REVISION 1

Structured Question
1. a. Table 1.1 shows the melting point and boiling point of substance X and Y.
Substance Melting point (oC) Boiling point (oC)
X -56.6 -78.5
Y 650.0 1091.0
Table 1.1
(i) State the type of particle in Substance X. ________________________________________________ [1]

(ii) What is the physical state of Substance Y at 700oC? ______________________________________ [1]

(iii) Draw the arrangement of particles of Substance Y in a(ii). [1]

b. Siti prepared two cups of tea by dipping tea bags in warm and boiling water respectively. The boiling water turns brown
faster than in warm water.

(i) Name the process occurred in the above situation. ________________________________________ [1]
(ii) State the factor that affect the rate of process in b(i). Explain your answer. [2]

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c. Diagram 1 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements.The letters P and Q do not represent the actual symbols of the
elements.

P
Q

Diagram 1
Table 1.2 shows one characteristic for atoms of element R and S.
Atom Characteristic
R Has electron arrangement of 2.8.8.1
S Has a stable duplet electron arrangement
Table 1.2

i. Referring to Table 1.2, indicate the position of R and S by writing the letters in the correct boxes in Diagram 1. [2]
ii. Both elements P and Q can react with hot iron wool to form brown iron(III) salts. Which element reacts more vigorously
with hot iron? Explain your answer. [4]

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2. a. Diagram 2.1 shows the observations of some tests carried out on solid benzoic acid which is used to preserve food.
Add dry limestone powder Add water
White powder of benzoic acid No change Effervescence
Diagram 2.1
(i) Name the gas released. ___________________________________________________________________ [1]
(ii) Explain the differences in both observations. [3]

________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________

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(iii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction that occurs. _____________________________________________ [2]
b. Diagram 2.2 shows a bottle of vinegar containing ethanoic acid.

Diagram 3.2
The concentration of ethanoic acid in the vinegar is determined by titrating 25.00 cm3 of vinegar with 0.10 mol dm-3 sodium
hydroxide solution using phenolphthalein as an indicator. Table 2 shows the result of the experiment.
Titration I II III
Volume of NaOH used / cm3 23.40 23.60 23.50
Table 2
(i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction that occurs. ___________________________________________ [2]

(ii) Calculate the concentration of ethanoic acid in the vinegar that reacts with sodium hydroxide solution. [3]

3. a. Table 3 shows the empirical formulae and the molecular formulae of three compounds.

Compound Empirical formula Molecular formula

K C20H24N2O2
L C2H4O
M Cu(NO3)2 Cu(NO3)2
Table 3
(i) State the meaning of empirical formula. [1]

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(ii) Relative molecular mass of compound L is 88. Determine the molecular formula of compound L.
[Given that relative atomic mass : H = 1, C = 12, O = 16] [2]

(iii) Write the empirical formula of compound K._________________________________________________ [1]

b. Diagram 3.1 shows an air bag in a vehicle which is automatically inflated to protect passenger during accident.

Diagram 3.1

Sodium azide, NaN3 is used to inflate safety airbags in some vehicles. It decomposes rapidly when heated to produce
nitrogen gas that expands the airbag according to the following equation : 2 NaN3 → 2 Na + 3 N2

(i) Interpret the chemical equation in quantitative terms. [1]

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(ii) Calculate the volume of nitrogen gas produced from the decomposition of 19.5g sodium azide, NaN3.
[Given that relative atomic mass : N = 14, Na = 23; Molar volume of any gas at room condition is 24 dm3 mol-1] [3]
4. a. Diagram 4.1 shows the apparatus set-up of electrolysis process for Cell X and Cell Y using carbon electrodes of
P, Q, R and S. The electrolysis is carried out for 30 minutes in a fume chamber.

1.0 mol dm-3

hydrochloric acid

S
R Cell Y
P Q S
R Cell Y
Q Molten lead(II) iodide

Diagram 4.1
Heat
Cell X
(i) State the cathodes in Cell X._____________________________________________________________ [1]

(ii) Write all the formulae for the ions present in molten lead(II) iodide. _______________________________ [1]

(iii)State the observation at electrode P. ______________________________________________________ [1]

(iv) Write the half equation for the reaction that occurs at electrode Q. _______________________________ [1]

(v) The product at electrode S changed damp blue litmus paper to red and then bleached. Write the chemical equation
for the reaction of the observation. __________________________________________________________ [2]

(vi) Explain how does the concentration of electrolyte in Cell Y change after half an hour of electrolysis? [3]

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b. Diagram 4.2 shows various type of batteries.Improper disposal of these batteries can cause pollution to the
environment.

Mercury cell Lead acid accumulator Silver oxide cell

Diagram 4.2

As a chemistry student, justify the uses of these batteries in order to sustain a green environment. [2]

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5. Table 5 shows the results of an experiment to determine the heat of precipitation.

Set Reactants Initial temperature/ oC Lowest or highest temp. of
the mixture / oC
I 20 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution +20 cm3 29.0 ºC 32.0 °C
of 0.5 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution
II 20 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium carbonate solution + 29.0 ºC 26.0 °C
20 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 magnesium nitrate solution
Table 5
a. What is meant by heat of precipitation ? ___________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________[1]

b. State one observation for the reaction in Set I. ___________________________________________________ [1]

c. Write an ionic equation for the reaction in Set II. __________________________________________________ [1]

d. Compare the difference in the temperature change between Set I and Set II. Explain your answer. [2]

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e. Calculate the heat of precipitation for Set II.

[Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g-1 °C-1. Density of solution = 1 gcm-3] [3]

f. Draw energy level diagram for Set II. [2]

6. Diagram 6.1 shows a compound, that is produced by the formation of an ionic bond between a sodium ion, Na+ and
2-
an oxide ion, O .
2-
O
2

Diagram 3.1
a. Write the electron arrangement of atom Na and O . Na : _______________ O : _____________ [2]

b. How are a sodium ion and a oxide ion formed from their respective atoms ? [2]

Sodium ion : ___________________________________________________________________________________

Chloride ion : __________________________________________________________________________________

c. Name the force that exists between these ions in the compound.___________________________________ [1 ]

d. Diagram 6.2 shows the symbol representation for atoms of two elements, X and Y. The letters do not represent the
actual symbols of elements.
"# "!
!𝑋 $𝑌
Diagram 6.2

i. Draw a diagram of electron arrangement to show the bonding formed between elements X and Y. [2]

ii. State one property of the compound formed. ____________________________________________________ [1]

Essay Question
7a. Diagram 7.1 shows structural formula of tartaric acid which naturally present in plants like grapes, apricots,
banana and tamarind.

Diagram 7.1

Based on Diagram 7.1, determine the molecular formula and empirical formula of tartaric acid.
State two information that can be obtained from the molecular formula. [4]

b. Diagram 7.2 shows the graph of the results for the experiment of heating different masses of iron powder in oxygen
to form iron(III) oxide.
Mass of iron(III) oxide/g

Mass of iron / g

Diagram 7.2
i. Write the chemical equation for the reaction occur. [2]

ii. Referring to Diagram 7.2, determine mass of iron that reacted completely with oxygen. Calculate the volume of
oxygen needed for the complete reaction. [ 1 mole of oxygen gas occupies 24 dm3 at room condition] [4]

c.Table 7.1 shows the observations when white powder of oxide of elements in Period 3 are placed into two different
test tubes containing nitric acid and sodium hydroxide solution.
Oxide of element in Period 3 Nitric acid Sodium hydroxide solution
Oxide of P Colourless solution No change
Oxide of Q No change Colourless solution
Oxide of R Colourless solution Colourless solution
Table 7.1
i.Based on Table 7.1, explain why there are differences in the observations. [6]

ii.Suggest the name of element P, Q and R. Arrange elements P, Q and R in increasing order of atomic size. [4]

8.a.Diagram 8.1 shows the apparatus set-up to electroplate an iron nail with silver.

Zinc Silver
Nitric acid
Cell P

Iron nail 50 cm3of 1.0 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution

Silver

Cell Q
Diagram 8.1
i. State the type of cell for Cell P and Cell Q. Compare and contrast Cell P and Cell Q in terms of:
• energy change
• positive terminal of the cells
• half equation at anode
• observation at cathode [7]
•
ii. Calculate the maximum mass of silver deposited on iron nail during electroplating. [RAM of Ag = 108]. [3]
b. Diagram 8.2 shows electron arrangement of elements P, Q, R and S.

Diagram 8.2
i. Based on Diagram 8.2, choose two elements which form a compound that can conduct electricity in molten or
aqueous state. Explain in terms of electron arrangement how the compound is formed. [8]
State the reason why it can conduct electricity in molten or aqueous state but not in solid. [2]

9a. Diagram 9.1 shows a soda rocket prepared by Adam using household materials for his science project. This
demonstration apply reaction between vinegar and baking soda to launch the rocket.

Plastic bottle
Vinegar

Baking soda
Fins
Bottle cap

Diagram 9.1
Suggest a substance that Adam can use to replace vinegar so that he can ensure the rocket fly higher.Explain your
answer. [4]

b. Diagram 9.2 shows two sets of experiments to study the factor that affects the rate of reaction between zinc powder
and hydrochloric acid.
Set Reactant Time taken for reaction to complete / min
I

Zinc powder

5.0

II

Zinc powder
3.5

Diagram 9.2

i.Based on Diagram 9.2, suggest the concentration of hydrochloric acid used in Set I and Set II.
Explain why there is a difference in the rate of reaction by using collision theory.. [6]

ii.Referring to Diagram 9.2, experiment in Set I is repeated by replacing zinc powder with sodium thiosulphate
solution.
Describe a laboratory experiment to investigate how temperature affect the rate of reaction between sodium
thiosulphate solution and hydrochloric acid.
In your description include a balanced chemical equation. [10]
10a. Diagram 10.1 shows the apparatus set-up and observation of two sets of experiment to identify salt X.

Set I II
Apparatus Ammonia in solvent Y
set-up Ammonia
Salt X gas

Add salt X solution

Observation Brown gas. Brown solid is formed Green precipitate

Diagram 10.1

Based on Diagram 10.1, suggest solvent Y and identify salt X.

Describe a chemical test to verify the anion in salt X. [6]

b.The X-ray of gastrointestinal tract is not clear enough for diagnostic purposes due to poor visibility of soft tissues.
However, patient will ingest barium sulphate, known as barium meal before the radiographs are taken as shown in
Diagram 10.2. The radioopaque salt will coat the lining of the digestive tract, which allow accurate X-ray imaging of
the esophagus, stomach and duodenum..

Barium Meal Test: White outline showing barium in stomach and intestines

Diagram 10.2

i.Explain why barium meal is used in X-ray gastrointestinal tract. [2]

ii.Suggest solution T to react with barium nitrate solution to prepare barium sulphate. Name the reaction. [2]

iii.You are provided with 50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 solution T and 100 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 barium nitrate
solution.Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare dry barium sulphate salt by using the given materials.In your
description, include the following aspects:

• procedure of experiment

• chemical equation

• calculate the mass of dry barium sulphate produced

[Relative atomic mass: O =16, S = 32, Ba = 137] [10]