Quality Gurus and their Key Contributions

by FOCUS | 

Philip Crosby:

PHILIP CROSBY BIOGRAPHY
Philip Bayard “Phil” Crosby (June 18, 1926 – August 18, 2001) was a businessman
and author who contributed to management theory and quality management practices.
His birthplace was in Wheeling, West Virginia, United States. His father induced him to
study pediatrics, although he never graduated. To make some money, Crosby starts
working in a manufacturing plant. As he was gaining experience, he learned how to
create methods to prevent problems in the factory. In 1952, he obtained a position as a
technician at the Crosley Corporation in Richmond, Indiana.
Crosby was a great driver of business and its development in North America. His
life ended on August 18, 2001, while he was with his family in Asheville, North Carolina,
United States. Crosby died due to a respiratory failure.
https://history-biography.com/philip-b-crosby/
 The Four Absolutes of Quality Management:
  Quality is conformance to requirements
 Quality prevention is preferable to quality inspection
 Zero defects is the quality performance standard
 Quality is measured in monetary terms – the price of non-conformance
14 Steps to Quality Improvement:
1. Management is committed to quality – and this is clear to all
2. Create quality improvement teams – with (senior) representatives from all
departments.
3. Measure processes to determine current and potential quality issues.
4. Calculate the cost of (poor) quality
5. Raise quality awareness of all employees
6. Take action to correct quality issues
7. Monitor progress of quality improvement – establish a zero defects committee.
8. Train employees in quality improvement
9. Hold “zero defects” days
10. Encourage employees to create their own quality improvement goals
11. Encourage employee communication with management about obstacles to
quality
12. Recognize participants’ effort
13. Create quality councils
14. Do it all over again – quality improvement does not end.
 https://www.focusstandards.org/quality-gurus-key-contributions/

Dr. Edwards Deming

Edwards Deming was born on October 14, 1900 at Sioux City, lowa. He died on
December 20, 1993 (aged 93) in Washington, D.C.
He was an American engineer, statistician, professor, author, lecturer, and management
consultant. Educated initially as an electrical engineer and later specializing
in mathematical physics, he helped develop the sampling techniques still used by the
U.S. Department of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Edwards_Deming
Deming’s Fourteen Obligations of Top Management
1. Create constancy of purpose for improvement of product and service. Allocate
resources to provide for long range needs rather than only short term profitability
2. Adopt the new philosophy. We can no longer live with commonly accepted
levels of delays, mistakes, defective materials, and defective workmanship.
3. Cease dependency on mass inspection to achieve quality. Quality is achieved
by building quality into the product in the first place.
4. End the practice of awarding business on the basis of price tag alone. The
aim is to minimize total cost, not merely initial cost. Establish long term relationship with
suppliers to develop loyalty and trust.
5. Improve constantly and forever every process for planning, production, and
service. It is management’s job to work continually on improving total system.
6. Institute training on the job for all, including management, to make better use
of every employee. New skills are required to keep up with changes in products and
processes.
7. Adopt and institute leadership aimed at helping people do a better job.
Management must ensure that immediate action taken on issues that are detrimental to
quality.
8. Drive out fear so that everybody may work effectively and more productively for
the company.
9. Break down barriers between departments and staff areas. Everyone must
work together to tackle problems that may be encountered with products or service.
10. Eliminate slogans and exhortations for the work force as they create
adversarial relationships. Also, bulk of the causes of low quality & productivity belong to
the system and lie beyond the power of the work force.
11. Eliminate arbitrary numerical targets for the workforce and management.
Substitute aids and helpful leadership in order to achieve continual improvement.
12. Remove barriers that rob people of pride of workmanship. This includes the
annual appraisal of performance and Management by Objective.
13. Encourage education. Institute a vigorous program of education and self-
improvement for everyone
14. Clearly define top management’s permanent commitment to ever improving
quality and productivity. Put everybody in the company to work to accomplish the
transformation. Support is not enough, action is required.
https://www.focusstandards.org/quality-gurus-key-contributions/

 Armand Feigenbaum

 Armand V. Feigenbaum; (6 April 1922, 10 November 2014) was an American quality

expert, businessman, and philanthropist who introduced the concept Total Quality
Control what eventually led to Total Quality Management.
Armand Feigenbaum was born in New York City. He started to work when he
approximately 12 years old at General Electric as a pre-college job. Armand
Feigenbaum was sixteen when he went to Union College in New York. He studied
engineering while he simultaneously worked at General Electric. Many other awards
and honors have been given to Armand Feigenbaum for his contributions to quality
control. His name is the today’s synonym for total quality control and total quality
management.
How to cite this article:
Zeeman, A. (2018). Armand Feigenbaum. Retrieved [insert date] from ToolsHero:
https://www.toolshero.com/toolsheroes/armand-feigenbaum/

 Developed Total Quality Control (TQC) philosophy

 Quote: “Quality is everybody’s job, but because it is everybody’s job, it can
become nobody’s job without the proper leadership and organization.”
Steps to quality:
 Quality leadership
 Modern quality technology
 Organizational commitment
https://www.focusstandards.org/quality-gurus-key-contributions/

Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa

Kaoru Ishikawa (1915 – 1989) was a Japanese professor, advisor and motivator with
respect to the innovative developments within the field of quality management. Kaoru
Ishikawa is best known for the development of the concept of the fishbone diagram,
which is also known as the “Ishikawa diagram“. This type of root cause analysis is still
 used in many organizations for making diagnoses or taking concrete actions in which
the root cause of the problem is identified.

Biography Kaoru Ishikawa

In 1939, Kaoru Ishikawa obtained his Master’s degree (MSc.) in applied chemistry from
the University of Tokyo. In 1960, Kaoru Ishikawa obtained his doctorate from the
University of Tokyo. He obtained a doctorate (Ph.D.) in mechanical engineering with his
doctoral thesis ‘Sampling of Coal’.
How to cite this article:
Van Vliet, V. (2013). Kaoru Ishikawa. Retrieved [insert date] from ToolsHero:
https://www.toolshero.com/toolsheroes/kaoru-ishikawa/

 Known as father of Japanese quality control effort

 Established concept of Company Wide Quality Control (CWQC) – participation
from the top to the bottom of an organization and from the start to the finish of the
product life cycle
 Started Quality Circles – bottom up approach – members from within the
department and solve problems on a continuous basis
 The fishbone diagram is also called Ishikawa diagram in his honor
 Introduced concept that the next process is your customer
https://www.focusstandards.org/quality-gurus-key-contributions/

Dr. Joseph Juran

Joseph Juran (1904 – 2008) was an evangelist in the area of quality and quality
management. Joseph Juran is also known for his further development of the Pareto
Analysis of the founder Vilfredo Pareto in the area of quality management.

Biography Joseph Juran

In 1924 Joseph Juran obtained his Bachelor’s degree (BSc.) in electrical engineering.
Soon after he joined Bell Telephone Laboratories where he first gained experience in
the area of quality and quality management. In 1935 Joseph Juran obtained a Master’s
degree in Law (LL.M.) but he never practised law in his career. Joseph Juran was active
as a consultant until the 1990s. He consulted for various American, Japanese and
Western European organizations such as Philips, Xerox, Volkswagen, Toyota and many
more. 
 Joseph Juran was also the founder of the Juran Institute and the Juran Foundation. He
died of a stroke at the age of 103.
How to cite this article:
Van Vliet, V. (2012). Joseph Juran. Retrieved [insert date] from ToolsHero:
https://www.toolshero.com/toolsheroes/joseph-juran/

Juran’s Quality Trilogy (compared to financial management):

 Quality planning (financial budgeting) – create process that will enable one to
meet the desired goals
 Quality control (cost control) – monitor and adjust the process
 Quality improvement (profit improvement) – move the process to a better and
improved state of control through projects.

Key points of Juran’s approach to quality improvement:

 Create awareness of the need for quality improvement
 Make quality improvement everyone’s job
 Create infrastructure for quality improvement
 Train the organization in quality improvement techniques
 Review progress towards quality improvement regularly
 Recognize winning teams
 Institutionalize quality improvement by including quality
 Concentration on both external and internal customers
https://www.focusstandards.org/quality-gurus-key-contributions/

Dr. Walter Shewhart

WALTER A. SHEWHART BIOGRAPHY
Walter Andrew Shewhart (March 18, 1891 – March 11, 1967) was an American
physicist, engineer, and statistician, sometimes known as the father of statistical
quality control and also related to the Shewhart cycle. He was born in New Canton,
Illinois, United States. His father was Anton Shewhart and his mother Barney Shewhart.
It was not easy to enter higher education for Walter. Anyway, with his passion for
studying, he managed to acquire a great knowledge of science. This impetus was the
key to enter the University of Illinois, and surprisingly, something that was not within his
plans, he received his doctorate in physics at the University of California at Berkeley in
1917. Shewhart’s proposal in the field of statistics was a resounding innovation because
he endowed this science with a strong operational vision. Shewhart based his works on
the writings of the pragmatic philosopher Clarence Irving Lewis. Also, the book Mind
and the World Order by Lewis was very important in his training and intellectual
development.
 Shewhart passed away in Troy Hills, New Jersey, on March 11, 1967.

https://history-biography.com/walter-a-shewhart/

  Shewhart’s control charts are widely used to monitor processes. Problems are
framed in terms of special cause (assignable cause) and common cause (chance-
cause).
 The Shewhart Cycle – PDCA Problem Solving Process:
 Plan – what changes are desirable? What data is needed?
 Do – carry out the change or test decided upon
 Check – observe the effects of the change or the test
 Act – what we learned from the change should lead to improvement or activity
 Referred to as the “Father of Statistical Quality Control”
https://www.focusstandards.org/quality-gurus-key-contributions/

Dr. Genichi Taguchi

Genichi Taguchi (1 January 1924 – 2 June 2012) was a statistician and engineer who
is best known for his quality control methods that improve quality and reduce costs. He
created the Taguchi methods which are statistical methods to improve the quality of
manufactured goods. These include loss functions, both off-line and online quality
control, and design of experiments.

Biography Genichi Taguchi

Genichi Taguchi was born in Takamachi in Japan. The city is known for its clothing
industry, and for this reason, it was foreseeable that Genichi Taguchi would enter this
industry.

However, he later was more interested in studying statistics instead of textile

engineering. His interest in statistics resulted in statistical analysis skills that were
honored by the teachers at the university.

Genichi Taguchi was honored many times and received various recognitions such as
the Indigo Ribbon in 1986. It was an award given by the Emperor of Japan which he
received for his contribution to the Japanese economics and industry. He additionally
received the Willard F. Rockwell Medal by the International Technology Institute for his
achievements with combining engineering and statistical methods.
 He distinguishes his method with those of others by putting the emphasis on the design
phase in the manufacturing process rather than achieving quality through inspection.
While some industries continue to work under traditional methods, many other have
widely adapted to the Genichi Taguchi’s methodology. His view on quality has
influenced today’s quality approaches.
https://www.toolshero.com/toolsheroes/genichi-taguchi/

 The lack of quality should be measured as function of deviation from the nominal
value of the quality characteristic. Thus, quality is best achieved by minimizing the
deviation from target (minimizing variation).
 Quality should be designed into the product and not inspected into it. The product
should be so designed that it is immune to causes of variation.
Taguchi recommends a three-stage design process:
System Design (Stage 1):
 development of a basic functional prototype design
 determination of materials, parts and assembly system
 determination of the manufacturing process involved
Parameter Design (Stage 2):
 selecting the nominals of the system by running statistically planned experiments
(DFSS/DOE)
Tolerance Design (Stage 3):
 deals with tightening tolerances and upgrading materials
 
By KushShah
GM Fellow & Sr. Mgr. – Operational Excellence|ASQ Fellow|SSMBB|Red X Master|
DFSSBB|ASQ-CMQ/OE|CSSBB|CQE|CQA|CBA|
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/quality-gurus-key-contributions-kush-shah
 QUALITY GURUS

Submitted To:
ABRAHAM ACCAD

Submitted By:
JASON WAWA