02-10 00:01:00.000' - 1 minute after midnight
'2004-02-10 01:00:00.000' - 1 hour after midnight
are not included in the two queries above. */
-- To include the entire day of 2004-02-10 use:
SELECT POs=COUNT(*) FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader
WHERE OrderDate >= '20040201' AND OrderDate < '20040211'
----------
-- Calculate week ranges in a year
----------
DECLARE @Year INT = '2016';
WITH cteDays AS (SELECT DayOfYear=Dateadd(dd, number,
CONVERT(DATE, CONVERT(char(4),@Year)+'0101'))
FROM master.dbo.spt_values WHERE type='P'),
CTE AS (SELECT DayOfYear, WeekOfYear=DATEPART(week,DayOfYear)
FROM cteDays WHERE YEAR(DayOfYear)= @YEAR)
SELECT WeekOfYear, StartOfWeek=MIN(DayOfYear), EndOfWeek=MAX(DayOfYear)
FROM CTE GROUP BY WeekOfYear ORDER BY WeekOfYear
------------
-- Date validation function ISDATE - returns 1 or 0 - SQL datetime functions
------------
DECLARE @StringDate varchar(32)
SET @StringDate = '2011-03-15 18:50'
IF EXISTS( SELECT * WHERE ISDATE(@StringDate) = 1)
PRINT 'VALID DATE: ' + @StringDate
ELSE
PRINT 'INVALID DATE: ' + @StringDate
GO
-- Result: VALID DATE: 2011-03-15 18:50

DECLARE @StringDate varchar(32)

SET @StringDate = '20112-03-15 18:50'
IF EXISTS( SELECT * WHERE ISDATE(@StringDate) = 1)
PRINT 'VALID DATE: ' + @StringDate
ELSE PRINT 'INVALID DATE: ' + @StringDate
-- Result: INVALID DATE: 20112-03-15 18:50
-- First and last day of date periods - SQL Server 2008 and on code
DECLARE @Date DATE = '20161023'
SELECT ReferenceDate = @Date
SELECT FirstDayOfYear = CONVERT(DATE, dateadd(yy, datediff(yy,0, @Date),0))
SELECT LastDayOfYear = CONVERT(DATE, dateadd(yy, datediff(yy,0, @Date)+1,-1))
SELECT FDofSemester = CONVERT(DATE, dateadd(qq,((datediff(qq,0,@Date)/2)*2),0))
SELECT LastDayOfSemester
= CONVERT(DATE, dateadd(qq,((datediff(qq,0,@Date)/2)*2)+2,-1))
SELECT FirstDayOfQuarter = CONVERT(DATE, dateadd(qq, datediff(qq,0, @Date),0))
-- 2016-10-01
SELECT LastDayOfQuarter = CONVERT(DATE, dateadd(qq, datediff(qq,0,@Date)+1,-1))
-- 2016-12-31
SELECT FirstDayOfMonth = CONVERT(DATE, dateadd(mm, datediff(mm,0, @Date),0))
SELECT LastDayOfMonth = CONVERT(DATE, dateadd(mm, datediff(mm,0, @Date)+1,-1))
SELECT FirstDayOfWeek = CONVERT(DATE, dateadd(wk, datediff(wk,0, @Date),0))
SELECT LastDayOfWeek = CONVERT(DATE, dateadd(wk, datediff(wk,0, @Date)+1,-1))
-- 2016-10-30

-- Month sequence generator - sequential numbers / dates

DECLARE @Date date = '2000-01-01'
SELECT MonthStart=dateadd(MM, number, @Date)
FROM master.dbo.spt_values
WHERE type='P' AND dateadd(MM, number, @Date) <= CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
ORDER BY MonthStart
/* MonthStart

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20/4/2020 SQL Datetime Conversion - String Date Convert Formats - SQLUSA
2000-01-01
2000-02-01
2000-03-01 ....*/

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------------
-- Selected named date styles
------------
DECLARE @DateTimeValue varchar(32)
-- US-Style
SELECT @DateTimeValue = '10/23/2016'
SELECT StringDate=@DateTimeValue,
[US-Style] = CONVERT(datetime, @DatetimeValue)

SELECT @DateTimeValue = '10/23/2016 23:01:05'

SELECT StringDate = @DateTimeValue,
[US-Style] = CONVERT(datetime, @DatetimeValue)

-- UK-Style, British/French - convert string to datetime sql

-- sql convert string to datetime
SELECT @DateTimeValue = '23/10/16 23:01:05'
SELECT StringDate = @DateTimeValue,
[UK-Style] = CONVERT(datetime, @DatetimeValue, 3)

SELECT @DateTimeValue = '23/10/2016 04:01 PM'

SELECT StringDate = @DateTimeValue,
[UK-Style] = CONVERT(datetime, @DatetimeValue, 103)

-- German-Style
SELECT @DateTimeValue = '23.10.16 23:01:05'
SELECT StringDate = @DateTimeValue,
[German-Style] = CONVERT(datetime, @DatetimeValue, 4)

SELECT @DateTimeValue = '23.10.2016 04:01 PM'

SELECT StringDate = @DateTimeValue,
[German-Style] = CONVERT(datetime, @DatetimeValue, 104)
------------

-- Double conversion to US-Style 107 with century: Oct 23, 2016

SET @DateTimeValue='10/23/16'
SELECT StringDate=@DateTimeValue,
[US-Style] = CONVERT(varchar, CONVERT(datetime, @DateTimeValue),107)

-- Using DATEFORMAT - UK-Style - SQL dateformat

SET @DateTimeValue='23/10/16'
SET DATEFORMAT dmy
SELECT StringDate=@DateTimeValue,
[Date Time] = CONVERT(datetime, @DatetimeValue)
-- Using DATEFORMAT - US-Style
SET DATEFORMAT mdy
-- Finding out date format for a session
SELECT session_id, date_format from sys.dm_exec_sessions
------------

-- Convert date string from DD/MM/YYYY UK format to MM/DD/YYYY US format

DECLARE @UKdate char(10) = '15/03/2016'
SELECT CONVERT(CHAR(10), CONVERT(datetime, @UKdate,103),101)
-- 03/15/2016

-- DATEPART datetime function example - SQL Server datetime functions

SELECT * FROM Northwind.dbo.Orders
WHERE DATEPART(YEAR, OrderDate) = '1996' AND
DATEPART(MONTH,OrderDate) = '07' AND
DATEPART(DAY, OrderDate) = '10'

-- Alternate syntax for DATEPART example

SELECT * FROM Northwind.dbo.Orders
WHERE YEAR(OrderDate) = '1996' AND
MONTH(OrderDate) = '07' AND
DAY(OrderDate) = '10'

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20/4/2020 SQL Datetime Conversion - String Date Convert Formats - SQLUSA
------------
-- T-SQL calculate the number of business days function / UDF - exclude SAT & SUN
------------
CREATE FUNCTION fnBusinessDays (@StartDate DATETIME, @EndDate DATETIME)
RETURNS INT AS
BEGIN
IF (@StartDate IS NULL OR @EndDate IS NULL) RETURN (0)
DECLARE @i INT = 0;
WHILE (@StartDate <= @EndDate)
BEGIN
SET @i = @i + CASE
WHEN datepart(dw,@StartDate) BETWEEN 2 AND 6 THEN 1
ELSE 0
END
SET @StartDate = @StartDate + 1
END -- while
RETURN (@i)
END -- function
GO
SELECT dbo.fnBusinessDays('2016-01-01','2016-12-31')
-- 261
------------

-- T-SQL DATENAME function usage for weekdays

SELECT DayName=DATENAME(weekday, OrderDate), SalesPerWeekDay = COUNT(*)
FROM AdventureWorks2008.Sales.SalesOrderHeader
GROUP BY DATENAME(weekday, OrderDate), DATEPART(weekday,OrderDate)
ORDER BY DATEPART(weekday,OrderDate)
/* DayName SalesPerWeekDay
Sunday 4482
Monday 4591
Tuesday 4346.... */

-- DATENAME application for months

SELECT MonthName=DATENAME(month, OrderDate), SalesPerMonth = COUNT(*)
FROM AdventureWorks2008.Sales.SalesOrderHeader
GROUP BY DATENAME(month, OrderDate), MONTH(OrderDate) ORDER BY MONTH(OrderDate)
/* MonthName SalesPerMonth
January 2483
February 2686
March 2750
April 2740.... */

-- Getting month name from month number

SELECT DATENAME(MM,dateadd(MM,7,-1)) -- July

ARTICLE - Essential SQL Server Date, Time and DateTime Functions

ARTICLE - Demystifying the SQL Server DATETIME Datatype
------------
-- Extract string date from text with PATINDEX pattern matching
-- Apply sql server string to date conversion
------------
USE tempdb;
go
CREATE TABLE InsiderTransaction (
InsiderTransactionID int identity primary key,
TradeDate datetime,
TradeMsg varchar(256),
ModifiedDate datetime default (getdate()))
-- Populate table with dummy data
INSERT InsiderTransaction (TradeMsg) VALUES(
'INSIDER TRAN QABC Hammer, Bruce D. CSO 09-02-08 Buy 2,000 6.10')
INSERT InsiderTransaction (TradeMsg) VALUES(
'INSIDER TRAN QABC Schmidt, Steven CFO 08-25-08 Buy 2,500 6.70')
INSERT InsiderTransaction (TradeMsg) VALUES(
'INSIDER TRAN QABC Hammer, Bruce D. CSO 08-20-08 Buy 3,000 8.59')
INSERT InsiderTransaction (TradeMsg) VALUES(
'INSIDER TRAN QABC Walters, Jeff CTO 08-15-08 Sell 5,648 8.49')
INSERT InsiderTransaction (TradeMsg) VALUES(
'INSIDER TRAN QABC Walters, Jeff CTO 08-15-08 Option Execute 5,648 2.15')
INSERT InsiderTransaction (TradeMsg) VALUES(
'INSIDER TRAN QABC Hammer, Bruce D. CSO 07-31-08 Buy 5,000 8.05')
INSERT InsiderTransaction (TradeMsg) VALUES(
'INSIDER TRAN QABC Lennot, Mark B. Director 08-31-07 Buy 1,500 9.97')

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INSERT InsiderTransaction (TradeMsg) VALUES(
'INSIDER TRAN QABC O''Neal, Linda COO 08-01-08 Sell 5,000 6.50')

-- Extract dates from stock trade message text

-- Pattern match for MM-DD-YY using the PATINDEX string function
SELECT TradeDate=substring(TradeMsg,
patindex('%[01][0-9]-[0123][0-9]-[0-9][0-9]%', TradeMsg),8)
FROM InsiderTransaction
WHERE patindex('%[01][0-9]-[0123][0-9]-[0-9][0-9]%', TradeMsg) > 0
/* Partial results
TradeDate
09-02-08
08-25-08
08-20-08 */

-- Update table with extracted date

-- Convert string date to datetime
UPDATE InsiderTransaction
SET TradeDate = convert(datetime, substring(TradeMsg,
patindex('%[01][0-9]-[0123][0-9]-[0-9][0-9]%', TradeMsg),8))
WHERE patindex('%[01][0-9]-[0123][0-9]-[0-9][0-9]%', TradeMsg) > 0

SELECT * FROM InsiderTransaction ORDER BY TradeDate desc

/* Partial results
InsiderTransactionID TradeDate TradeMsg ModifiedDate
1 2008-09-02 00:00:00.000 INSIDER TRAN QABC Hammer, Bruce D. CSO 09-02-08 Buy
2,000 6.10 2008-12-22 20:25:19.263
2 2008-08-25 00:00:00.000 INSIDER TRAN QABC Schmidt, Steven CFO 08-25-08 Buy
2,500 6.70 2008-12-22 20:25:19.263 */
-- Cleanup task
DROP TABLE InsiderTransaction

/************
VALID DATE RANGES FOR DATE / DATETIME DATA TYPES

DATE (3 bytes) date range:

January 1, 1 A.D. through December 31, 9999 A.D.

SMALLDATETIME (4 bytes) date range:

January 1, 1900 through June 6, 2079

DATETIME (8 bytes) date range:

January 1, 1753 through December 31, 9999

DATETIME2 (6-8 bytes) date range:

January 1, 1 A.D. through December 31, 9999 A.D.

-- The statement below will give a date range error

SELECT CONVERT(smalldatetime, '2110-01-01')
/* Msg 242, Level 16, State 3, Line 1
The conversion of a varchar data type to a smalldatetime data type
resulted in an out-of-range value. */
************/

The BEST 70-461 SQL Server 2012 Querying Exam Prep Book!
------------
-- SQL CONVERT DATE/DATETIME script applying table variable
------------
-- SQL Server convert date
-- Datetime column is converted into date only string column
DECLARE @sqlConvertDate TABLE ( DatetimeColumn datetime,
DateColumn char(10));
INSERT @sqlConvertDate (DatetimeColumn) SELECT GETDATE()

UPDATE @sqlConvertDate
SET DateColumn = CONVERT(char(10), DatetimeColumn, 111)
SELECT * FROM @sqlConvertDate

-- SQL Server convert datetime - String date column converted into datetime column

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UPDATE @sqlConvertDate
SET DatetimeColumn = CONVERT(Datetime, DateColumn, 111)
SELECT * FROM @sqlConvertDate

-- Equivalent formulation - SQL Server cast datetime

UPDATE @sqlConvertDate
SET DatetimeColumn = CAST(DateColumn AS datetime)
SELECT * FROM @sqlConvertDate
/* First results
DatetimeColumn DateColumn
2012-12-25 15:54:10.363 2012/12/25 */
/* Second results:
DatetimeColumn DateColumn
2012-12-25 00:00:00.000 2012/12/25 */
------------
-- SQL date sequence generation with dateadd & table variable
-- SQL Server cast datetime to string - SQL Server insert default values method
DECLARE @Sequence table (Sequence int identity(1,1))
DECLARE @i int; SET @i = 0
WHILE ( @i < 500)
BEGIN
INSERT @Sequence DEFAULT VALUES
SET @i = @i + 1
END
SELECT DateSequence = CAST(dateadd(day, Sequence,getdate()) AS varchar)
FROM @Sequence
/* Partial results:
DateSequence
Dec 31 2008 3:02AM
Jan 1 2009 3:02AM
Jan 2 2009 3:02AM
Jan 3 2009 3:02AM
Jan 4 2009 3:02AM */

-- SETTING FIRST DAY OF WEEK TO SUNDAY

SET DATEFIRST 7;
SELECT @@DATEFIRST
-- 7
SELECT CAST('2016-10-23' AS date) AS SelectDate
,DATEPART(dw, '2016-10-23') AS DayOfWeek;
-- 2016-10-23 1

------------
-- SQL Last Week calculations
------------
-- SQL last Friday - Implied string to datetime conversions in dateadd & datediff
DECLARE @BaseFriday CHAR(8), @LastFriday datetime, @LastMonday datetime
SET @BaseFriday = '19000105'
SELECT @LastFriday = dateadd(dd,
(datediff (dd, @BaseFriday, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) / 7) * 7, @BaseFriday)
SELECT [Last Friday] = @LastFriday
-- Result: 2008-12-26 00:00:00.000

-- SQL last Monday (last week's Monday)

SELECT @LastMonday=dateadd(dd,
(datediff (dd, @BaseFriday, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) / 7) * 7 - 4, @BaseFriday)
SELECT [Last Monday]= @LastMonday
-- Result: 2008-12-22 00:00:00.000

-- SQL last week - SUN - SAT

SELECT [Last Week] = CONVERT(varchar,dateadd(day, -1, @LastMonday), 101)+ ' - ' +
CONVERT(varchar,dateadd(day, 1, @LastFriday), 101)
-- Result: 12/21/2008 - 12/27/2008

-----------------
-- Specific day calculations
------------
-- First day of current month
SELECT dateadd(month, datediff(month, 0, getdate()), 0)
-- 15th day of current month
SELECT dateadd(day,14,dateadd(month,datediff(month,0,getdate()),0))
-- First Monday of current month
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SELECT dateadd(day, (9-datepart(weekday,
dateadd(month, datediff(month, 0, getdate()), 0)))%7,
dateadd(month, datediff(month, 0, getdate()), 0))
-- Next Monday calculation from the reference date which was a Monday
DECLARE @Now datetime = GETDATE();
DECLARE @NextMonday datetime = dateadd(dd, ((datediff(dd, '19000101', @Now)
/ 7) * 7) + 7, '19000101');
SELECT [Now]=@Now, [Next Monday]=@NextMonday
-- Last Friday of current month
SELECT dateadd(day, -7+(6-datepart(weekday,
dateadd(month, datediff(month, 0, getdate())+1, 0)))%7,
dateadd(month, datediff(month, 0, getdate())+1, 0))
-- First day of next month
SELECT dateadd(month, datediff(month, 0, getdate())+1, 0)
-- 15th of next month
SELECT dateadd(day,14, dateadd(month, datediff(month, 0, getdate())+1, 0))
-- First Monday of next month
SELECT dateadd(day, (9-datepart(weekday,
dateadd(month, datediff(month, 0, getdate())+1, 0)))%7,
dateadd(month, datediff(month, 0, getdate())+1, 0))

------------
-- SQL Last Date calculations
------------
-- Last day of prior month - Last day of previous month
SELECT convert( varchar, dateadd(dd,-1,dateadd(mm, datediff(mm,0,getdate() ), 0)),101)
-- 01/31/2019
-- Last day of current month
SELECT convert( varchar, dateadd(dd,-1,dateadd(mm, datediff(mm,0,getdate())+1, 0)),101)
-- 02/28/2019
-- Last day of prior quarter - Last day of previous quarter
SELECT convert( varchar, dateadd(dd,-1,dateadd(qq, datediff(qq,0,getdate() ), 0)),101)
-- 12/31/2018
-- Last day of current quarter - Last day of current quarter
SELECT convert( varchar, dateadd(dd,-1,dateadd(qq, datediff(qq,0,getdate())+1, 0)),101)
-- 03/31/2019
-- Last day of prior year - Last day of previous year
SELECT convert( varchar, dateadd(dd,-1,dateadd(yy, datediff(yy,0,getdate() ), 0)),101)
-- 12/31/2018
-- Last day of current year
SELECT convert( varchar, dateadd(dd,-1,dateadd(yy, datediff(yy,0,getdate())+1, 0)),101)
-- 12/31/2019
------------
-- SQL Server dateformat and language setting
------------
-- T-SQL set language - String to date conversion
SET LANGUAGE us_english
SELECT CAST('2018-03-15' AS datetime)
-- 2018-03-15 00:00:00.000

SET LANGUAGE british

SELECT CAST('2018-03-15' AS datetime)
/* Msg 242, Level 16, State 3, Line 2
The conversion of a varchar data type to a datetime data type resulted in
an out-of-range value.
*/
SELECT CAST('2018-15-03' AS datetime)
-- 2018-03-15 00:00:00.000

SET LANGUAGE us_english

-- SQL dateformat with language dependency

SELECT name, alias, dateformat
FROM sys.syslanguages
WHERE langid in (0,1,2,4,5,6,7,10,11,13,23,31)
GO
/*
name alias dateformat
us_english English mdy
Deutsch German dmy
Français French dmy
Dansk Danish dmy
Español Spanish dmy
Italiano Italian dmy
Nederlands Dutch dmy
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Suomi Finnish dmy
Svenska Swedish ymd
magyar Hungarian ymd
British British English dmy
Arabic Arabic dmy */
------------

-- Generate list of months

;WITH CTE AS (
SELECT 1 MonthNo, CONVERT(DATE, '19000101') MonthFirst
UNION ALL
SELECT MonthNo+1, DATEADD(Month, 1, MonthFirst)
FROM CTE WHERE Month(MonthFirst) < 12 )
SELECT MonthNo AS MonthNumber, DATENAME(MONTH, MonthFirst) AS MonthName
FROM CTE ORDER BY MonthNo
/* MonthNumber MonthName
1 January
2 February
3 March ... */
------------

Related articles:

The ultimate guide to the datetime datatypes

CAST and CONVERT (Transact-SQL)

CAST and CONVERT

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