G D Goenka Public School, Sector-22 Rohini Class-Ix Subject-Geography Chapter-6-Population

G D GOENKA PUBLIC SCHOOL, SECTOR-22 ROHINI
CLASS-IX
SUBJECT-GEOGRAPHY
CHAPTER-6-POPULATION
People are themselves resources with varying qualities.

• Population is the point of reference from which all other elements are
observed and from which they derive significance and meaning like
resources, calamities, disasters etc.
• The Census of India provides us with information regarding the
population of our country.
• Census is an official enumeration of population done periodically. In
India census is held every 10th year.
Population Size and Distribution
• Uttar Pradesh accounts for about 16 per cent of the country’s population.
• India’s population as in March 2001 stood at 1,028 million accounting
for 16.7 per cent of the world’s population.
• Almost half of the India’s population lives in just five states. These are
Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh.
• Population density is calculated as the number of persons per unit area.
• Population density is affected by relief of the area.
Population Growth and Processes of Population Change
• The numbers, distribution and composition of the population are
constantly changing. Hence population is a dynamic phenomenon.
• Growth of population refers to the change in the number of inhabitants of
a country/territory during a specific period of time.
• Since 1982 India’s population growth rate is on the decline.
• When more than a billion people increase even at lower rate, the total
numbers added becomes very large.
• The declining trend of the growth rate is indeed a positive indicator of the
efforts of birth control.
•
• The natural increase of population is the difference between birth rates
and death rates.
• The number of death per thousand persons in a year is the Death Rate.
• Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories.
• Migration can be internal and international.
• Migration changes not only population size but also the population
composition of urban and rural populations in terms of age and sex
composition.
• Pull and push are the factors responsible for migration.
• The age composition of a population refers to the number of people in
different age groups in a country.
• The population of a nation is generally grouped into three broad
categories, namely children (generally below 15 years), working age (15
– 59) years) and aged (above 59 years).
• Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per thousand males in the
population.
• The sex ratio in India has always remained unfavorable to females.
• Kerala has the highest sex ratio whereas Delhi and Haryana are amongst
lowest.
• A person of seven years of age or above who is able to read and write
with a certain understanding is called a literate.
• Males have more literacy than females.
• The distribution of the population according to different types of
occupation is referred to as the occupational structure.
• Primary activities include agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, fishing,
mining and quarrying etc. Secondary activities include manufacturing
industry, building and construction work etc. Tertiary activities include
transport, communications, commerce, administration and other services.
• Sustained efforts of government programmes have registered significant
improvements in the health conditions of the Indian population. Death
rate is considerably reduced.
• It is a matter of concern that the per capita calorie consumption is much
below the recommended level in India.
• Adolescent population constitutes one fifth of the total population of
India.
• Adolescents in India face the problem of malnutrition that can be dealt
with by spreading awareness, literacy and education among them.
• The Family Welfare Programme has sought to promote responsible and
planned parenthood on a voluntary basis.
National Population Policy 2000 aims at improving conditions of adolescents,
aiming at encourages delayed marriages and child bearing, educating about
risks of unprotected sex and provisions for nutritional needs.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWER:-
Q1: Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) Migrations change the number, distribution and composition of the
population in
(a) The area of departure
(b) Both the area of departure and arrival
(c) The area of arrival
(d) None of the above
Ans- (b) Both the area of departure and arrival
(ii) A large proportion of children in a population is a result of

(a) High birth rates
(b) High death rates
(c) High life expectancies
(d) More married couples
Ans- (a) High birth rates
(iii) The magnitude of population growth refers to:-

(a) The total population of an area
(b) The number of persons added each year
(c) The rate at which the population increases
(d) The number of females per thousand males
Ans-(b) The number of persons added each year
(iv) According to the Census 2001, a “literate” person is one who………

(a) Can read and write his/her name
(b) Can read and write any language
(c) Is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding
(d) Knows the 3 ‘R’s (reading, writing, arithmetic)
Ans-(c) Is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding
Q2: Answer the following questions briefly.

(i) Why is the rate of population growth in India declining since 1981?
(ii) Discuss the major components of population growth.
(iii) Define age structure, death rate and birth rate.
(iv) How is migration a determinant factor of population change?
Ans-
(i) The family planning programme helped in increasing the
awareness about the benefits of smaller family size. This helped
in reducing the rate of population growth in India since 1981.
(i) Birth rate, death rate and migration are the major components of
population growth. A higher birth rate; coupled with a lower death
rate leads to population growth. International migration can lead to
population growth of more number of people are coming from
other countries than the number of people going outside the
country.
(ii) Age Structure: Relative percentage of various age groups in the
population is called age structure of the population. Age group is
generally divided into children (upto 14 years), working age (15 –
59 years) and aged (60 years and above). Death Rate: The number
of deaths per 1000 persons is called death rate. Birth Rate: The
number of live births per 1000 persons is called birth rate.
(iii) Migration within the country is called internal migration, while that
between two countries is called international migration. Internal
migration has no change on population size but it changes the
population composition of a particular area. International migration
can lead to a growth or degrowth in population; depending on the
degree of immigration and emigration.

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G D GOENKA PUBLIC SCHOOL, SECTOR-22 ROHINI

People are themselves resources with varying qualities.

(ii) A large proportion of children in a population is a result of

(iii) The magnitude of population growth refers to:-

(iv) According to the Census 2001, a “literate” person is one who………

Q2: Answer the following questions briefly.

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