Programming In jBASE Basic

TEMENOS EDUCATION CENTRE

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purpose, without the express written permission of TEMENOS HEADQUARTERS SA Unauthorized
reproduction or distribution of this presentation or any portion of it, may result in severe civil and criminal
penalties, and will be prosecuted to the maximum extent possible under applicable law.” Information in this
document is subject to change without notice
Objectives

At the end of the session you will able to

▪ Describe and differentiate what a dynamic and a dimensioned
array is
▪ Explain the delimiters FM, VM and SM
▪ Create programs using jBASE Basic commands such as
▪ OPEN, READ, WRITE, READU
▪ Create programs using jBASE Basic constructs such as
▪ IF THEN ELSE
▪ CASE
▪ LOOP REPEAT
▪ FOR NEXT
▪ Compile and catalog programs
▪ Understand scope of variables
▪ Understand transaction blocks

Slide 3
Understanding Variable Declaration

▪ How do we declare variables generally?

▪ int score
Example : 45
▪ Char name
Example : A
▪ boolean result
TRUE or FALSE

Slide 4
Understanding Arrays

▪ How do we store more than 1 character or a number in one variable?

▪ Use arrays

▪ How do we tell the array how many characters or numbers it should

store
▪ Char Name[10]
Array ‘name’ can store up to a maximum of 10 characters
Example : Temenos
T E M E N O S

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Name[0] = T
Name[1] = E
Name[2] = M
Name[3] = E
Name[4] = N
Name[5] = O
Name[6] = S

Slide 5
Points To Remember

▪ For the array ‘Name’

▪ 10 bytes of continuous blocks of memory will get allocated
▪ 10 bytes will remain blocked for ‘name’ irrespective of whether there are 10
characters of data or not
▪ ‘name’ can only contain characters as it is of type char

1. If we declare an character array, can it only contain characters?

2. If we declare a numeric array, can it only contain numbers?

Slide 6
Break The Rules

▪ You don’t want your array to have a fixed length

▪ You don’t want your array to be bound to a data type

Welcome to Dynamic Arrays In jBASE Basic

Slide 7
Break The Rules

▪ You wish to store the string Temenos in a variable called ARR1

ARR1 = “Temenos”
▪ You wish to store today’s date in a variable called ARR1
ARR1 = “160108”
▪ You wish to store the number 134.67 in a variable called ARR1
ARR1 = 134.67

Can the variable ARR1 store all types of data and data of any length?

Slide 8
Dynamic Arrays

char [10]
char ARR1[10]

Slide 9
Dynamic Arrays And T24

▪ How are we able to have variable length records?

▪ Using dynamic arrays

▪ How do we store values of multiple fields in one dynamic array

▪ Using delimiters such as FM, VM and SM

ASCII Decimal Description

254 Field Marker
253 Value Marker
252 Sub-Value Marker

Filed1FMField2FM Value1VMValue2VMValue3VMValue4FMField4FMSubValue1SMSubValue2FMField5

Slide 10
Understanding FM, VM And SM

1 Name TemenosTrg Single value

field
2.1 Address India

2.2 Address UK Multi value

field
2.3 Address Geneva

3.1 Course Category Technical

4.1.1 Course Name jBASE Sub value

field
4.1.2 Course Name T24
3.2 Course Category Functional

4.2.1 Course Name Lending

4.2.2 Course Name Financials

5 Free Text

6 Inputter TRAINER.1

Slide 11
Dynamic Array – Data Storage

TemenosTrgFMIndiaVMUKVMGenevaFMTechnicalVMFunctionalFM
jBASESMT24VMLendingSMFinancialsFMFMTrainer.1

When a field does not contain any value,

there will still be a FM to delimit and say that
there is field that does not contain a value
now.

Slide 12
Dimensioned Arrays

▪ A dimensioned array is a group of dynamic arrays

▪ How many dynamic arrays form a dimensioned array?
▪ You can configure that
DIM ARR(5)

Dynamic Array 1
Dynamic Array 2
Dynamic Array 3
Dynamic Array 4
Dynamic Array 5

Slide 13
Initialing And Declaring – Is There A Difference

▪ Generally, a variable is declared, initialized and then used

int score → Declaration
score = 0 → Initialization
if score > 100 then …… → Usage of the variable

▪ In jBASE
▪ Variables don’t have to be declared
▪ It is a good practice to initialize the variable before using it
score = 0 →Initialization
If score > 100 then ……. → Usage of the variable

Slide 14
Question That You Might Have In Your Mind

Dynamic arrays do not have a data type. That being the case, how do you
decide what to initialize the variable to?

Slide 15
Where Do We Store The Program

▪ Before we actually start writing code, we need to have a directory to

store the code (program) we write

Slide 16
Write Your First jBASE Basic Program

▪ Program skeleton

*Comments

*Author

*Date of creation

*Amendment date and amendment details

PROGRAM <Program Name>

-----------

----------

END

Slide 17
Write Your First jBASE Basic Program

▪ Program to display a welcome note

*Program to display a welcome note

*Temenos Training

*Jan 2008

PROGRAM MY.FIRST.PROGRAM

CRT “Welcome to Temenos Training”

END

Slide 18
Compile The Program

▪ Compiling the program

▪ Checks for syntax errors
▪ If no errors, an executable is produced and placed under the directory
where the source file is

Slide 19
Catalog The Program

▪ Process of placing the executable in a directory in which the underlying

system will search for executables when the user executes the program

▪ Environment variable that controls where the executable will be stored

on cataloging : JBCDEV_BIN

▪ Environment variable that holds the search path of executables : PATH

JBCDEV_BIN=$HOME/bin
PATH=$HOME/bin:$HOME/globusbin:$PATH

Slide 20
Execute The Program

▪ Type the program name at the jsh prompt to execute the program

Slide 21
Task

▪ Create a hashed file with the below mentioned structure to store details of
trainers

@ID NAME CLASSIFICATION REGION COURSES

1 TOM TECHNICAL INDIA T24 jBASE Oracle

2 DICK BUSINESS US Retail Treasury

3 HARRY TECHNICAL UK T24 jBASE Oracle DB2

Slide 22
Solution – Create The File

Slide 23
Solution – Add The Dictionary Items

▪ Dict definition for @ID (To hold the id if the trainer)

Slide 24
Solution – Add The Dictionary Items

Slide 25
Workshop

▪ Create a hashed file with the below mentioned structure to store details of
trainees

@ID NAME CLASSIFICATION REGION TESTS WRITTEN SPECIALIZATION

(Multimedia,
programming,
testing)
1 TOM TECHNICAL INDIA T24 jBASE Oracle Programming

2 DICK BUSINESS US Retail Treasury Programming Multime

dia

3 HARRY TECHNICAL UK T24 jBASE Oracle DB2 Multimedia

Slide 26
Control Structures Before You Proceed Further

▪ IF THEN ELSE ▪ BEGIN CASE END CASE

IF <condition> THEN BEGIN CASE

<statements> CASE <variable> = <value>

END <statements>

CASE <variable> = <value>

IF <condition> THEN
<statements>
<statements>
CASE <variable> = <value>
END ELSE
<statements>
<statements>
CASE 1
END
<statements>

END CASE

Slide 27
Control Structures

▪ FOR NEXT ▪ Open LOOP

FOR <variable>=<initval> TO <maxval> LOOP

<statements> WHILE <Condition> DO

NEXT <variablename> <statements>

if <condition> THEN BREAK

<statements>

REPEAT

Slide 28
Task

Create a program that will display the following menu and perform the
appropriate operations on the TRAINER file

Trainer File – Data Manipulation Menu

********************************************
1. Insert records
2. Display records
3. Update records
4. Delete records
5. Exit

Slide 29
Algorithm

▪ Open the TRAINER file

▪ Create the menu
▪ Accept the choice from the user
▪ If choice is 1 (Insert)
▪ Accept the @ID, name, classification, region and courses.delivered
▪ Write the data on to the TRAINER file
▪ If choice is 2 (Display)
▪ Accept the @ID
▪ Check if the record exists. If it does
Read the record from the file
Display the record

Slide 30
Algorithm

▪ If choice is 3 (Update)
▪ Accept the @ID
▪ Check if the record exists. If it does
Read and Lock the record from the file
Accept the changes for the various fields
Write the data on to the TRAINER file
▪ If choice is 4 (Delete)
▪ Accept the @ID
▪ Check if the record exists. If it does
Delete the record from the file
▪ If choice is 5 (Exit)
▪ Exit from the menu

Slide 31
Solution

▪ Open the TRAINER file

▪ Command to be used : OPEN

▪ Syntax

OPEN file-name TO file-variable {SETTING var} THEN|ELSE

statements

▪ Example

OPEN TRAINER TO F.TRAINER THEN CRT “Open Successful” ELSE CRT “Unable to open
file”

Slide 32
Solution

▪ Create the menu and accept the choice from the user

▪ Commands to be used : CRT and INPUT

▪ CRT : The CRT statement sends data directly to the terminal
▪ INPUT : The INPUT statement accepts input from the user
▪ Syntax
CRT expression
INPUT variable

▪ Example
CRT "Trainer File – Data Manipulation Menu "
CRT " *************************************"
CRT " 1. Insert "
CRT " 2. Display "
CRT " 3. Update"
CRT " 4. Delete”
CRT " 5. Exit”
INPUT Y.CHOICE

Slide 33
More on CRT

▪ CRT can also be used to display variable values

Example : CRT Y.CHOICE

▪ CRT can also be used to display variable values concatenated with

string constants

Example : CRT “Choice input by the user is ”:Y.CHOICE

‘:’ is the concatenation operator

Slide 34
Solution

▪ Based on user input do appropriate processing

▪ Command to be used : BEGIN CASE….. END CASE

Slide 35
Solution

BEGIN CASE
CASE Y.CHOICE = 1
GOSUB PERFORM.INSERT
CASE Y.CHOICE = 2
GOSUB PERFORM.DISPLAY
CASE Y.CHOICE = 3
GOSUB PERFORM.UPDATE
CASE Y.CHOICE = 4
GOSUB PERFORM.DELETE
CASE Y.CHOICE = 5
EXIT(1)
CASE 1
CRT “Invalid option entered.Exiting..”
EXIT(1)
END CASE

Slide 36
Solution

▪ If choice is 1 (Insert)
▪ Accept the @ID, name, classification, region and courses.delivered
▪ Write the data on to the TRAINER file

▪ Commands to be used : CRT and INPUT

▪ CRT and INPUT to display text and accept user input
▪ WRITE to write the data to the TRAINER data file
▪ Syntax

WRITE array-variable TO file-variable,record-id {SETTING setvar} {ON ERROR

statements}
END

Slide 37
Solution
CRT "Enter details to create a new record"
R.TRAINER = '‘
CRT "EMP ID: "
INPUT Y.EMP.ID

CRT "NAME: " Contents of R.TRAINER

INPUT Y.NAME
R.TRAINER<-1> = Y.NAME Nick

CRT "CLASSIFICATION: "

INPUT Y.CLASSIFICATION
NickFMTechnical
R.TRAINER<-1> = Y.CLASSIFICATION

CRT "REGION: "

INPUT Y.REGION
R.TRAINER<-1> = Y.REGION NickFMTechnicalFMIndia

CRT "COURSE DELIVERED: "

CRT "If the trainer has delivered multiple courses delimit values using comma ,”
INPUT Y.COURSE.DELIVERED

Slide 38
Solution

Y.COUNT = DCOUNT(Y.COURSE.DELIVERED,',') Counts the number of values delimited by

delimiter comma
* Change the commas to value markers
FOR Y.COURSE.COUNT = 1 TO Y.COUNT
Y.CD = FIELD(Y.COURSE.DELIVERED,',',Y.COURSE.COUNT,1)
R.TRAINER<4,-1> = Y.CD Append values using VM as delimiter
NEXT Y.COURSE.COUNT

Content of R.TRAINER after the FOR loop has executed completely

NickFMTechnicalFMIndiaFMOracleVMDB2

Slide 39
Write the record to the file

WRITE R.TRAINER TO F.TRAINER,Y.EMP.ID SETTING V.ERR.VAR

ON ERROR
CRT “Record could not written”
CRT “Reason: “:V.ERR.VAR
END

Slide 40
Solution

▪ If choice is 2 (Display)
▪ Accept the @ID
▪ Check if the record exists. If it does read the record from the file and display the
record

▪ Commands to be used : CRT and INPUT

▪ CRT and INPUT to display text and accept user input
▪ READ to read the file

▪ Syntax

READ array-variable FROM file-variable,record-id {SETTING setvar}

{ON ERROR statements} THEN|ELSE statements

Slide 41
Solution

CRT "Which record do you want to display"

INPUT Y.EMP.ID

READ R.TRAINER FROM F.TRAINER,Y.EMP.ID SETTING Y.ERR.VAR ELSE

CRT "Unable to read record”
CRT “Reason: “:Y.ERR.VAR
EXIT(1)
END

CRT "Name: ":R.TRAINER<1>

CRT "Classification: ":R.TRAINER<2>
CRT "Region: ":R.TRAINER<3>
CRT "Course Delivered: ":R.TRAINER<4>

Slide 42
Solution

▪ If choice is 3 (Update)
▪ Accept the @ID
▪ Check if the record exists. If it does
Read and Lock the record from the file
Accept the changes for the various fields
Write the data on to the TRAINER file

▪ Commands to be used : CRT and INPUT

▪ CRT and INPUT to display text and accept user input
▪ READU to read and lock the file
▪ WRITE to write data to the file

Slide 43
Insight into READ

READ R.TRAINER FROM F.TRAINER,1

@ID NAME CLASSIFICATION REGION COURSES

1 TOM TECHNICAL INDIA T24 jBASE Oracle

2 DICK BUSINESS US Retail Treasury

3 HARRY TECHNICAL UK T24 jBASE Oracle DB2

READ R.TRAINER FROM F.TRAINER,1

Slide 44
READU

▪ Use the READU statement when you wish to read and lock a record
▪ Syntax

READU array variable FROM file variable, record id {SETTING

setvar} {ON ERROR statements} {LOCKED statements} THEN|ELSE
statements

Slide 45
Insight into READU

User 1 - READU R.TRAINER FROM F.TRAINER,1

@ID NAME CLASSIFICATION REGION COURSES

1 TOM TECHNICAL INDIA T24 jBASE Oracle

2 DICK BUSINESS US Retail Treasury

3 HARRY TECHNICAL UK T24 jBASE Oracle DB

2

User 2 - READU R.TRAINER FROM F.TRAINER,1 Lock information in memory

Record 1 in TRAINER locked by
Is record No
User 1
locked? Yes

Slide 46
READU – When is the lock released

The lock taken by the READU statement will be released by any of the
following events:

▪ The record is written to by the same program with WRITE, WRITEV or

MATWRITE statements.

▪ The record is deleted by the same program with the DELETE

statement.

▪ The record lock is released explicitly using the RELEASE statement.

▪ The program stops normally or abnormally.

▪ Use the SHOW-ITEM-LOCKS command to view locks currently held

Slide 47
More code

CRT "Which record do you wish to update?"

INPUT Y.EMP.ID
READU R.TRAINER FROM F.TRAINER, Y.EMP.ID LOCKED
CRT “Locked by Port “:SYSTEM(43):” –retrying”
END ELSE
CRT “Record does not exist”
END
Y.OPERATION = ‘Y’ ; *Get into the loop the first time
LOOP
WHILE Y.OPERATION EQ 'Y' DO
CRT "Enter the field number and the new value delimited by _"
CRT " 1.NAME 2.CLASSIFICATION 3.REGION 4.COURSE DELIVERED“
CRT “Value for COURSES DELIVERED should be delimited with ‘,’ “
INPUT Y.FN.FV ; *Accept field number and field value
Y.FIELD.NUM = FIELD(Y.FN.FV,'_',1,1) ; *Extract the field number
Y.FIELD.VALUE = FIELD(Y.FN.FV,'_',2,1) ; *Extract the field value

Slide 48
Solution
*Only field 4(Courses delivered) needs to be handled differently
IF R.TRAINER<Y.FIELD.NUM> NE 4 THEN
R.TRAINER<Y.FIELD.NUM> = Y.FIELD.VALUE
END
ELSE
R.TRAINER<4> = ‘’ ; *Delete all values in field COURSES.DELIVERED
Y.COUNT = DCOUNT(Y.FIELD.VALUE,',')
FOR Y.COURSES.COUNT = 1 TO Y.COUNT
Y.CD = FIELD(Y.FIELD.VALUE,',',Y.COURSES.COUNT,1)
R.TRAINER<4,-1> = Y.CD
NEXT Y.COURSES.COUNT
END
CRT “Do you wish to update another field”
CRT Y.OPERATION
REPEAT
*Write the new record to the file
WRITE R.TRAINER TO F.TRAINER,Y.EMP.ID SETTING V.ERR.VAR ON ERROR
CRT “Record could not written”
CRT “Reason: “:V.ERR.VAR
END

Slide 49
Solution

▪ If choice is 4 (Delete)
▪ Accept the @ID
▪ Check if the record exists. If it does
Delete the record from the file

▪ Commands to be used : CRT and INPUT

▪ CRT and INPUT to display text and accept user input
▪ DELETE to delete the record from the file
▪ Syntax

DELETE file variable,record id {SETTING setvar} {ON ERROR

statements}

▪ Example
DELETE F.TRAINER,Y.EMP.ID SETTING Y.ERR.VAR ON ERROR

CRT “Unable to delete record”

CRT “Reason: “:Y.ERR.VAR

END
Slide 50
Take a look at the consolidated solution

Slide 51
Workshop

Write a program to display the following menu and perform appropriate

actions based on the option chosen. All operations should be based on
the TRAINEE file.

Trainee File – Data Manipulation Menu

********************************************
1. INSERT (To insert a new record)
2. UPDATE (To update an existing record)
3. DISPLAY (Display the details of a given record)
4. DELETE (To delete an existing record)
5. Exit

Once a record id is accepted, a check to see if the record already exists has to take place
If the record id exists
Insert operation should not be permitted
All other operations can be permitted
If the record id does not exist
Insert operation should be permitted
All other operations should not be permitted

Slide 52
Task

Add a new field called designation in the TRAINER table.

Write a program which will check the number of courses

delivered by the technical trainers. If the number is more than 5, then
update the field DESIGNATION to SENIOR else JUNIOR. Use
dimensioned arrays while writing the program

Slide 53
Algorithm

Step 1: Edit the dict file TRAINER]D add the field ‘DESIGNATION’

Step 2: Open the TRAINER file

Step 3: Select all trainer ids whose designation is technical

Step 4: Remove one trainer id from the selected list

Step 5: Read the record

Step 6: Get the value for the field COURSE.DELIVERED

Slide 54
Algorithm

Step 7: Count the number of courses delivered

Step 8: If the count is greater than 5, set the field designation to senior
else junior

Step 9: Flush data to disk

Step 10: Repeat steps 4 to 9 for all trainers using the loop and repeat
statements

Slide 55
Solution

▪ Edit the dictionary file TRAINER]D and add the field ‘DESIGNATION’

▪ Open the TRAINER file

OPEN TRAINER TO F.TRAINER THEN CRT “Open Successful” ELSE CRT “Unable to open file”

Slide 56
Solution

▪ Select all technical trainers

▪ Command to be used : EXECUTE

▪ Assign the select statement to a variable
▪ Execute the select statement stored in the variable

▪ Syntax

EXECUTE Selectstmt {RTNLIST return variable}

▪ Example

SELECT.STATEMENT = ‘SELECT TRAINER WITH CLASSIFICATION EQ TECHNICAL’

EXECUTE SELECT.STATEMENT RTNLIST KEY.LIST

Slide 57
Solution

▪ Remove trainer ID from the selected list

▪ Command to be used : REMOVE

▪ Syntax

REMOVE variable FROM array SETTING setvar

▪ Example

REMOVE Y.TRAIN.ID FROM KEY.LIST SETTING POS

Slide 58
Solution

▪ Read the record

▪ Command to be used : MATREAD

▪ Syntax

MATREAD array variable FROM file variable, record id {SETTING

setvar} {ON ERROR statements} {THEN|ELSE statements}

▪ Example

DIM Y.MAT.REC(10)

MATREAD Y.MAT.REC FROM F.TRAINER, Y.TRAIN.ID ELSE

CRT "UNABLE TO READ RECORD"

END
Slide 59
Solution

▪ Get the value for the field courses delivered and count the number of
courses delivered

Y.COURSES.DELIVERED = Y.MAT.REC(4)

Y.COUNT = DCOUNT(Y.COURSES.DELIVERED,VM)

Slide 60
Solution

▪ If the count is greater than 5, set the field designation to senior else
junior

IF Y.COUNT GT 5 THEN

Y.MAT.REC(5)<1> = 'SENIOR'

END

ELSE

Y.MAT.REC(5)<1> = 'JUNIOR'

END

Slide 61
Solution

▪ Flush data to disk

▪ Command to be used : MATWRITE

▪ Syntax

MATWRITE array ON file variable, record id {SETTING setvar}

{ON ERROR statements}

▪ Example

MATWRITE Y.MAT.REC ON F.TRAINER, Y.TRAIN.ID

Slide 62
Take a look at the consolidated solution

Slide 63
Workshop

Add a new field called STATUS in the TRAINEE table.

Write a program which will check the number of tests passed by the trainee.
If the number is more than 5, then update the field STATUS to
PERMANENT else PROBATION. Use dimensioned arrays in the program.
Use MATREADU to read. Refer the www.jbase.com website for details on the
MATREADU statement.

Slide 64
Variables - Scope

▪ What is meant by variable scope?

Slide 65
Transaction Management

Slide 66
What Is A Transaction Block?

A cheque to
• Debit Customer A with USD 500
• Credit Customer B with USD 500
Reason : House Rent

Debit Customer A with USD 500

Credit Customer B with USD 500 Failure Database

Lead to inconsistent Data

Slide 67
What Is A Transaction Block? (Cont.)

A cheque to
• Debit Customer A with USD 500
• Credit Customer B with USD 500
Reason : House Rent

Debit Customer A with USD 500

Network failure
Credit Customer B with USD 500
Database

Either both are saved or none are saved

Slide 68
Transaction block in jBASE

TRANSTART

<statements>

<statements>

TRANSEND

Slide 69
Transaction Processing

Slide 70
Workshop

You have already written code for

“Write a program which will check the number of tests passed by the
trainee.
If the number is more than 5, then update the field STATUS to
PERMANENT else PROBATION. Use dimensioned arrays in the program.
Use MATREADU to read. Refer the www.jbase.com website for details on
the MATREADU statement.”
Amend this program and incorporate transaction management so that all
records selected are updated or none are updated

Slide 71
Useful jBASE commands

Slide 72
Quiz

Slide 73
Summary

▪ You will now be able to

▪ Describe and differentiate what a dynamic and a dimensioned array is
▪ Explain the delimiters FM, VM and SM
▪ Create programs using jBASE Basic commands such as
▪ OPEN
▪ READ
▪ WRITE
▪ READU
▪ Create programs using jBASE Basic constructs such as
▪ IF THEN ELSE
▪ CASE
▪ LOOP REPEAT
▪ FOR NEXT
▪ Compile and catalog programs

Slide 74
Summary (Cont.)

You will now be able to

▪ Explain scope of variables

▪ Describe transaction block
▪ Use transaction management related commands in jBASE Basic
programs

Slide 75
Thank You

TEMENOS EDUCATION CENTRE

Warning: This document, is protected by copyright law and international treaties. No part of this document
may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any
purpose, without the express written permission of TEMENOS HEADQUARTERS SA Unauthorized
reproduction or distribution of this presentation or any portion of it, may result in severe civil and criminal
penalties, and will be prosecuted to the maximum extent possible under applicable law.” Information in this
document is subject to change without notice