This document provides an introduction to turtle graphics in Python. It explains that turtle graphics uses a cursor or "turtle" to draw vector graphics on a Cartesian plane. It covers how to import and set up the turtle module, basic drawing commands like forward() and turning, changing pen colors, filling shapes, and includes programming challenges to practice different turtle graphics techniques.
This document provides an introduction to turtle graphics in Python. It explains that turtle graphics uses a cursor or "turtle" to draw vector graphics on a Cartesian plane. It covers how to import and set up the turtle module, basic drawing commands like forward() and turning, changing pen colors, filling shapes, and includes programming challenges to practice different turtle graphics techniques.
This document provides an introduction to turtle graphics in Python. It explains that turtle graphics uses a cursor or "turtle" to draw vector graphics on a Cartesian plane. It covers how to import and set up the turtle module, basic drawing commands like forward() and turning, changing pen colors, filling shapes, and includes programming challenges to practice different turtle graphics techniques.
This document provides an introduction to turtle graphics in Python. It explains that turtle graphics uses a cursor or "turtle" to draw vector graphics on a Cartesian plane. It covers how to import and set up the turtle module, basic drawing commands like forward() and turning, changing pen colors, filling shapes, and includes programming challenges to practice different turtle graphics techniques.
Turtle graphics is a method of programming “vector”
graphics using a relative cursor upon a Cartesian plane
Python has a built in module that supports turtle graphics
called the “turtle” module. Importing this module gives you access to all the turtle graphics functions you will need to draw vector graphics on the screen.
In turtle graphics you control a cursor, also know as a “turtle”.
It has the following properties A position in 2D space An orientation, or heading A pen that can lay down color on the canvas + Setting up your turtle environment
import turtle!
# set a title for your canvas window!
turtle.title(”My Awesome Turtle Animation")!
# set up the screen size (in pixels - 425 x 425) !
# set the starting point of the turtle (0, 0)!
turtle.setup(425, 425, 0, 0)!
+ IMPORANT NOTE!
Do not name your Python source code file “turtle.py”
This will prevent Python from finding the correct “turtle.py”
module when you use the “import turtle” statement at the top of your program + Getting rid of the turtle window
This function call will cause your turtle window to deactivate
when you click on it. Place it at the end of your program.
turtle.exitonclick()! + The Turtle Canvas + Basic Drawing
You can move your turtle forward by using the following
command:
turtle.forward(pixels)
And you can have your turtle turn by using the following commands:
turtle.right(degrees) turtle.left(degrees)
Your turtle will continually “paint” while it’s moving.
+ Programming Challenge: Draw a Box! + Programming Challenge: Draw an Pentagon! + Programming Challenge: Draw an Octagon! + Programming Challenge: Polygon Function Write a function that allows you to draw a custom polygon. Your function should take two arguments – the number of sides you wish to draw and the length of a given side. + Moving your turtle
You can cause your turtle to move to any coordinate on the
screen by using the turtle.goto() function along with the x,y coordinate you wish to move to. Example:
turtle.goto(50,50)!
Note that your pen will continue to draw as you move your turtle to a new position.
You can tell the turtle to stop drawing by using the
turtle.penup() function. You can tell it to start drawing again by using the turtle.pendown() function. + Programming Challenge: Four Squares + Programming Challenge: four pentagons + Programming Challenge: Random Squares + Programming Challenge: Random Rotated Squares + Pen Color
By default your turtle will draw solid black lines on the canvas
You can change this behavior by calling the turtle.pencolor()
function
This function takes one argument – a color value.
The color value can be a standard Red Green Blue (RGB) color code. Here’s an example:
# sets the pen color to red
turtle.pencolor(“#FF0000”)
# sets the pen color to blue
turtle.pencolor(#0000FF”)! + RGB Color
RGB color codes define how much red, green and blue should be mixed into a given color
They are divided into three channels – one for red, one for green and one for blue, in that order
They usually start with the “#” sign
The first two characters in a color string signify how much
red goes into the color
The second two signify how much green
And the third set signifies how much blue
+ RGB Color
RGB uses a number system called “hexadecimal”
Hexadecimal (or “hex”) is a base 16 number system. This
means it uses 16 “digits” to represent numbers
Counting in hex: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F,10 11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,1A,1B,1C,1D,1E,1F,20 + RGB Color
If you are drawing closed polygons you can tell Python to fill them with an RGB color by calling the turtle.fillcolor() function. This function takes one argument – a color value.
Next, you need to call the turtle.begin_fill() function to tell
Python to start filling in your shape. You would call this function just before you start drawing your shape.
At the end of your shape you can use the turtle.end_fill() to
tell Python to stop filling in your shape. + Programming Challenge: Filled RGB Squares + Programming Challenge: Line of filled squares + Programming Challenge: Line of filled squares getting bigger + Programming Challenge: Rotated Filled Squares
Scratch Games Programming for Kids & Students: A Step-by-Step Guide and Design Programs for Creating Thoughtful Animations, Puzzles, and Games with Scratch 3.0
Scratch Games Programming for Kids & Students: A Step-by-Step Guide and Design Programs for Creating Thoughtful Animations, Puzzles, and Games with Scratch 3.0
