Changing Trends and Career in Physical Education
Changing Trends and Career in Physical Education
Contents
1.1 Meaning and Definition of Physical Education
1.2 Aims and Objectives of Physical Education
1.3 Career Options in Physical Education
1.4 Competitions in Various Sports at National and International Level
1.5 Khelo-India Program
Introduction
Changes is the law of nature. Changes are always welcomed whether in a game or education. As the time
passes new techniques and trends take place. Consequently, the standard of players improved. It is our duty
to stay up dated with the games and also it is necessary for teachers to be sure of adoping the latest techniques
if there is any and seems to be beneficial for the students. In ancient times man needed physical education
to stay alive. He was known as hunter. He used to hunt the wild animals. Many a time he stayed in the caves
of lions as he had no home or shelter. As he civilization kep on changing different people have different
opinions about the concept of physical education. Some called it body culture and some named it health and
education recreation. But in present context, the effort of imparting education through physical activities is
called physical education. It can be said that today physical education in a integral part of education. Physical
education aims on overall development of human being, which included body and mind.
➡ Recognition to NSF are granted by Indian Olympic Committee an autonomous body of Ministry
of Youth and Sports headed by cabinet minister Government of India.
Know
➡ Board of Cricket Control of India is only administrative body NOT a National Sports Federation.
➡ All International Competitions are distinguish into four main categories
➡ Khelo-India is a national level drive to develop sports culture from grass-root level.
➡ Khelo-India are having 12 main functioning areas and covers 16 Indian traditional and modern
games.
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Definitions
According to the Ministry of Education—“The aim of physical education should be to make a child mentally,
physically and emotionally healthy and strong so that he/she may develop personal and social traits, live in
company of others happily and become a good citizen”.
According to J.F. Williams—“Physical education should aim to provide skilled leadership, adequate
facilities and ample time for the individual and the groups to participate in activities that are physically
wholesome, mentally stimulating and socially sound.” According to him, only those activities should be selected
for the personality which are beneficial for health.
1. Physical Development: The main objective of physical education is physical development. Physical
education is related to several physical activities. When we do any physical activity, it affects our
different body systems—blood circulation, respiratory system, muscular system, digestive system, etc.
It results in the development of the size and shape of organs. It is helpful to make body healthy and
strong. If our body systems are fine and healthy, only then we shall be able to do our work efficiently
and be safe from several disease like high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity and arthritis. For e.g.,
Running increases the heart rate which helps the blood to flow efficiently through the whole body.
2. Mental Development: This objective is related to mental development. There should be some activities
in physical education to keep our brain alert and concentrated. Now-a-days, physical education is not
related to physical exercises only but it also includes rules of game, principles, structures of body,
balanced diet, healthy and disease free body, personal cleanliness, etc. These physical activities sharpen
the brain. By taking part in physical activities a person learn to tackle various situations. During
sports, many situations occur in which a player takes his/her self-decision. So, this results in their
mental development and decreases the stress level.
3. Social Development: This objective of physical education is related to social skills which are helpful
in coordination. During a competition, players of different regions come together on single platform. So,
they learn cooperation, support, respect, good sportsmanship, etc. through these skills, players can
make their nation healthy and strong.
4. Emotional Development: The objective of physical education is to make an individual emotionally
developed through physical activity. A man is endowed with different emotions like happiness, jealousy,
hope, despair, joy, fear, loneliness, weal and woe, etc. If they do not control these emotions, then there
will be no place for them in the society, which can be harmful for them. Physical education programmes
develop these emotions and teach us to control them.
5. Spiritual Development: The objective of physical education for an individual is to reflect time and
again to evaluate their experiences to allow them to build a positive mindset and promote progression.
Owing to increased sports participation and sports related business, there is a need for individuals to train in
sports management. Now administration related career opportunities are available in various fields, such as
sports administration, management of sports clubs and facilities, sports marketing and promotion. In western
countries, colleges and universities offer Undergraduate and Post-graduate degrees in sports management but
in India, it is still in its infancy. In India, management and administration are taught as a subject at both
Undergraduate and Post-graduate levels. In fact, administrators are required not only in teaching areas but
also they are required in areas connected with teaching, such as sports programmes. The explanation of the
departments of physical education is as follows:
In colleges and universities, coaches are required to train different teams for various competitions. Apart
from this, there are coaching jobs available in sports clubs, hotels, professional team, social parks and government
sector. There are advantages and disadvantages of this profession.
(i) As Players
Players take part at different levels like inter-college, inter-school, district level, state level, national, international
level and in olympics. The players’ who become successful in sports competitions, are able to make their careers
as players. In India, scholarships are given to good players. For good players, various government and non-
government companies like defence services, banks, airlines, railways, etc. offer the job opportunities. In
western countries, various players in ten years of their profession/career in baseball, basketball, football,
hockey, cricket, tennis, etc. earn a lot. They earn much more money than the players who work life long-in their
jobs. The ‘New York Yankees’ releated professional players get the most handsome salaries in the world.
Martina Navratilova (tennis player) earned 2 million dollars per year through commercial advertisements. In
1971, Bill Jean King was the first woman tennis player who won 1,00,000 dollars per year. There are many
such examples in cricket as well in India like Virat Kohli, M.S. Dhoni etc.
(ii) As Officials
Good management of any sports of games depends upon efficient and talented officials. A player plays and
performs for 10 or less years. Afterwards, these players make their career as officials because they have come
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to learn about the game thoroughly. So, the job opportunities are part-time or full-time as officials—referee,
umpire, time-keeper, recorder, scorer, etc. Their requirement depends on the competitions to be held every
year. It is also a good job opportunity related to sports. The former players can also make their careers by
becoming officials. If players after their retirement become officials; they should have sound knowledge of their
respective games and sports. A good sports official should do his work efficiently and in a good manner.
5. Careers in Sector
The various means of communication—T.V., radio, newspaper, magazine, etc. have contributed a lot in covering
sports events and promoting them far and worldwide. TV channels—Star Sports, Star Cricket, Ten Sports, etc.
give sports coverage round the clock.
Kabaddi is most popular indigeneous sport in the country. Other popular sports in India are Athletics, Badminton,
Judo, Football, Basketball, Chess, Shooting, Wrestling, Boxing, Tennis, Squash, Weightlifting, Gymnastics and
Table-Tennis. Some indigeneous sports like Kho-Kho and Kabaddi are very popular. Some other sports were
originated in India such as Chess, Leg Cricket, Snooker, etc. are also very popular.
The National Games of India is a national domestic sports event organisation which has been held in the
country since 1924 and for developing multi-sports culture in India. Khelo-India School Games, an event for
Under-17 School Kids, had been started from 2018 as its first edition.
Political responsibility for sport in India is with the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, which is headed
by a cabinet minister and managed by National Sports Federations. The only major exception is the BCCI
which is the administrative body of Cricket but not a NSF. Presently, there are more than 70 recognised
National Sports Federations (NSF).
Sports Authority of India, the field arm of the ministry, supports and nurtures talent in youth and
provides them with requisite infrastructure, equipment, coaching, facilities and competition exposure. Sir
Dorabji Tata with the support of Dr. A.G. Noehren established the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) in 1927.
IOA is responsible for the Indian continents participation in the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games, Asian
Games and South Asian Federation Games. Each Olympic and Non-Olympic Sport has a federation at the
national level. Some of them are as follows:
9. Judo Judo Federation of India (JFI) • Cawas Billrmoria Olympics, World Games,
Established In : 1965 • Akram Shah SAFG, CWG, Asian Games,
Current President : Pratap Singh Bajwa • Garima Chaudhary European Judo
Headquarter : New Delhi • Sandeep Byala Championship, Judo Grand
• Tombi Devi Prix, PAN AMERICAN
• Navjot Chana JUDO CHAMPIONSHIP
• Sushila Likmabam
10. Kabaddi Amature Kabaddi Federation of India (AKFI) • Anup Kumar Asian Games, Kabaddi
Established In : 1973 • Abhilasha Matre World Cups, Pro-Kabaddi
Current President : S.P. Garg • Manjit Chillan League, Federation Cups,
Headquarter : New Delhi • Ajay Thakur National Kabaddi
• Rahul Chaudhary Championships,
• Pradeep Narwal Khelo India Games
11. Kho-Kho Kho-Kho Federation of India (KKFI) • Satish Rai National Championship,
Established In : 1959–60 • Sarika Kale Nehru Gold Cup,
Current President : Rajeev Mehta • Pankaj Malhotra Federation Cup
Headquarter : New Delhi • Mandakini Majhi
• Praveen Kumar
• Shabeer Bapu
12. Shooting National Rifle Association of India (NRAI) • Rajyavardhan Singh Rathod Olympic,
Established In : 1951 • Abhinav Bindra World Championship,
Current President : Sh. Ravinder Singh • Jitu Rai Asian Games, CWG,
Headquarter : New Delhi • Apurvi Chandela SAF Games,
• Jaspal Rana National Games,
• Gagan Narang Khelo India Games
• Manu Bhakar
• Heena Sindhu
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Competitions where the invited nations or athletes have a shared language, religion, ethnicity, occupation
or political allegiance.
Competitions
Event Ist Held Level of Competition Participants
Olympic Games 1896 World games Worldwide
Worldwide Championships 1983 World championships Worldwide
World Indoor Championships 1985 World indoor championships Worldwide
Universiade 1959 University games Worldwide (college athletes)
Military World Games 1995 Military games Worldwide (military athletes)
World Military Track & Field 1941 Military championships Worldwide (military athletes)
Championship
Asian Games 1951 Continental games Asia
Asian Indoor Games 2005 Continental indoor games Asia
Pan American Games 1951 Continental games Americas
African Games 1965 Continental games Africa
European Games 2015 Continental games Europe
European Championships 1934 Continental championships Europe
European Indoor 1966 Continental indoor Europe
Championships championships
South American Championships 1919 Continental championships South America
Asian Championships 1973 Continental championships Asia
African Championships 1979 Continental championships Africa
Oceanian Championships 1990 Continental championships Oceania
Mediterranean Games 1951 Regional games All nations bordering
the Mediterranean Sea
Pan Arab Games 1953 Regional games Arab World nations
Commonwealth Games 1930 Regional games Commonwealth of Nations
Central American and 1926 Regional games Central American and
Caribbean Games Caribbean nations
East Asian Games 1983 Regional games East Asian nations
South Asian Games 1953 Regional games South Asian nations
Southeast Asian Games 1959 Regional games Southeast Asian nations
Island Games 1985 Regional games European islands and other
small territories
Games of the Small States of Europe 1985 Regional games Small states of Europe
Maccabiah Games 1932 Ethnoreligious games Jewish athletes and Israeli
athletes (including
Arab Israelis)
Lusophony Games 2006 Language games Portuguese speaking nations
Jeux de la Francophonie 1989 Language games French-speaking nations
Central American and 1967 Regional championships Central American and
Caribbean Championships Caribbean nations
North American, Central 2007 Regional championships North American, Central
American and Caribbean American and
Championships Caribbean nations
Ibero-American 1983 Regional championships Ibero-American countries
Championships
Pacific Conference Games 1969 Invitational championships Five Pacific-coast countries
(later invitational)
FAJR Indoor Championships 1992 Regional championships Asia
World Deaf Athletics 2008 World championships Worldwide
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Khelo-India Program
(i) Play field development
(ii) Community coaching development
(iii) State level Khelo-India centres
(iv) Annual Sports Competitions
(v) Talent search and development program
(vi) Utilization and Creation/Upgradation of Sports Infrastructure
(vii) Support to National/Regional/State Sports Academics
(viii) Physical fitness of school children
(ix) Sports for Women
(x) Promotion of Sports amongst people with disabilities
(xi) Sports for peace and development
(xii) Promotion of rural and indigenous/tribal games
Talented players identlised in priority sports disciplines at various levels by the high powered committee
will be provided annual financial assistance of “INR 5 Lakh per annum for 8 years”.
Changing Trends and Career in Physical Education 15
Khelo-India school games, which are a part of the Khelo-India Program, are First being held from 31st
January to 8th February, 2018 in New Delhi. Under-17 athletics have been invited to participate across 16
disciplines, which are as follows:
(i) Archery (ii) Athletics (iii) Badminton
(iv) Basketball (v) Boxing (vi) Football
(vii) Gymnastics (viii) Hockey (ix) Judo
(x) Kabaddi (xi) Kho-Kho (xii) Shooting
(xiii) Swimming (xiv) Volleyball (xv) Weightlifting
(xvi) Wrestling
Khelo-India Program meaning play India youth games, held annually in January or February, are the
national level multidisciplinary grassroot games in India’s held for under-17years school students. Every year
best 1000 students will be given an annual scholarship of INR 5,00,000 for 8 years to prepare them for the
international sporting events.
First event – 2018
Occur every – Annually
Last event – 2019
Headquarters – New Delhi
Purpose – Grassroot level talent hunt
In First Khelo-India games small state of Haryana (102 medals including 38 gold, 26 silver and 38 bronze)
which is considered a sports powerhouse was the top team in 2018, followed by Maharashtra (111 medals
including 36 gold) and Delhi (94 medals including 25 gold).
History
On 31st January, 2018 the Prime Minister Narendra Modi, inaugurated Khelo-India school games at the
opening ceremony based on Guru-Shishya tradition held at Indira Gandhi Stadium, New Delhi.
Selection Criteria
Only selected school kids below the age of 17 years are eligible to compete in the individual sports. Top 8 sports
person from the school games federation of India’s National School Games. 4 nominations from federation, one
from Central Board of Secondary Education, one from the host state and one from the organising committee
will be selected. For Archery, Badminton and Shooting, the top 16 from the National School Games, 8 nominations
by the federation, one from CBSE, one from host state, one from organising committee, and 6 from wild cards
will be selected.
Objectiveness of Schemes
To encourage, promote and popularize the indigenous sports and games and those played in the rural and tribal
areas of the country.
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