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Solve The Following Questions With The Relevant Answer.: Case Study

The document contains two case studies: 1) Developing the transformation for finding the reflection point of a line. The reflection point formula is derived in matrix form. 2) Explaining image segmentation using segments. Segments allow subdivision, scaling, rotation of images. Functions like segment creation, closing, deleting and renaming are described.

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SaurabhChaudhary
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316 views

Solve The Following Questions With The Relevant Answer.: Case Study

The document contains two case studies: 1) Developing the transformation for finding the reflection point of a line. The reflection point formula is derived in matrix form. 2) Explaining image segmentation using segments. Segments allow subdivision, scaling, rotation of images. Functions like segment creation, closing, deleting and renaming are described.

Uploaded by

SaurabhChaudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Case Study

Solve the following questions with the relevant answer.

Q1. Develop the transformation for finding the reflection point w.r.t. the line ax+by+c=0

For ax+by+c=0 the vector direction (a,b) is perp to the line


The reflection of a given pt (X,Y) lies along the line (x,y) = (X,Y)+λ(a,b)
This intersects ax+by+c=0 when a(X+λa)+b(Y+λb)+c=0 → λ = −(aX+bY+c)/(a²+b²)
So reflection is at pt 2λ i.e. (X’,Y’) = (X,Y)+2λ(a,b) = (X,Y) – 2(aX+bY+c)(a,b)/(a²+b²)
X’ = (1−2a²/(a²+b²))X – (2ab/(a²+b²))Y – 2ac/(a²+b²)
Y’ = (−2ab/(a²+b²))X + (1−2b²/(a²+b²))Y – 2bc/(a²+b²)
In matrix form this is <X’,Y’> = (I−2nnᵀ/(nᵀn))<X,Y> − 2cn/(nᵀn) where n=<a,b>

Explain with examples the operation of segments.

To view an entire image or a part of an image with various attributes, we need to


organize image information in a particular manner since the existing structure of display
file does not satisfy our requirements of viewing an image. To achieve this display, the
file is divided into Segments. Each segment corresponds to a component and is
associated with a set of attributes and image transformation parameters like scaling,
rotation. Presence of Segment allows :

• Subdivision of picture.
• Visualization of a particular part of the picture.
• Scaling, rotation and translation of picture.

Functions for Segmenting the display :

Segment Creation: Segment must be created or opened when no other segment is


open since two segments can’t be opened at the same time because it’s difficult to
assign drawing instruction to a particular segment. The segment created must be given
a name to identify it which must be a valid one and there should be no segment with the
same name. After this, we initialize items in segment table under our segment name and
the first instruction of this segment is allocated at next free storage in display file and
attributes of segments are initialized to default.
Closing a Segment: After completing entry of all display file instructions, the segment
needs to be closed for which it has to be renamed, which is done by changing the name
of a currently open segment as 0. Now the segment with name 0 is open i.e. unnamed
segment is open and if two unnamed segments are present in display file one needs to
be deleted.
Deleting a Segment: To delete a particular segment from display file, we must just
delete that one segment without destroying or reforming the entire display and recover
space occupied by this segment. Use this space for some other segment. The method to
achieve this depends upon the data structure used to represent a display file. In the
case of arrays, the gap left by the deleted segment is filled by shifting up all the
segments following it.
Renaming a Segment: This is done to achieve Double Buffering i.e. the idea of storing
two images, one to show and other to create, alter and for animation.

Advantages of using segmented display :

• Segmentation allows to organize display files in sub-picture structure.


• It allows to apply different set of attributes to different portions of image.
• It makes it easier to the picture by changing/replacing segments.
• It allows application of transformation on selective portions of image.

The pyramid is defined by the coordinates A(0,0,0), B(1,0,0),C(0,1,0) and D(0,0,1) is


rotated 90 degrees about the line L that has direction vector V= i +j +k and passing
through the origin. Find the co-ordinates of rotated figure.

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