ProPECC PN 5/93

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DEPARTMENT

PRACTICE NOTE FOR PROFESSIONAL PERSONS

Drainage Plans subject to Comment

by the Environmental Protection Department

Building (Standards of Sanitary Fitments， Plumbing，

Drainage Works and Latrines) Regulations 40(1)， 40(匀)， 41(1) and 90

Drainage plans submitted to the Building Authority are referred to the

Environmental Protection Department (EPD) for comment whenever there is a concern for
pollution control. The EPD has， based on experience of the common problems found in the
drainage submissions， prepared this practice note for reference by Authorised Persons (APs)
in preparing drainage plans. Although the guidelines contained in this practice note are not
meant to be exhaustive， it is hoped that they would help secure early approval of drainage
plans.

2. APs are welcome to approach the EPD for discussion or clarification in case
of doubt regarding any specific environmental design or pollution control issue， preferably
as early as possible in the planning stage of a project. However， due to limitations in
resources， the EPD does not undertake to vet submission documents prior to a formal
submission of drainage plans to the Building Authority. Enquiries can be directed to the
Drainage Plans and Referrals Section， Liquid Waste Projects Group， EPD， at 28/F Southorn
Centre， 130 Hennessy Road， Wanchai (Facsimile No. 838 2155).

Discharge to Storm Drains and Foul Sewers

3. Under Building (Standards of Sanitary Fitments， Plumbing， Drainage Works

and Latrines) Regulations 40(1) and 41(1)， foul water should be discharged to a foul sewer
and surface water should be discharged via rainwater pipes to stormwater drains.

4. Discharge to foul sewers should always be kept to a minimum in order not to

unduly overload the foul sewerage while preventing pollution to the stormwater systems. In
general， rainwater and uncontaminated cooling water and the like should be discharged to

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stormwater drains but seawater used for the cooling of air-conditioning plants should be
discharged directly to sea to avoid overloading the stormwater drains. Polluted rainwater
should be discharged to stormwater drains after removal of the pollutants by appropriate
facilities. Domestic wastewater can be discharged to foul sewers without pretreatment while
commercial and industrial wastewater should be pretreated， where necessary， to meet
prescribed effluent standards. Proposals to reduce wastewater generation are encouraged，
but proposals on effluent reuse should be discussed with the EPD at the early conception
stage.

5. The EPD generally sets effluent discharge standards with reference to the
Technical Memorandum on Effluent Standards issued under Section 21 of the Water Pollution
Control Ordinance except where special circumstances warrant a more stringent standard.
The Technical Memorandum lays down comprehensive standards for discharges into all
public sewers and drains and all receiving waters， both inland and coastal， and copies of it
are obtainable from any office of the EPD. The following recommendations should be noted
�

(i) Drainage outlets provided in open areas and areas subjected to a substantial
amount of wind-blown rain， including open carparks， balconies， podiums，
yards， etc.， should be connected to stormwater drains.

(ii) Drainage outlets provided in covered areas， including covered podiums and
other roofed areas， should be discharged to foul sewers.

(iii) Drainage outlets of verandahs next to kitchens and utilities rooms where a
substantial amount of wind-blown rain is not expected should， as far as
possible， be connected to foul sewers because of the concern that dwellers
might discharge laundry or dishwasher wastewater through these drainage
outlets.

(iv) Subsoil drains of slopes， road embankments and earth retaining structures， and
groundwater collection drains for basements， subways and tunnels， and similar
drains， should， under normal circumstances， be connected to stormwater
drains. Silt removal facilities should be provided where necessary. A
separate drainage system that connects to foul sewers should be provided to
collect wastewater from basements， subways and tunnels and similar areas.

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 (v) Swimming pool main drain， footbath main drain and swimming pool make-up
tank drain should be connected to stormwater drains (except in water
gathering grounds where APs are advised to consult Water Supplies
Department) while the filtration plant backwash should be discharged to foul
sewers. Swimming pool drainage layout， filtration plant room drainage layout
and filtration plant schematic line diagrams are required to be included in
drainage plans. Drainage for fountains and the like should be designed in a
similar manner.

(vi) Drainage in covered carparks， covered lorry loading and unloading areas and
covered transport interchanges should be connected to foul sewers via petrol
interceptors. Typical details of these petrol interceptors are attached at
Appendix A for reference.

(vii) Drainage serving open transport interchanges and cargo handling areas should
be connected to stormwater drains via a petrol interceptor that would allow
stormwater bypass during peak flow periods. Typical details of such a petrol
interceptor prepared by the Highways Department are attached at Appendix
B for reference.

(viii) To prevent hazards from sewage overflowing， sewage pump sumps should be
provided with a standby pump whose capacity should not be less than any of
the duty pumps， and duty pumps should not be required to operate more than
10 on-off cycles per hour. Location of each level switch should be clearly
marked on the drainage plans. A minimum distance of 200mm is normally
required between each level switch.

(ix) Surface water drainage should be provided for discharging stormwater off
slopes and from open surfaces. Such drainage as normally collected in open
surface channels should be led to stormwater drains via silt removal facilities.
Runoff in kerb gutters of roads or channels of building platforms should pass
through a gully pit with the necessary gratings to prevent objects from
entering the stormwater drains.

(x) Amendments made on alteration and addition and resubmission drawings

should be clearly marked or coloured on the drainage plans.

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Draina�e of Commercial and Industrial Wastewater

6. Under Building (Standards of Sanitary Fitments， Plumbing， Drainage Works

and Latrines) Regulations 90， suitable treatment facilities may be required to be provided if
trade waste may be discharged into any drain or sewer.

7. Whenever the wastewater flow and characteristics of a commercial or

industrial development are known or are predictable， details of an appropriate wastewater
treatment facility， where necessary to meet prescribed effluent standards， should be included
as part of the drainage submission. Dilution as a means of meeting effluent standards is not
allowed. APs are advised to confirm the effluent discharge standards with the EPD on a case
by case basis before commencing on the design of a wastewater treatment facility. The
following recommendations should be noted �

(i) Drainage plans for industrial buildings， where the users are known， should
include the information listed below.

(a) nature of business;

(b) raw material and main products;

(c) brief description of production processes， indicating areas where water

is used and wastewater is generated;

(d) quantity， discharge pattern， composition and characteristics of

wastewater;

(e) proposed wastewater treatment facility and drainage system;

(f) where appropriate， proposed methods of disposal of used chemicals

and wastewater sludge and similar waste; and

(g) other relevant information.

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 (ii) Industrial wastewater treatment plant proposals should at least be accompanied

by

(a) a wastewater characteristics report;

(b) a design report with detailed hydraulic and process calculations;

(c) process and instrumentation diagrams;

(d) drawings of the plant layout， plant room details， pipework and
equipment;

(e) equipment specifications and where possible equipment catalogues; and

(f) an operation/maintenance manual.

For more advanced treatment processes or for less common types of industrial
wastewater， a treatability study or pilot test report may be required.

The wastewater characteristics report should adequately address the

fluctuations in wastewater flow and characteristics. A sampling point (and an
automatic flow measuring device with non-resettable type totalizer for
discharges greater than 50m 3 per day) should be provided at the discharge
outlet of the treatment plant. Safety， process control and operational and
maintenance requirements should always be taken into consideration in design.
Bypass arrangements are not allowed unless well justified.

(iii) Standby equipment should be provided to guard against failure of major

equipment. Neutralization plants should be equipped with standby dosing
pumps， a standby acid/alkali dosing system and a pH sensor with visual alarm
and graphical recorder. A standby acid dosing system should also be provided
to cater for overdosing of alkali to acidic wastewater and a standby alkali
dosing system to cater for overdosing of acid to alkaline wastewater.

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 (iv) Wherever practicable， waste minimization should be practised to arrive at an

overall optimum production and waste treatment process. Waste heat， metal，
oil and chemicals etc. should be recovered wherever practicable.

(v) Design of drainage for flatted factories， whose users are not known at the time
of the drainage plan submission， should follow the recommendation of PNAP
� 12 published by the Building Authority.

(vi) Design of drainage for oil storage installations should follow the
recommendations of the ICode of Practice for Oil Storage InstallationsI
published by the Building Authority. The drainage plan submission should
include detailed drawings and design calculations.

(vii) Drainage serving the open area of a petrol filling station should be connected
to the stormwater drains via a petrol interceptor with stormwater bypass (see
Appendix B for reference). Car servicing bays， car wash bays and lubrication
bays should as far as possible be located within roofed areas. The drainage
in these roofed areas and in other covered areas where such activities may be
carried out should be connected to foul sewers via a petrol interceptor (see
Appendix A for reference).

(viii) The drainage arrangement and oil interceptor design for a power substation
should be such that no leaked or spilled oil could escape from the site even in
the event of a serious transformer failure， fire， and similar incidents.
Contaminated rainwater and fire-fighting water should also be discharged via
an adequately designed oil interceptor. The drainage plan submission should
include detailed drawings and design calculations.

(ix) All wastewater collected from a restaurant kitchen， including that from basins，
sinks and floor drains， should be discharged via a grease trap capable of
providing at least 20 minutes retention during peak flow. Details of a typical
grease trap are given at Appendix C for reference. A separate grease trap
should be provided for each restaurant kitchen， but in cases where a building
contains more than one restaurant the EPD may consider the alternative of a
communal grease trap for restaurants managed by one same company，
provided satisfactory arrangements are proposed for the management and

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 maintenance of the facility. Grease traps are not required for bars and

pantries where cooking will not be carried out.

(x) Disposal of commercial and industrial wastewater by injection into the ground
(e.g. by soakaway pits) is normally not allowed.

Sewa�e rreatment and Disoosal

8. Under Building (Standards of Sanitary Fitments， Plumbing， Drainage Works

and Latrines) Regulations 0(2)， a septic tank， a cesspool or other approved facility should
be provided to dispose of foul water where there is no public sewer in the vicinity.

9. A small sewage treatment plant is only acceptable under circumstances where

it is demonstrated that there is no viable alternative (including public sewerage， pumping
mains to connect to public foul sewers， upgrading of existing sewerage and the use of a septic
tank and soakaway system for small rural populations). Design of small sewage treatment
plants should in general meet the requirements given in the "Guidelines for the Design of
Small Sewage Treatment Plants" published by and available from the EPD plus the addendum
to it (attached as Appendix E in this practice note). The following recommendations should
be noted �

(i) A sewage treatment plant submission should include all information required
in the "Guidelines for the Design of Small Sewage Treatment Plants". The
exact discharge location and effluent discharge standards should be checked
with the EPD before commencing on design.

(ii) Septic tank and soakaway design should meet the minimum requirements given
in Appendix D. These detailed design guidelines are currently under review
by Government and they are attached for interim reference only. Drainage
plan submissions should include percolation test results and detailed design
calculations.

(iii) Design parameters for nitrification， tertiary treatment and nutrient removal
should be well supported by relevant information， giving due regard to local
influent characteristics and climatic conditions.

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 (iv) Where sewage treatment plants are designed to cater for a peak flow of 3
times the daily average flow rate， two duty and one standby pumps should be
provided in equalization tanks as far as practicable to limit the flow through
the treatment units to within 1.5 times the daily average flow rate during
off-peak periods. This is to even out the flow as much as possible.

(v) Provisions should be made for future connections to public foul sewers when
such is available in the vicinity.

(Stuart B. Reed)
Director of Environmental Protection

Environmental Protection Department

28/F Southorn Centre
130 Hennessy Road
Wan Chai

Issued September 1993

Ref. � EP 50/D1/1

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 Addendum to the ProPECC Practice Note PN 5/93

Original Amendments

Para 2, last sentence

“Enquiries can be directed to the Drainage Plans “Enquiries can be directed to the Local Control
and Referrals Section, Liquid Waste Projects Offices of the Environmental Protection
Group, EPD, at 28/F Southorn Centre, 130 Department.”
Hennessy Road, Wanchai (Facsimile No. 838
2155).”