Indian R&D Ecosystem

Evalueserve Business Research
R&D Ecosystem in India
CONTENTS
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4.4.4 Department of Space (DoS)

4.4.5 Department of Biotechnology (DBT)
2 OVERVIEW OF R&D IN INDIA 4.4.6 Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)
2.1 R&D INVESTMENTS IN INDIA 4.4.7 Other Ancillary Research Departments
2.1.1Technology Commercialisation 4.5 INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS
2.2 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN INDIA 4.5.1 Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
2.2.1Patenting Activities 4.5.2 Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI)
2.2.2 IP Protection 4.5.3 Federation of Asian Biotech Associations (FABA)
2.2.3 IPR issues 4.5.4 Association of Biotechnology Led Enterprises (ABLE)
2.2.4 Future Plans to Promote IPR 4.5.5 National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM)
2.3 FISCAL INCENTIVES 4.5.6 Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM)
2.4 GOVERNMENT PLANS TO PROMOTE R&D 4.6 STANDARDS
2.4.1 Academic Infrastructure 4.6.1 University Grants Commission (UGC)
2.4.2 Promotion of Entrepreneurial Ventures by Scientists 4.6.2 All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
2.4.3 Promoting Mega Science Projects 4.6.3 Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
2.4.4 Science and Technology for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
2.4.5 Industry Academia Linkages 5 R&D ACTIVITIES WITHIN INDIAN COMPANIES
2.4.6 Public Private Partnership (PPP) 5.1 LEADING INDIAN INVESTORS IN R&D
5.2 LEADING INDIAN PATENT APPLICANTS
3 INDIAN INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM 5.3 TYPICAL AREAS OF RESEARCH
5.3.1 R&D Scenario in Pharmaceuticals Sector
4 R&D SUPPORT MECHANISM 5.3.2 R&D Scenario in IT Sector
4.1 SUPPORTING INFRASTRUCTURE 5.3.3 R&D Scenario in Automotive Sector
4.1.1 Business Incubators 5.3.4 R&D Scenario in Energy and Chemicals Sector
4.1.2 Technology/Science Parks 5.3.5 R&D Scenario in the Consumer Goods Sector
4.1.3 Special Economic Zones (SEZs) 5.3.6 R&D Scenario in the Telecom Sector
4.2 FUNDING INSTITUTIONS 5.3.7 R&D Scenario in the Engineering Sector
4.2.1 Venture Capital Associations/Angel Funding
4.2.2 Banking Institutions 6 APPENDIX
4.2.3 Indian Angel Network 6.1 IITS BILATERAL COLLABORATIONS AND INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER PLAYERS
4.3 ACADEMIC RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS 6.2 IITS FUNDING MECHANISM
4.3.1 Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) 6.3 LIST OF AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTIONS UNDER DST
4.3.2 Indian Institute of Science (IISc) 6.4 LIST OF AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTIONS UNDER DBT
4.3.3 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) 6.5 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE REPORT
4.3.4 National Institutes of Technology (NITs) 6.6 URLS OF SOURCES
4.3.5 Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani
4.3.6 Indian Institute of Management (IIM) 7 EVALUESERVE DISCLAIMER
4.4 GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS/AGENCIES
4.4.1 Department of Science and Technology (DST)
4.4.2 Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)
4.4.3 Department of Scientific & Industrial Research (DSIR)
© 2001, Evalueserve. All Rights Reserved
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Driven by rural outputs and low-income, India is the fourth largest economy in the world. The Formal
sectors employ 11 percent of the total workforce, with the rest being occupied in the informal sector, and
the bulk of self-employment existing in low-productivity subsistence agriculture and services sectors. Since
average enterprise productivity in formal sectors is 23 times higher than in agriculture, India can leverage
the potential in more productive industry segments by strengthening and expanding the support system for
technology at the cluster level.
India's strength lies in its dynamic population, more than half of which is under 25 years of age. Although
only 17 percent of people in their mid-20s and older have a secondary education, more aggressive
education campaigns can help solve this problem.
Leveraging and improving its innovation potential will help India to sustain growth and reduce
poverty.
The growth in R&D, in India, has been led by the increasing demand for low-cost products supported by
rising income levels. This has been limited to a small segment of the economy, though there have been
innovations in both the formal and informal sectors. In the 11th Five Year Plan, the government of India has
envisaged to increase the country's R&D spends from less than 1 percent to 2 percent by 2012. This move
will put India in league with the developed countries that spend 2.5 percent of their GDP on R&D on an
average.
A favourable innovation environment includes policies, institutions and capabilities that impact the
creation and absorption of knowledge with the enterprises at the centre. Most of these entities exist in
India; however, putting them all together in a coherent whole will further boost innovation in the country.
The private-sector R&D intensity has marginally increased from 0.07 percent in 1991 to 0.53 percent in
2004, and the public R&D infrastructure has also been focussed only towards developing technologies
supporting small industries and large enterprises in key sectors and defence. This trend points to a need for
improving the effectiveness of the innovation system.
Introducing incentives, which will increase the enterprise-level competition, enhance

entrepreneurship and strengthen the socio-cultural norms for innovation, will benefit Indian
R&D.
The R&D system is fragmented with a large number of government structures, organisations and Further, early-stage financing needs to be increased to change the preference of venture capitalists to
programmes existing in India. The innovation networks in the country will benefit by more efficient later-stage funding and the IT/ITES sector. VCs look to maximise the returns of the investors and thus
conversion of their work into commercial applications. The Indian government has been proactive in prefer to invest in companies that have strong business models and proven technologies. Government-
formulating a number of support programmes, acknowledging the importance of R&D; however, addressing supported venture capitalists such as SIDBI, Gujarat Venture Finance and Andhra Pradesh Development
factors such as bureaucratic-and risk-averse nature of the government institutions and encouraging the Corporation remain the only players funding small investments. However, the four-fold increase in the total
private sector to get more involved will lead to its seamless alignment with the needs of the economy. number of VC deals, from 71 in 2004 to 298 in 2006, indicates the changing scenario.
More aggressive efforts to create and commercialise knowledge, in addition to ensuring a wider spread of
There is enormous scope for further exploitation of potential synergies across programmes within different existing domestic and global knowledge pool, and encouraging small enterprises to make best use of this
departments/ministries. Regular and independent evaluations of the programmes benchmarked against knowledge by adhering to the national best practices, will help India to significantly improve its innovation
similar international programmes will help in the optimum utilisation of resources. The various reforms effectiveness.
needed in the Indian innovation ecosystem include upgrading the research capabilities of universities,
providing incentives to independent researchers to commercialise research and enabling the private sector There is an increasing demand for quality scientists and engineers to cater to the increasing
to work in close co-ordination with the government S&T institutions. Selection of strategic pilots based on R&D and innovations need in India. Redesigning the education system, so as to make R&D an
scalability and application for future societal needs will be the ideal approach to meet these needs. attractive career option, will help in getting quality talent.
MNCs that account for most of the private sector research are attracting a large part of the talent pool in The country will also benefit by focussing on drawing maximum gain by applying existing technologies at
their global operations. This is diverting talent away from the India-specific needs, raising the cost of new locations and product areas through 'knowledge diffusion and absorption' rather than 'knowledge
talent for the government, universities and domestic R&D firms. The opportunity lies in providing an creation and commercialisation'. There is further potential to be leveraged by focussing on inclusive
encouraging platform for global firms to partner with Indian companies in their R&D and commercial innovation, which will help promote the bottom of the pyramid by developing low-cost goods and services
efforts, further development of technology parks and knowledge incubators, creating patent-management to create income-earning opportunities for the lower strata of the society.
corporations and improving the intellectual property regime are some measures that will not only retain the
talent pool in the country, but also take the R&D ecosystem in India to newer heights.
Currently, the R&D institutes focus primarily on developing science with low focus on its commercial
application. Hence, the revenues generated by R&D institutions through commercialisation and technology-
transfer activities are low. It is, however, important to have a strong association between industry
professionals and researchers to develop products that benefit the society and are commercially viable.
Many programmes such as Foundation for Innovation and Technology Transfer (FITT), Industrial Research &
Consultancy Centre (IRCC) and Sponsored Research and Industrial Consultancy (SRIC) have been
proactively adopted by top academic institutes, which aim at bringing industry and academia together and
generate revenues from technology transfer and commercialisation.
India will benefit with more early-stage funding by VCs and by increasing the finance allocated
for technology absorption by medium and small enterprises.
2 OVERVIEW OF R&D IN INDIA
Innovation requires synergising the energies of private enterprises, research institutes, think tanks, and The Indian space sector received the largest chunk of the current year's funds (about INR 40.74 billion),
government and private educational institutions. Currently, India not only provides a low-cost structure and showing an increase of 23 percent over the previous year. The budget focussed on attracting students to
massive pool of skilled human resources, but also offers cutting-edge R&D with high quality standards at build careers in science and technology, with the establishment of new technology institutes and increased
competitive costs. After being recognised for its achievements in the IT and services sectors, India is funds for manned space missions. The government is also focusing on creating mechanisms to control
rapidly evolving as an innovator of high-tech products of global stature. climate changes in various areas including clean technology products, review of fuel emission and
efficiency regulations, solar energy, trading platforms for carbon emissions and building sustainable green
2.1 R&D INVESTMENTS IN INDIA cities.
Domestic R&D investment is crucial for innovation. As innovation in India is still in its nascent stage,
80 percent of the domestic R&D is undertaken by the public sector, while the remaining is In countries such as China and the US, the contribution of the public sector towards R&D is only 30 percent.
funded by private enterprises. The allocated science budget in India has increased at a CAGR of 12.3 In 2006, India's R&D spends stood at about 0.8 percent of GDP, as compared to China's 1.23 percent. R&D
percent between 2004 and 2008, to INR 242 billion. Figure 1 depicts the increase over the period 2004 - spending for other countries in 2006 is provided in Table 1.4
2008.
While the role of the government in supporting basic research, technology development and application
Table 1: R&D as a Percent of GDP5
should continue and be considerably enhanced, efforts need to be made to elicit support and financial
resources from the private sector. However, with more than 300 MNCs entering India in the past few years, COUNTRY R&D CONTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC SECTOR ( %) R&D AS A PERCENT OF GDP (2006)
the trend has started to shift towards increasing private R&D investments. This is evident from the fact
India 80 0.80
that private R&D investments in India increased from INR 38.9 billion in 2002 to INR 185.9 billion in 2004.
Japan 18 3.40
US 30 2.76
Germany 30 (2004) 2.50
Figure 1: India Science and Technology Budget (2004-08) Canada 35 1.94
UK 32 1.90
300 (government and higher education)
242 China 30 1.61
250 226
199
200 171 Source: Global R&D Report 2007 - Battelle; Financial Express 2008; Statistics Canada; UK Statistics; OECD
INR billion
152
150
In the 11th Five Year Plan, launched in 2007, R&D spending is estimated to reach 2 percent of the GDP by
100
2012.6
50
0 1
Source: Unleashing India's Innovation - 2007 The World Bank
2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2
Source: India Budget
3
Source: Financial Express 2008
4
Source : India Budget Source: Financial Express 2008
5
Source: Global R&D Report 2007 - Battelle
6
Source: Planning Commission Report S&T 2007
2.1.1 Technology Commercialisation7 Figure 2: Number of PE/VC deals in various stages (2004-2006)
The major role of R&D institutes is to develop the science behind the innovation as the research institutes
do not focus much on application. Converting the science into application and ultimately into the product 2004
120 104 2005
requires an entity that has strong commercial orientation. It is important to have an association between 100 2006
industry professionals and researchers as it can help in developing products that benefit the society.
80
57 61
PE/VC Deals
Revenues generated by R&D institutions through commercialisation and technology transfer activities are 59
60
very low. Government enterprises, such as NRDC, generate revenues about INR 80 million from technology 42
40 33
transfers. 19 19 24
18 22
13 16 11
20 5 8
3 2
Angel funding and venture capitalists also have an important role in the commercialisation process, as the 0
funding available for early stage companies/innovators is low in the country. The funding received from Early Stage Growth Stage Late Stage Private Investment Buyout Others
government bodies is inadequate and hence poses a need for angel funding/venture capitalists to extend in Private Equity
their support in various activities of commercialisation process. NRDC is a government enterprise that Source : TSJ Venture Intelligence
supports innovators through small angel funds. Venture capitalists look to maximise the returns of the
investors and thus prefer to invest in companies that have strong business models and proven
technologies. Private equity investment by stages is depicted in Figure 4, which clearly shows the
maximum number of deals matured in the late stages during 2006. The number of deals rose from just 33 in Figure 3: Sector-wise number of deals (2004-2006)
2005 to 104 in 2006.
2004
Venture capitalists have been biased towards the later stage funding and IT/ITES. As shown in Figure 5, 120
2005
IT/ITES attracted the maximum number of deals during 20042006. Moreover, international PE firms invest 101
2006
100
only big amounts to justify the transaction costs involved in the deals. Government supported venture 84
capitalists, such as SIDBI, Gujarat Venture Finance and Andhra Pradesh Development Corporation, remain 80
Number of Deals
the only players funding small investments. 61
60 50
42
40
27 27 28
24
16 18
20 9 11 11
6
0
IT/ITES Manufacturing Healthcare and BFSI Others
Life Sciences
Source: TSJ Venture Intelligence
7
Source: Evalueserve Primary Research
Early-stage financing can be increased by addressing the following issues on the supply side. The share of sectors in the number of patent applications filed for the year 2005-2006 is
· Lack of adequate expertise among venture capitalists provided in Figure 3.
· Difficulty in attracting experience professionals in early-stage fund management
· Inability to channelize domestic market liquidity into early stage funding
· Inadequate legal, regulatory and tax environment Figure 4: Number of Patent Applications Filed/Number of Patents Granted in India (2001-02 to 2007-08)
40,000
On the supply side, the following issues needs to be addressed. 35,000
· Lack of skill sets in sales, marketing and financial planning in Indian entrepreneurs 35,000
28,882
· The profitable/high ROI deals are limited in the Indian environment 30,000
24,505
25,000
Start-up companies/innovators lack a suitable platform to showcase their innovation and reach
20,000 17,466
international markets. Industry associations should come forward to encourage the innovators and provide 15,262
15,000 12,613
a platform to showcase innovations. NRDC runs a programmeInnovate Indiathat helps innovators in 10,592 11,466
meeting investors and also rewards outstanding inventors. 10,000 7,539

4,320
5,000 1,591 1,379 2,469 1,911
The Indus Entrepreneurs (TiE) is involved in promoting entrepreneurship and has been very active in helping 0
entrepreneurs/innovators and funding institutes to find each other. TiE has a strong network of 49 chapters 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08
in 11 countries, with a strong network of experienced, as well as budding entrepreneurs, venture capital
No. of Patent Applications Filed No. of Patents Granted
firms, angel investors and service providers.
Source: Intellectual Property India; Press Information Bureau
2.2 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN INDIA
The Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry is There has been a significant increase in the number of patent applications filed in the IT/electronics and
responsible for IPR in India through Office of the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks. biotechnology fields in recent years, primarily due to intensive R&D activities initiated in these sectors.
There are four IP offices located at Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. The department facilitates online Additionally, the government's initiatives to strengthen IPR have also led to the growth in the number of
filing of patents and trademark applications. The Indian patent offices have been granted the status of patent applications filed in India. Table 2 provides the number of patent applications filed from 2001 to
International Search Authority (ISA) and International Preliminary Examination Authority (IPEA) by World 2006.
Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO).
The patent offices are trying to cope with the increasing number of applications filed each year. Due to
2.2.1 Patenting Activities limited resources in India, it takes about two years to examine the patents. In 2007-08 (up to December
The total number of patents filed in India has been significantly increasing, indicating an environment 2007), out of 30,000 patent applications received, 10,000 applications were still pending to be examined. In
conducive for innovation in the country. After India became Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights India, the number of patents examined per examiner is 100120, as compared to 5080 in the US and 3040 in
(TRIPS) compliant in 2005, the number of patent applications filed increased from 10,592 in 2001–02 to Germany.9
24,505 in 2005–06, registering a CAGR of 23.3 percent. Figure 2 depicts the number of patent applications
filed and granted from 2001–02 to 2007–08. 8
Table 2 : Sement-wise Number of Patent Applications Filed in India from 2001 to 2006
SECTOR 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06

Chemical 778 776 2952 3916 5810
Drug 879 966 2525 2316 2211
Food 110 119 123 190 101
Electrical 731 690 2125 1079 1274
Mechanical 1174 1257 2717 3304 4734
Computer/Electronics NA NA NA 2787 5700
Biotechnology 2 46 23 1214 1525
General 569 562 2148 2659 3150
Source: Intellectual Property India 2006
Figure 5 : Share of Sectors in the Total Patent Applications Filed in 2005-06 (in Percent)
Drugs 9% Food 1%
Chemical 24% Electrical 5%
Mechanical 19%
General 13%
Computer/Electronics
Biotechnology 6% 23%
Source: Intellectual Property India

2.2.2 IP Protection Table 3: Patents Applications Filed and Applications Examined

The protection of IP is vital for competitiveness of the Indian R&D institutes as it is a strategic tool for
SECTOR 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
wealth creation. Commercialisation of the innovation for societal benefits is also a significant issue.
Patent Applications Filed 10,592 11,466 12,613 17,466 24,415 28,882
Though the IP situation in India has improved over the years, it still faces inadequacy issues related to IP
Applications Examined 5,104 9,538 10,709 14,813 11,569 14,119
protection and enforcement.
The agreement on TRIPs is administered by WTO, which sets minimum standards of compliance for its To cater to the growing demand of trained employees, the government established the National Institute of
members. India was allowed a transition period of ten years until January 1, 2005, in order to provide for Intellectual Property Management at Nagpur, in 2007, with an investment of approximately INR 268 million
protection of product patents. The Patents Act, 1970 has undergone three amendments in the years 1999, (USD 6.25 million). The institute is expected to fulfil the IP training, education and research needs.
2002 and 2005.
Longer Time to Patenting
The 2005 amendment had major implications on the introduction of product patent protection for food, The time to patenting is still a major issue in the Indian scenario, as compared to the western countries.
pharmaceuticals and chemical inventions. It also allowed foreign exporters to be only 'duly authorised Although the patenting time has reduced from 610 years to 23 years, it still requires to be reduced further.
under the law' as against the second amendment that required foreign exporters to be 'authorised by the
patentee to sell and distribute'. The change implies that generic products can be sold without the consent Low Awareness to protect IP
of the patent holder. The Amendment Act further allows pre-grant opposition of a patent application, Awareness among researchers, facility of patenting and funding are relatively low in India. Researchers
implying that any person opposing the patent can even prevent the grant of a genuine patent.10 and scientists should strive for increased funding for R&D in cutting edge technologies. Further,
researchers should identify new IP early and seek adequate means to protect it.
Several organisations in India are working towards ensuring IP protection. CII collaborated with Technology
Information Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC) to form an autonomous body called Andhra Certain organisations are very active in building the awareness among researchers, students and R&D
Pradesh Technology Development and Promotion Centre (APTDC) in Hyderabad, which helps SMEs in institutes through programmes, workshops and seminars. The National Research Development Corporation
technology and IP issues. APTDC has been serving the industry regarding IPR issues including companies (NRDC) is a government enterprise working towards increasing awareness among researchers. It organises
such as Motorola and Jackson Healthcare. Various services offered by CII-APTDC include patentability seminars and workshops not only in tier I cities, but also in tier II and tier III cities.
assessment report, prior art analysis, intellectual property protection, IPR counselling and advisory
services. It has also been organising IPR enforcement seminars and workshops, which attract large
audiences.
2.2.3 IPR issues11

Lack of Trained Patent Examiners
Currently, India faces an acute shortage of trained patent examiners. The skill sets of the patent examiners
need to be honed to cater to the growing number of patent applications in the country. There is a big
differential in the number of patent applications filed and number of applications examined. Table 3
illustrates the difference between the number of patents filed and examined. 9
Source: Livemint 2008
10
Source: Hindu Business Line 2005
11
Source: Evalueserve Primary Research
2.2.4 Future Plans to Promote IPR The salient features of the bill are:
In view of the concerns of international players in pharmacy, food and IT sectors, the Indian government · The bill aims at increasing industry-academia collaboration by giving right to the universities and
plans to upgrade its existing IP implementation mechanism. It has launched an INR 3 billion awareness research institutions to patent the inventions that result from government-funded research. However,
programme on IPR, which will educate law enforcement agencies, scientists, companies, ministries and if they fail to do so within a reasonable period of time, the option to license it passes on to the
general public on IPR issues. The Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) also plans to set up government funding agency.
a trademark registry office in Ahmedabad.12 · In contrast with the US counterpart, the Indian version promises at least 30 percent of the royalty to
the inventors, though it empowers the university's technology transfer office (TTO), rather than the
Universities are also actively coming forward increasing IP awareness and facilitating researchers inventor to choose how their invention can be used.
regarding IP. Recently in September 2008, Delhi University has setup an IPR Cell and a Patent Fund to · The bill does not give room for nonexclusive licensing, particularly for platform technologies. This could
facilitate researchers, inventors and creators in managing their IPR. The cell plans to include practicing adversely affect its economic impact, as non-exclusive licensing permits a number of organisations to
lawyers and law firms dealing with IPR issues as members. The initial finding of the cell is approximately conduct follow-on research on an invention, thereby opening new avenues and finding new
INR 2 million.13 applications, leading to an overall success.
The government also plans to digitise patents and make them accessible to the public. DIPP expects the
data to be publicly available online by January 2009.14
India is planning to introduce a new legislation similar to the Bayh-dole Act of the US. It allows
universities and their faculty members to license discoveries made through research funded by government
agencies. The implementation of this Act in India will emphasise on education opportunities in science,
technology, engineering and mathematics, and also help R&D institutions and scientists to own the
intellectual property they create, thus encouraging them to innovate.15
Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) has drafted the Indianised version of the
Bayh-dole Act by the name of 'Public Funded Research and Development (Protection, Utilisation and
Regulation of Intellectual Property) Bill, 2007'.16
12
Source: Business Standard 2008
13
Source: India Education News 2008
14
Source: Business Line 2008
15
Source: Zee News 2007
16
Source: SciDev.Net
2.3 FISCAL INCENTIVES

The government promotes and encourages institutes/organisations to conduct R&D activities and offers various tax benefits and incentives as listed in Table 4.
Table 4:Incentives offered for R&D
Incentives based on ·100 percent write off of revenue expenditure on R&D
Direct Taxes ·100 percent write off of capital expenditure on R&D in the year the expenditure is incurred
·Weighted tax deduction at the rate of 125 percent for sponsored research programmes in approved national laboratories, Universities and IITs, available to the sponsor
·Weighted tax deduction at the rate of 125 percent (raised to 150 percent by the Finance Act 2000) on R&D expenditure for biotechnology companies and companies involved in manufacturing
drugs, pharmaceuticals, electronic equipment, computers, telecommunication equipment and chemicals, aircrafts and helicopters, automobiles including automobile components in
government-approved in-house R&D centres; expenditure on scientific research in relation to drugs and pharmaceuticals includes expenditure incurred on clinical drug trials, obtaining
approvals from any regulatory authority under any Central, State or Provincial Act and filing an application for a patent under the Patents Act, 1970.
·Income tax exemption at the rate of 125 percent to donations made to approved non-commercial scientific and industrial research organisations
·Accelerated depreciation allowance for investment on plant and machinery, made on the basis of indigenous technology
·Customs duty exemption to public-funded R&D institutions and privately-funded scientific and industrial research organisations, both for capital equipment and consumables needed for R&D
·Excise duty exemption to public-funded R&D institutions and privately-funded scientific and industrial research organisations, both for capital equipment and consumables needed for R&D
·Excise duty waiver for three years on goods designed and developed by a wholly-owned Indian company and patented in any two countries out of Indiathe US, Japan and any one country of
European Union
·Exemption from customs duty on imports made for R&D projects funded by the government in industry
·Pharmaceutical reference standards allowed to be imported duty free
·Goods specified in List-28 (comprising of analytical and specialty equipment) used in pharmaceutical and biotechnology sector are allowed to be imported duty free provided.
Incentives based on ·The goods are imported for R&D purposes by an importer registered with DSIR for installation in the R&D wing of the importer within six months of the date of import on submission of a
Indirect Taxes certificate from the jurisdictional assistant commissioner of central excise or the Deputy commissioner of central excise to the assistant commissioner of customs at the port of importation.
The goods imported should not be transferred or sold for a period of seven years from the date of installation.
·The goods are imported for use in the manufacture of commodities and the total value of goods imported does not exceed 25 percent of the FOB (free on board) value of exports made during
the preceding financial year and installation in the factory of the importer within six months of the date of import on submission of a certificate from the jurisdictional Assistant Commissioner
Of Central Excise or the Deputy Commissioner of Central Excise to the Assistant Commissioner of Customs or Deputy Commissioner of Customs at the port of importation.
·The goods imported should not be transferred or sold for a period of seven years from the date of installation.
Other Incentives
·Exemption from Price Control of Drugs (Price Control) Order for Drugs, which have been developed indigenously or produced through a process, developed through indigenous R&D, subject to
DSIR certification of the technology.
During the 2008 budget, the benefit given for outsourced research has not been put on par with the 150 percent weighted deduction given to in-house research. This will have an impact on the research status as the
pharmaceutical companies can not conduct everything in-house, and have to outsource some of their research, clinical trials and toxic studies done on animals to third-parties. Further, there was no clear direction on research,
with the 100 percent income-tax exemption for research ending in April 1, 2007.
Source: DSIR 2007
2.4 GOVERNMENT PLANS TO PROMOTE R&D 18 15-year Career Support Programme

2.4.1 Academic Infrastructure This programme has been designed to attract meritorious students to opt for careers in R&D post their
The planning commission of India has put forward a plan to set up more institutes of higher learning in the higher secondary education. It includes scholarships and stipends during the course of study (Class XII to
country. The proposal advocates the establishment of the following institutes: MSc/PhD) and assured employment opportunity. The programme has been divided into the following three
· Eight new IITs (three have received clearance) phases of five years each:
· Five Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (three have been approved) · Phase 1: In the initial phase, the programme aims to support students under Kishore Vaigyanik
· 20 National Institute of Technology (NITs) Protsahan Yojana (KVPY), a programme to encourage young scientists, scholars, medal winners in
· 20 International Institute of Information Technology (IIITs) science Olympiads, top rankers in IITJEE examination. The number of such scholarships is 1,500 and
· Seven new Indian Institute of Management (IIMs) they would be granted to students opting for a career in the science stream post class XII.
· Two schools of planning and architecture · Phase 2: The second phase extends from graduation to doctoral research with emoluments (at the end
· About 50 new centres for training and research in advanced technologies of PhD) equivalent to salary/allowances of the first job. Approximately 500 deserving students from
phase 1 are eligible for this phase.
The estimated cost of implementation of this seven-year programme is INR 1,310 billion. · Phase 3: About 200 candidates completing Phase 2 successfully will be given an opportunity to conduct
The government also plans to upgrade existing technical institutes and universities in various parts of the research in their area of interest at a remuneration equivalent to an Indian Administrative Officer (IAS).
country. These include Bengal Engineering College (Howrah), Cochin University of Science and Technology,
Andhra University Engineering College (Vishakhapatnam), University Engineering College (Osmania 2.4.2 Promotion of Entrepreneurial Ventures by Scientists
University), Jadavpur University, Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Zakir Husain College of 2.4.2.1 Easy Movement of Scientists across Organisations
Engineering & Technology and Aligarh Muslim University. The plan also suggests restructuring and This implies the movement of a scientist (includes researchers and teaching faculty) from one institute to
reforming of the existing education system in India with respect to the admission process and curriculum, another or from one laboratory (academic or organisational) to another or from a government-run laboratory
and collaboration with foreign universities. to R&D organisations in the industrial sector. The proposed plan aims to provide sops and appropriate
compensation to scientists to motivate them to share their expertise across organisations. The relocation
The Steering Committee has also suggested plans to revitalise the structure and quality of science allowance and other benefits will also be provided to scientists to encourage this practice.
education in universities across the country. The report has recommended a funding of INR 2 billion (for
each of the 10 identified universities) to bring these universities at par with the universities around the 2.4.2.2 Entrepreneurial Ventures by Researchers/Faculty in Academic Institutions
world. The committee has also advocated a support of INR 750 million each to another 20 universities for In the current scenario, India has seen few scientists opting for commercialisation of their innovations,
upgrading their respective science departments for commencement of new integrated postgraduate even if they possess the business acumen to execute them. Visible reasons for this include the following:
science courses post class XII. · Commercialisation not considered a part of a scientist's duty and sometimes viewed as a distraction
from his/her work
Steps are also being taken to create high-quality research environment in and around universities. National · Non-availability of attractive profit-sharing mechanisms between laboratories and scientists
laboratories are encouraged to open centres of excellence in universities situated close to them. A recent · Lack of structured arrangements for a scientist to be the CEO of his technology venture, as well as hold
example is the DAE-Mumbai University Centre for Nuclear Physics Research. The University Grants his/her post in the research laboratory
Commission of India is also taking initiatives to promote inter-university facilities (IUCAA at Pune, Inter
University Accelerator Centre (IUAC) at New Delhi and UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research at
Indore) to foster research activities in universities.
·To counter this, the Steering Committee has proposed some points, which (if implemented) may lead to 2.4.3.2 National Radioactive Ion Beam Facility
a healthy entrepreneurial atmosphere in academic institutions on India. These include the following: Scientists and researchers from the Indian nuclear physics community have strongly recommended the
·Proper job security should be ensured to scientists willing to try their hands at commercialisation of setting up of a national radioactive ion beam (RIB) facility in the country. The facility will be useful for
any technology, in case of failure of venture. carrying out research in areas such as the study of explosive stellar events, nucleo-synthesis, structure of
·Every laboratory should have some funds at their disposal to help commercialise their respective exotic nuclei, limits of particle stability and synthesis of super-heavy nuclei. Variable Energy Cyclotron
ventures with ease. Also, there should be an agreement to financially compensate the scientist for Centre, Kolkata, has already started the development of a low-energy, highly sophisticated RIB facility. The
his/her efforts and keep him/her motivated. accelerator facility is expected to be designed and built through international collaboration with agencies
·The laboratory should ask for profits only after a stipulated time of incubation, so as to allow the having expertise in this domain. Discussions are in progress with RIKEN (Japan) and TRIUMF (Canada) for
venture to reach a stage at which it can sustain without much help. accelerator design and development, and nuclear physics experiments.
2.4.3 Promoting Mega Science Projects 2.4.3.3 Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR)
2.4.3.1India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) FAIR (Germany) is expected to be complete by 2011 and will serve as a major centre of research for
A large community of scientists in India has been advocating for an India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) scientists across universities globally. Indian researchers too are keen to utilise the high-tech facility and
to conduct advanced experiments in the field of neutrino physics. To cater to this research need, a neutrino conduct experiments relating to areas, such as nuclear structure physics, high-energy heavy ion collisions,
collaboration group was established to carry out a feasibility study for setting up such a facility. A detailed plasma physics, radiobiology and medical research. Major areas of research include the following:
report of this study was submitted to the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and other funding agencies · High-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions to study compressed baryonic matter
involved in this project. A brief overview of the objectives of this project is as under. · Nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics studies utilising rare isotope
· Plasma physics utilising short pulse heavy ion beams
!To construct a high-tech facility (an underground lab and a surface lab) for conducting front-ranking · Studies in atomic physics and applied research, including radiobiology using antiprotons and highly-
experiments in the field of neutrino physics charged heavy ion beams
!To build a 50 kilo tonne magnetised iron calorimeter (upgradable to 100 kilo tonnes at a later stage) for · Research in hadron physics including hyper nuclei with antiproton beams
studying atmospheric neutrinos
!To create a state-of-the-art centre with modern facilities, such as a workshop, an electronics lab, detector FAIR will also conduct research in the field of accelerator science and technology including the following:
fabrication and a testing bay ·Fast cycling superconducting magnets
· Large aperture super-ferric magnets
Post set up, INO is expected to serve as a nodal centre for various international research programmes, · Fast stochastic cooling for radioactive ions and antiprotons
high-energy physics (HEP) community and nuclear physics laboratories across the world. It would also · Generation of short (~50ns) and intense (1,012) ion pulses with terawatt beam power
facilitate training programmes for experimental physicists as well as promote a culture of conducting · Operation at very high intensity RIBs
experiments at any level (small or large scale). The collaboration group has suggested Pykara Ultimate
Stage Hydro Electric Project (PUSHEP) in Tamil Nadu as the preferred location for setting up an
underground laboratory.
2.4.3.4 International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) 2.4.4.2 Sectoral Profiles for SMEs
ITER is a joint international R&D project run by a group of member countries including the European Union The Steering Committee has recommended a financial aid of INR 500 million to prepare the sectoral
(EU), Japan, China, India, Korea, the Russian federation and the US. The ITER project aims to study fusion technology profiles of SMEs in India. These profiles will help in analysing and addressing the key
research. The objective of the project isharness the nuclear energy provided by the fusion of light atoms to technology needs of these companies.
help meet mankind's future energy needs.
2.4.4.3 Promoting Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for SMEs
While the construction cost for ITER is estimated to be INR 332 billion (EUR 5 billion) for a period of 10 The Ministry of Small Scale Industries is interacting with various SMEs to gauge their ICT needs and help
years, the operation cost for 20 years is estimated to be INR 332 billion (EUR 5 billion). In 2006, all member them increase their competitiveness through the use of the Internet and related communication
countries signed a joint agreement to establish the ITER organisation responsible for the activities of the technologies. The programme has an estimated budget of INR 1.6 billion with an additional funding of INR
project. The license for the construction work of ITER project is expected by 2008, with first plasma to be 1.4 billion through private partnership.
out by 2016. The exploitation phase is expected to last for about 20 years.
2.4.4.4 Promotion of SME-Academia Interaction for Innovation
India became a full-time member of ITER in 2005. The Institute for Plasma Research located at The government is encouraging engineering colleges across the country to collaborate with SMEs. The
Gandhinagar, Gujarat, contributes in designing, analysis and prototyping for the ITER project. The ITER collaboration will work towards the development of new technologies to help them increase productivity or
activities of the Institute of Plasma Research are named as ITERIndia. India will contribute 9 percent of the improvise processes for better quality output. DST/TIFAC has plans to initiate such interactions through a
total cost involved in the project for a period of 10 years. Of the total contribution, 90 percent is in the form pilot programme in coordination with the Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE) targeting colleges
of equipment, which will form about 10 percent of the total equipment in the ITER project. and polytechnics. The programme is expected to have a budget of INR 1.2 billion.
2.4.4 Science and Technology for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) 2.4.5 Industry Academia Linkages
Various programmes are currently running to extend support to SME's in India. Programmes such as 2.4.5.1 Incentives for Joint Research
Technopreneur Promotion Programme (TePP), targeted at individual innovators run by DSIR, should be To foster industry-academia interaction, a range of financial incentives have been proposed by the Steering
further promoted. The Small Business Innovation Research Initiative (SBIRI) scheme under DBT has been Committee. These include the following:
active in providing financial support to biotech companies/entrepreneurs for high risk, innovative products. · Provision of tax exemption (125 percent) for all the expenditures on projects jointly conducted by
In addition to schemes run under various ministries, the steering committee has outlined the following academia and the industry
measure to further promote technology for SMEs. · Zero service tax for all royalty based income generated out of commercialisation of a technology
transferred by an academic institution to the industry
2.4.4.1 Setting up of Business Incubators to Foster Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises
The Steering Committee has recommended setting up 170 technology business incubators and 50 The committee has also recommended institutes to create corpus funds through industry contributions and
technology innovation centres across India during the course of the 11th Five-year Plan. The committee has use them for creating 'faculty chairs' in institutions.
also put forward a proposal to increase the allocation of funds for promoting entrepreneurship in the
country.
2.4.5.2 Centres of Relevance and Excellence (CORE) Table 5:Investment Heads and Allocator
The Steering Committee has suggested using TIFAC CORE (under Mission REACH) as a model to build more INVESTMENT HEAD ALLOCATOR
centres that help develop technical manpower in the country. These centres (such as CORE) can be set up Civil Infrastructure Institute
in institutes to conduct research in selected areas of science and technology that have direct relevance to Recurring Expenses Institute and Industry
the industry. The centres provide HR and R&D solutions to the industry. Infrastructure costs incurred can be NonRecurring Expenses Institute, Industry and TIFAC
jointly shared by the government and the industry. About 60 percent of the total investment in the centres Asset Creation TIFAC and Industry
is made by industry and the institute. Investment heads and resource allocator are provided in Table 5. Operational cost of CORE Institute and Industry
TIFAC has established 21 such centres in the various disciplines listed in Table 6.
Table 6:TIFAC CORE
INSTITUE DISCIPLINE
Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi Optical Communication
Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai Diabetic Retinopathy
PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore Product Design, Optimisation and Collaborative Product C o m m er c e
JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund Herbal Drugs
Amrita University, Amritapuri Biotechnology
NIT Hamirpur, Hamirpur Power Transformer Diagnostics
Sastra University, Thanjavur Advance Computing and Information Processing
Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala Agro and Industrial Biotechnology
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore Automotive Electronics
Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh Clastic Petroleum Reservoir Engineering
MSR School of Advanced Studies,Bangalore Digital Image Processing
Sarvajanik College of Engineering & Technology, Surat Environmental Engineering
NITIE, Mumbai Ergonomics & Human Factors Engineering
Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur High Voltage & Power Systems Engineering
NIT Suratkal, Suratkal Industrial Biotechnology
Mepco-Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi Industrial Safety
MS University, Baroda New Drug Delivery Systems
AK College of Engineering, Srivilliputtur Network Engineering
Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Pharmacogenomics
Kumaraguru College of Engineering, Coimbatore Textile Technology & Machinery
Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai Wireless Technologies
CORE's benefits to industry include the following:

· Reduced induction period for new employees
· Cost effective training
· Facility and infrastructure can be shared at centres
· Industry can access the resource and expertise of other excellence centres
2.4.6 Public Private Partnership (PPP)

The government promotes and encourages public-private partnerships to conduct R&D activities. The skills
and assets of both the sectors are effectively utilised to deliver the services to the general public. To
further encourage PPP, the government proposed a grant of INR 12 billion in the 11th five-year plan for the
New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative (NMITLI)the largest PPP programme in India,
which is aimed at catalysing PPP in the Indian R&D scenario. DBT has set aside 30 percent of its total
budget for PPP programmes. Small Business Innovation Research Initiative (SBIRI) is one such scheme
launched by DBT to boost PPP in India. The scheme covers areas such as healthcare, agriculture, industrial
process, environment biotechnology and biomedical devices.
Global Innovation and Technology Alliance (GITA), promoted under PPP is partnership between DST and CII.
It is dedicated to strategise, promote and execute various programmes under the S&T cooperation. GITA
supports commercialisation of bilateral R&D projects and facilitating technology transfers. Currently, GITA
is managing bilateral S&T projects with Canada, Israel, ASEAN countries and Taiwan.
21
Source: Frost and Sullivan
3 INDIAN INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM
The innovation ecosystem is a system of interconnected stakeholders, such as academic institutions, firms, The R&D-and S&T-related ecosystem in India is complex and multi-layered. It consists of central
research institutions, venture capital firms, angel investors, national and local governments and the government agencies, autonomous bodies, universities, and private R&D and other ancillary departments.
entrepreneur, whose linkages enable efficient production, diffusion and use of new-and economically- The S&T deportments working with the central government's support include the following:
useful knowledge. The innovation ecosystem in India, as presented in Figure 6, is complex as the mere · Department of Space
presence of these stakeholders is not enough. It is more important that each of these stakeholders · Department of Biotechnology
mutually reinforce each other by playing their role simultaneously and efficiently, which requires · Department of Earth Sciences
coordination between the diverse factors in order to function effectively. · Department of Atomic Energy
· Department of Science and Technology
· Department of Science and Industrial Research
Figure 6 : Indian Innovation Ecosystem
Figure 7 depicts the R&D structure in India, including the central and other ancillary departments.
- Regulation - Demand for innovation
- Competition policy - Ability to absorb innovation
Firm
Figure 7 : Indian R&D Structure
Collaboration for Innovation
innovation Local and
Government Regulation Global Government of India
Creation of Competition Market
incentive for policy Principal Scientific
diaspora to - Technical expertise Advisor
contribute Diaspora - Investment
Local and
- Education policy Global R&D
- Norms for Labs Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of
Science and Communication Ministry of Commerce and
industry- academia Technology Defence Agriculture Industry
collaboration and IT
Finance / Venture
- Focus on skill Capital
development in the Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of
Local and Global Department of Health and Overseas Human DIPF
education system Universities, and Atomic Energy Family Welfare Indian Affairs Resource
the educational - Collaboration for innovation
System - Supplying intellectual capital
- Supplying skilled manpower Department of Department of Department of
DBT Space DIT Agricultural
Defence Research
and Development Research and
Department of Education University
Source : National Knowledge Commission Grants
DST Ocean
Development Commission
ICMR
DRDO ICAR IIT Council
DSIR
IIMs
CSIR
Source: Evalueserve Analysis

Other ancillary departments, such as IT, health, environment and agriculture research, also carry out R&D
initiatives in their respective areas. Further, independent research institutes, private sector players and
academic institutes work in sync with each other to better harness the R&D atmosphere. The government
has also been spending aggressively on R&D. The budget allocation for key departments has increased
over the years. Table 7 details the government spending on various departments/ministries.
Table 7: Budget Allocation for Various R&D Departments/Ministries

2008 Budget 2007 Budget 2006 Budget
Department/Ministry
(INR Billion) (INR Billion) (INR Billion)
Major Departments
Department of Atomic Energy 39.08 37.96 31.73
Department of Space 40.74 38.58 29.97
Department of Agriculture Research and Education 26.80 24.60 21.60
Department of Medicine 22.27* 15.20 13.41
Department of Science and Technology 17.80 17.75 11.77
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 20.78 19.02 15.50
Department of Biotechnology 9.19 6.94 5.34
Department of Chemical and Petrochemicals 3.47 2.57 1.69
Department of Information Technology 17.16 15.36 11.26
Department of Telecommunication 41.40 38.40 31.66
Major Ministries
Ministry of Civil Aviation 6.48 6.17 4.48
Ministry of Defence 23.70 20.46 18.99
Ministry of Earth Sciences 9.71 8.87 4.75
* The figure includes the budget for Department of Health Research and Department of Health and Family Welfare.
Source: Government of India Union Budget and Economic Survey
4 R&D SUPPORT MECHANISM
In Figure 8, Evalueserve has presented the R&D ecosystem in India Figure 8:R&D Ecosystem in India
highlighting support mechanisms for the commercialisation of research and
innovation.
The major R&D support mechanisms include the following. India R&D
Ecosystem
4.1 SUPPORTING INFRASTRUCTURE
The Government of India has endeavoured to provide infrastructural
support for R&D initiatives. It is currently focussing on public-private
Supporting Infrastructure Standards
partnerships models, such as knowledge parks and incubator programmes,
to promote the commercialisation, transfer and diffusion of technology. Business Incubators University Grants Commission
These partnerships provide the necessary environment for nurturing Technology/Science parks All India Council for Technical Education
entrepreneurial activity and assist in the start-up phase of an enterprise, in Special Economic Zones Bureau of Indian Standards
terms of mentoring, specialised support services and networking. The
infrastructural support is being provided through the following: Research Government Departments
Universities Department of Science and Technology
·Business Incubators
Government Funded Technical Institutes Ministry of Earth Sciences
·Technology Parks
Private Technical Institutes Department of Scientific & Industrial Research
·Special Economic Zones (SEZs)
Business Schools Department of Space
Government R&D Organizations Department of Biotechnology
Corporate Department of Atomic Energy
Other Ancillary Research Departments
Funding Institutions
Venture Capital Associations/Angel Funding
Banking Institutions
Indian Angel Network
Industry Associations Industry Associations
Confederation of Indian Industries Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India
Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry National Association of Software and Services Companies
Federation of Asian Biotech Association Association of Biotechnology Led Enterprises
Source : Evalueserve Analysis

INDIA R&DSupporting
ECOSYSTEMInfrastructure
Business Incubators
Technology/Science parks
Special Economic Zones

4.1.1 Business Incubators
A business incubator is a body that Incubators are primarily of two typesfor profit and non-profit. They can be further classified as academic/scientific incubators, private investment incubators and corporate incubators. Key
helps nurture start-up firms and activities undertaken by the incubators are as follows :
supports them in the process of · Commercialisation of business ideas - The incubating facility helps in commercialising business ideas, including activities such as understanding the supply/demand for the
commercialisation of an · product/technology, competitive landscaping and organisation structure. It also helps the firm in maximising the output from its limited resources.
idea/technology. · Funding - Incubators provide in-house funding, as well as help start-up firms in arranging funds from external sources, such as venture capitalists and concept financing agencies.
· Funds are also sourced from ongoing schemes of the Government of India in various technology domains
· Technological support/safeguarding of IP rights - The body provides technological know-how through its network of contacts and helps carry out further research. Incubators also help
Business Incubator Details
in getting novel ideas patented and provide a legal cover against infringement by any other party. For instance, the technical research laboratories in IIT incubators offer hi-tech
List of Technology Business
facilities to delve into the details of various technologies
Incubators in India
· Foster entrepreneurship - Apart from providing funds and technical support, these agencies also help in imbibing the right spirit to sustain a new firm. This helps the company tackle
FICCI real-time business problems.
www.ficci.com
The technology business incubators (TBIs) provide a good platform for industry-academia interactions to help convert a potential research idea into a commercial success. However, in
L-RAMP IIT Madras order to make the TBIs more successful, it is imperative to improve the status of the faculty by providing performance-based incentives and facilitating involvement of industry executives
www.lramp.org in academics and by creating awareness about job avenues amongst the PhD holders.
IIT Delhi Technology Business The Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Parks (STEP) programme was initiated for active interaction between industry and academia. These are autonomous bodies registered
Incubator under the Societies Act. They provide common facilities and infrastructure where industry and academia can share their knowledge, experience and expertise. STEPs provide facilities
www.fitt-iitd.org such as testing and calibration, prototype development, computing, business facilitation services and quality assurance services. The main objective of STEPs is to provide effective
interaction between industry, academic institutes and research institutes. They also provide R&D support to small-scale industries. There are 15 such STEPs functioning in India, which
Nirma Labs have collectively generated a turnover of nearly INR 1.3 billion. Moreover, the initiative provides employment to about 5,000 people. The list of STEPs is available at NSTEDB.
www.nirmalabs.org
Key Areas of Research
Rural Innovations Network · Science and technology including electronic equipment, biotechnology, nanotechnology, software development, automobiles, pharmaceuticals and aviation
www.rinovations.org · Other areas include food processing, media and entertainment, and rural innovations
National Design Business Incubator Major Incubators

www.ndbiindia.org Some of the major incubators include FICCI Incubation Cell; IIT Delhi Technology Business Incubator; Nirma Labs; ITSMA-Euro Incubator; L-Ramp, IIT Madras; ICICI Knowledge Park and
Rural innovations network.
MITCON Biotechnology Centre Amity Innovation Incubator
www.mitconindia.com Amity Innovation Incubator (AII) is a non-profit society consisting of member such as industrialists, venture capitalists, technical specialists and managers; who comprise its advisory
board. The society is launched by Amity University to promote the entrepreneurial ecosystem in India. The society aims to provide the entrepreneurs with range of infrastructure, business
advisory, mentoring and financial services to help them overcome the preliminary hiccups generally faced by such start-ups. The society offers investment advisory services, private equity
syndication, M&A, structured financing, special situations and strategic advisory services to corporate and investors with the help of its core team and associates
Recent Activities
· In January 2008, NASSCOM and ICICI Knowledge Park announced a knowledge fund to provide seed investments for innovations in emerging technologies.
· In April 2007, IIT Madras entered into an MoU with Rural Innovations Network to help enable small-scale rural innovations reach the market.
4.1.2 Technology/Science Parks
Technology parks are facilities Information Technology Parks

housing workspace for corporations, With the Indian IT industry becoming one of the largest exporters of software products globally, the Ministry of Information Technology has collaborated with private corporations and
research laboratories, training infrastructure development companies to set up technology parks. These technology parks offer a platform for grooming requisite talent for the industry by providing world-class facilities.
academies, consulting agencies and Some major operational IT parks are as follows:
knowledge-based centres. Set up · Software Technology Parks of India (STPI), which are present in various cities such as Bangalore, Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Hyderabad, Guwahati, Noida, Mumbai, Kolkata, Lucknow,
mainly by private players, these are
Dehradun, Patna, Ranchi and Gandhinagar
state-of-the-art facilities designed
· Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, Hinjewadi, Pune
to focus on innovation and product
· International Tech Park, Bangalore
advancement.
· SIPCOT IT Park (State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu)
· Hyderabad Information Technology Engineering Consultancy City, Hyderabad
· Technopark Kerala
· Rajiv Gandhi Chandigarh Technology Park (RGCTP)
Biotechnology/Life Sciences
The Indian government has made conscious efforts to set up biotechnology parks through collaborations with private players. Organisations such as CSIR, DBT and various private players
have been working towards providing advanced clinical research and analysis facilities within the country. Indian states, such as Karnataka and Gujarat, are also planning to set up such
parks. Currently, there are five biotech parks in the country, which have been mentioned below.
· ICICI Knowledge Park
· Shapoorji Pallonji Biotech Park, Andhra Pradesh
· International Biotech Park, Maharashtra
· Lucknow Biotech Park, Uttar Pradesh
· Ticel Bio Park, Tamil Nadu
· Various other biotech parks either exist/planned in other cities such as Chandigarh, Lucknow, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Alwar, Kochi and Thiruvananthapuram.
·
Others
4.1.3 Special Economic Zones (SEZs)
SEZs have been established to The SEZ policy, announced in 2000, is being implemented successfully. The policy provides a single window clearance to all matters related to the setting up of new units in an existing
provide impetus to economic activity SEZ. Moreover, the SEZ policy provides major tax breaks for companies setting up SEZs and better infrastructure facilities, combined with tax exemption, for those establishing their
in a specific region, increase facilities in these zones. Owing to simplified procedures, faster approval processes and benefits given to the corporates, there has been a surge in the number of SEZs in the past 5 years.
earnings from exports, develop The main objectives of setting up SEZs are as follows:
infrastructure and generate more · Generating additional economic activity
employment opportunities. · Promoting exports of goods and services
· Promoting investments from domestic and foreign sources
Website · Creating employment opportunities
http://sezindia.nic.in/welcome.htm · Developing infrastructure facilities
· The exports from SEZs increased from INR 138.5 billion in 200304 to INR 346.2 billion in 200607 and are expected to reach INR 670.9 billion by 200708.
Impact of the new SEZ policy

The new SEZ policy adopted by the Government of India in 2005 has received a tremendous response from domestic and foreign players, leading to huge investments. Following the
enactment of the 2005 SEZ Act, the total investments reached INR 673.5 billion and 61,015 additional employment opportunities were created. Following are some of the major SEZs in
India:
· Nokia SEZ, Tamil Nadu
· Quark City SEZ, Chandigarh
· Flextronics SEZ, Tamil Nadu
· Mahindra World City, Tamil Nadu
· Apache SEZ (Adidas Group), Andhra Pradesh
· Divvy's Laboratories, Andhra Pradesh
· Rajiv Gandhi Technology Park, Chandigarh
· ETL Infrastructure IT SEZ, Chennai
· Hyderabad Gems Limited, Hyderabad
· Noida Export Processing Zone, Noida
· Raheja Infocity, Navi Mumbai
· Navi Mumbai SEZ, Navi Mumbai
· NIIT Technologies SEZ, Greater Noida
· Ansal IT City and Parks, Greater Noida
· Vikas Telecom, Varthur Hoblic, Bangalore
· HCL Technologies SEZ, Bangalore
INDIA R&D ECOSYSTEM
Funding Institutions
Venture Capital Associations/Angel Funding
Banking Institutions
Indian Angel Network
4.2 FUNDING INSTITUTIONS

Financing of seed and early-stage deals forms a vital part of the innovation efforts in the economy.
Financial institutions such as banks and the stock market directly influence the availability of funds for
research and development. Besides, other institutions, such as the Small Industries Development Bank of
India (SIDBI), also finance developing businesses. A robust banking system and a growing stock market
provide incentives for stakeholders to invest in research activities.
4.2.1 Venture Capital Associations/Angel Funding
Venture capital is used to fund The Indian Venture Capital Association (IVCA) has been working towards the development of the private equity and venture capital industry in India since 1993. The agency also serves as
growing enterprises in exchange of a networking body and facilitates interaction between major investment funds from India and abroad. The key activities carried out by IVCA are as follows:
an equity stake. Venture capitalists
generally do not take part in the Information Resource - IVCA collects, analyses and publishes data related to private equity managers and their investee companies. The analysis provides a comparison between
day-to-day operations, however, performance figures from India and other markets. The assessment is done in alliance with Thomas Financial and is published in the IVCA yearbook.
they do have a say in the company's Professional Development - The association conducts various knowledge and training sessions/seminars for its members through collaborations with organisations such as the European
decisions. They act as mentors and Venture Capital Association (EVCA). This enables investment professionals to get a good exposure to the industry trends and outlook of venture capitalists.
give timely advice on various issues Networking/Membership - The web portal Indiavca.org acts as a hub for VC/PE managers and other corporations interested in VC funding. IVCA releases weekly and quarterly updates
(such as sales, finance) to help the through newsletters. It also conducts an annual conference where members/budding entrepreneurs can meet and discuss relevant issues.
enterprise realize its true potential.
Key Areas
Contact Details Some of the major areas that recently saw VC funding are knowledge-based industries, such as IT and ITES, biotechnology, semiconductors, pharmaceuticals and wireless technologies.
Indian Venture Capital and Private Other areas include real estate, manufacturing, travel and leisure, food and beverage, banking, finance and insurance.
Equity Association
301-302, Delhi Blue Apartments Funding Size and Number of Deals
Main Ring Road, · In 2006, the total size of PE/VC funding increased to INR 339.9 billion, compared to INR 97.1 billion in 2005. Also, the number of deals surged to a whopping 299, compared to 146 the
Near Safdarjung Hospital previous year.
New Delhi 110 029 · Companies that have exited recently (2006) include MphasiS (investor Baring PE), Progeon (investor Citigroup), R Systems (investors Intel Capital, GE Capital), OfficeTiger (investor
Tel: + 91 11 4162 8566 RR Donnelly), CSS Group (investor SAIF) and Allcargo (investor New Vernon, Volarado).
Email Recent Activities

info@indiavca.org In October 2007, Thomson Financial (Thomson Corporation), a leading provider of integrated financial information on a global scale, entered into a strategic alliance with IVCA. The
partnership will benefit Thomson as it broadens its scope of information offering to its clients. At the same time, it offers IVCA's member firms a better understanding of the global
Website scenario.
www.indiavca.org/Default.aspx
4.2.2 Banking Institutions
Banking institutions are financial The banking sector in India can be classified into nationalised banks, private banks and specialised banking institutions (non-banking financial institutions and loan associations). The
institutions that act as payment Reserve Bank of India, an autonomous body established in 1935, acts as the central authority that monitors the functioning of the credit and currency system. Its main objectives include
agents for customers, and indulge in formulating and implementing the monitory policy for the country, maintaining liquidity conditions and controlling credit flows.
borrowing and lending money.
Nationalised Banks
· In 1969, the Government of India nationalised 14 large commercial banks to exercise increased control over the credit delivery system in the country. The nationalised segment
includes the State Bank of India (largest among government-owned or private banks in India), Allahabad Bank, Bank of India, Canara Bank, Corporation Bank, Dena Bank, Indian
Overseas Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Punjab National Bank, Union Bank of India and Vijaya Bank.
Private Banks (including foreign banks)

· Post-liberalisation, in early 1990s, several private banks were established in the Indian banking industry. The newly-born tech-savvy banks changed the way banks functioned in India.
These banks provided a range of new services to their customers, such as Internet banking and bank by phone, and registered huge year-on-year growth. Major private banks
operating in the country include ICICI Bank (largest private bank in India), HDFC, Kotak Mahindra, Axis bank, IDBI, IndusInd Bank and ING Vysya Bank.
· Major foreign banks operating in India include HSBC, Citibank, Standard Chartered and ABN AMRO.
Non-Banking Financial Corporation (NBFC)

· NBFCs provide banking services, such as loans and credit facilities, supporting investments in property and wealth management.
· Major NBFCs in India include Bajaj Auto Finance, Cholamandalam Investments & Finance, Escorts Finance Ltd. and IFCI Limited.
Recent Activities
· In March 2008, the Citi Foundation announced a fund of approximately INR 450 million for the microfinance sector. Sa-Dhan, a microfinance institution in India, has been selected to
receive the funding.
4.2.3 Indian Angel Network
Established in 2006, Indian Angel Indian Angel Network is India's first and the largest angel group that brings together successful entrepreneurs and CEOs who share their passion to enable more early-stage businesses to
Network (IAN) is India's first and grow in terms of scale, as well as value. By focusing on start-ups, the Network addresses the present scenario of acute unavailability of funds to early-stage companies. The Network
largest business angel group. believes that early-stage businesses require more than just money to succeed. They require close mentoring and inputs on strategy, as well as execution.
Contact Details Indian Angel Network currently has over 80 members drawn from across the country and some from overseas. The members come from a wide cross-section of industry sectors and
Indian Angel Network comprise the who's who of successful entrepreneurs and CEOs. As an angel group, IAN has innovated by bringing institutional members such as IBM, Google, Intel and Naukri.com.
Delhi Blue Apartments The network looks for innovative business ideas, technologies and solutions with an objective to be the missing bridge (from “lab to land”) in India. It has met early successes and has
Main Ring Road already invested in 15 companies across multiple sectors such as information technology, education, hospitality, intellectual property, robotics and consumer internet.
Near Safdarjung Hospital
New Delhi 110 029 The members of the network have had prior entrepreneurial and/or strong operational experience, which they bring to early-stage businesses. The network attempts to significantly
enhance the success rate through high-quality mentoring, inputs on strategy and execution plans and leveraging their vast networks. Owing to their strong industrial experience and
Website background, the network members are better able to evaluate the potential of the start-ups and identify the risks at an early stage.
http://www.indianangelnetwork.co
m IAN has been an amazing success story. Within two years of its inception, it has made more investments than most funds do in their life cycle. It has become the first port of call for
entrepreneurs with innovative ideas, which is evident from the total deal flow, which exceeds over 50 a month.
Email
info@indianangelnetwork.com India Innovation Fund
· IAN's tremendous success has highlighted another gap viz. between the angel investors and the early-stage venture capitalists (VCs) in India. IAN has therefore sponsored a unique
Phone and differentiated angel fund of INR 2.5 billion for bridging the gap. The fund provides the following advantages:
(011) 4162 8566 · Leverages power of India's largest angel network
· Proprietary deal flow
Fax · Extensive business/personal networks
(011) 4162 8863 · Mentoring/boards, etc
· M&A's/exits
· Strongly supported by the entire IAN membership investing own capital, sharing carry, aligned interests
· Plugs the gap in India's VC eco system (USD 13 million)
· Considers sectors that leverage expertise of the angels in rapidly-growing markets, with special focus on the following :
· Tech/tech enabled
· Consumer driven demand
· Environment/clean tech
· Intends to be a preferred fund for first institutional investment
INDIA R&D ECOSYSTEM
Research
Universities
Government Funded Technical Institutes
Private Technical Institutes
Business Schools
Government R&D Organizations
Corporate
4.3 ACADEMIC RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS field of high-end research and poor infrastructure, India has witnessed an increase in good quality R&D
World-class institutes in India, such as the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), the Indian Institute of work. This can primarily be attributed to the MNC-led R&D being driven by companies such as Intel, Cisco,
Science (IISc) and the National Institutes of Technology (NIT), provide MNCs with a readymade platform to IBM, EMC and Nokia.25
carry out research. An increasing number of companies are collaborating with institutes to undertake
research due to the ready availability of research infrastructure and the strong research support from ·The Government of India has, over the years, set up a host of institutes that form the core of R&D
scientists in government research organisations. activities in the country. In the field of scientific, technical and management education, and research,
institutions such as the IITs, the IISc, the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), and various central
India has a vast network of universities, which can prove to be a big asset in promoting R&D. Except for the and state universities are at the forefront.
IITs and IISc, other institutes have not done much in R&D, though they have a vast pool of science and ·Further, the IITs have well-established industry-institute platforms, such as The Foundation for
engineering PhDs. Institutes other than IITs and IISc such as NITs, BIT and VIT, have taken initiatives Innovation and Technology Transfer (FITT) at IIT Delhi, the Industrial Research & Consultancy Centre
towards encouraging R&D at university level but the outcome of the same needs to be seen. (IRCC) at IIT Mumbai and the Sponsored Research and Industrial Consultancy (SRIC) at IIT Kharagpur,
The other issue faced by India is retaining the best researchers. Best graduates from science and that facilitate private funding for research projects in return for customised industry-focused research
technology institutes go abroad for higher education, which compels the premier post graduate institutes and consulting services.
to accept students from less-prestigious colleges. The Indian education lags behind in motivating students ·Specialised centres such as the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) are also involved in
to pursue a career in R&D.22 cutting-edge research in basic sciences. In the field of agricultural research, various institutions and
research centres under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) are playing a key role.
Science education at university levels in India has been impacted with the proportion of college students
opting for science decreasing from 32 percent in 1950 to 15 percent in 2000. In order to sort this out, the
government has offered annual scholarships of INR 5,000 to students who pick science in high school. The
number of scientific papers published in China increased by 104 times between 1980 and 2005, while it
increased by only 2.3 times in India during the same period. Hence, to catch up with China, India needs to
take more definite steps, such as increased private and public sector funding of R&D, coupled with peer
group monitoring at regular intervals.
Indian universities are currently contributing just 1.8 percent of the total number of patents filed. Patents
can lead India into product development, which will subsequently help in economic development of the
country.23 India has a network of national laboratories, universities and government institutions that
produce publications file patents but have not been successful in converting their work into commercial
applications. There are a number of reforms needed in the Indian innovation ecosystem, such as upgrading
the research capabilities of universities, providing incentives to independent researchers to commercialise
research and enable the private sector to work in close co-ordination with the government S&T
institutions.24 22
Source: Financial Express – June 2008
23
Source: The Hindu - April 2008
Despite various constraints, such as the shortage of high-skilled work force, relative inexperience in the 24
Source: Hindustan Times - April 2008
25
Source: Financial Express - April 2008
4.3.1 Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT)
The Indian Institutes of Technology IITs emphasise on training scientists and engineers from all disciplines to promote excellence in science, arts and the practice of engineering, with the aim of developing a skilled
(IITs) are a group of seven centres of workforce. Further, these institutes carry out various sponsored R&D and technology development projects in association with government organisations and private companies. Details of
excellence for higher education, some key research activities undertaken at IITs are as follows:
research and development in
science, engineering and The institutes have set up separate units to provide administrative and managerial support for their R&D activities. These units carry out various sponsored projects, international projects
technology. and consultancy jobs.
Contact Details The units also aid the commercialisation of science and technology in the institute; coordinate contract/consultancy projects, technology development projects and intellectual property
IIT Delhi generation/protection activities; and manage facilities of external agencies.
Hauz Khas, · These units include the FITT at IIT Delhi, the IRCC at IIT Mumbai and the SRIC at IIT Kharagpur.
New Delhi 110016
Tel: +91 11 2659 7194/67 Bilateral Collaborations and Interactions with other Players
http://www.iitd.ernet.in/research/in · The institutes have collaborated with national, as well as international organisations and universities to support their R&D activities.
dex.html · IITs have collaborated, on a number of research projects, with global institutes/universities. They have also collaborated with organisations, such as UNIDO and PPG Industries.
· These institutes have R&D laboratories sponsored by industries/associations, such as Department of Science and Technology (DST), Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and the
IIT Bombay Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. They also collaborate with organisations, associations and universities, such as Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
The Dean (R&D) (CSIR), DRDO and the National Science Foundation.
2nd Floor, IRCC-SOM. IIT, · Please refer to Appendix for details of collaborations/associations of various IITs.
Powai, Mumbai – 400076
Tel: +91 22 2572 2545 Funding Mechanism
http://www.ircc.iitb.ac.in/webnew/ R&D activities in all IITs are sponsored by various government departments/ministries and industry organisations.
· IIT Delhi: The total funds it received for the year 200607 were INR 388.2 million.
IIT Kharagpur · IIT Kanpur: In 200607, the institute had about 138 sponsored projects and 96 consultancy projects worth INR 656.9 million and INR 54 million, respectively.
Indian Institute of Technology · Please refer to Appendix for the list of funding agencies of the IITs.
Kharagpur – 721302
Tel: +91 32 2225 5221 Key Areas of Research
+91 32 2228 2037 · The key areas of research include agriculture and agro-processing, biochemical and biotechnology, chemical engineering, mechanical and civil engineering, construction and
http://www.iitkgp.ac.in/index.php metallurgy, computers, electronics, instrumentation and electrical, medical and pharmaceuticals, rubber, textiles and rural development.
· Moreover, IIT Bombay has undertaken R&D in specialised fields of computational biology, computational fluid dynamics, magnetism, energy systems, microelectronics and VLSI,
nanotechnology, robotics, sensors and actuators.
4.3.1 Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT)
IIT Madras Details on R&D Support to the Private Sector

IIT Post Office, · IIT Bombay: The institute has partnered with Infosys for R&D interaction with the Centre for Aerospace Systems Design and Engineering. It has also partnered with Verifone India Pvt.
Chennai – 600036 Ltd to promote education and research on database management.
Tel: +91 44 22578133 · IIT Kharagpur: The institute has provided R&D services to private sector companies such as Ambuja Cement, Apollo Tyres, Bayer, General Motors and Infosys. For the list of clients and
http://www.iitm.ac.in/ the projects carried out, please refer to http://www.iitkgp.ac.in/sric/clients.php.
· IIT Kanpur: For the list of projects carried out during 200507, please refer to http://www.iitk.ac.in/dord/DORD/2005_2007.pdf.
IIT Kanpur
Kalyanpur
Kanpur – 208016
Tel: +91 51 2679 7210
+91 51 2392 7210
http://www.iitk.ac.in/
IIT Guwahati
Indian Institute of Technology
Guwahati 781039
Tel: +91 36 1269 2769
+91 36 1258 2082
http://www.iitg.ernet.in/
Indian Institute of Technology

Roorkee – 247667
Uttarakhand
Tel: +91 13 3228 5311
+91 13 3228 5678
http://www.iitr.ernet.in/
Email
IIT Kanpur: rnd@iitk.ac.in
IIT Guwahati: juba@iitg.ernet.in
IIT Roorkee: dsric@iitr.ermet.in
for Innovation and Technology Transfer
4.3.1.1 The Foundation for Innovation and Technology Transfer (FITT)
FITT is an industry-institute platform FITT is an interface for technology transfer between IIT Delhi and the industry. Its primary objective is to encourage commercialisation of the scientific and technological capabilities of the
of IIT Delhi, established in 1992 as a institute. The key activities undertaken by FITT are as follows:
registered society to promote and · Enabling technology transfer for tested R&D output
sustain commercialisation of · Encouraging industry interaction in research partnerships/consultancy projects for the development of technology and its commercialisation
science and technology in the · Safeguarding intellectual property
institute. · Providing information support service to industry and research organisations
· Providing its industry/academia partners with access to IIT Delhi's specialised equipment and central facilities
Contact Details · One of the key programmes of the FITT cell is the Technology Business Incubator (TBI), which seeks to promote collaboration with new technology entrepreneurs and start-up
Managing Director, companies to develop and commercialise new technologies.
Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
[IITD] Bilateral Collaboration and Interaction with other Players
Hauz Khas, · FITT has well-developed networks with various scientific and industrial communities to enable commercialisation of the technologies developed in their laboratories.
New Delhi 110 016 · FITT has partnerships with industry giants such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd (BHEL), Aricent Technologies (Holdings) Ltd, Hero Honda Motors Ltd, Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd, Larsen
India & Toubro Ltd, Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd, Reliance Industries Ltd and HCL Infosystems Ltd, among others.
· It also collaborates with other institutions such as the Centre for Innovation Incubation and Entrepreneurship at the Indian Institute of Management for incubation of technology-based
Website endeavours.
FITT · Please refer to http://www.fitt-iitd.org for a complete list of the industry members of FITT.
Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
Funding Mechanism
Email FITT receives funding for the various R&D initiatives under its purview through its member companies. It also receives funding from the ICICI/World Bank-Funded Technology Institution
mdfitt@gmail.com Programme (TIP) for its TBI unit.
Switchboard Key Areas of Research - IIT Delhi engages in research in the following technology fields:
+91 11 2685 7762 · Agriculture and agro industry
+91 11 2659 7167 · Biochemical and biotechnology
+91 11 2659 7164 · Chemical, civil and construction engineering
+91 11 2659 7289 · Computer science, electrical and electronics and communication
+91 11 2659 7153 · Industrial chemicals and allied industries
+91 11 2658 1013 · Instrumentation, devices and control
· Mechanical and metallurgical engineering
· Medical and pharmaceutical sciences
· Polymer, plastics and rubber
· Rural development
4.3.1.2 Industrial Research and Consultancy Centre (IRCC)
IRCC is an arm of IIT Bombay, IRCC, which coordinates the research and development activities at IIT Bombay, also facilitates the institute's interaction with external agencies. The major activities of IRCC are as
established with the objective of follows:
coordinating the institute's R&D · Sponsored Research and Development Projects: It controls and manages sponsored R&D projects, with funding from government agencies and industries.
activities. It also assists in · Contract Research/Consultancy Projects: It also helps in liaising with industry/government bodies to undertake consultancy projects, which are generally of short duration, having
promoting and managing industry clear-cut deliverables and aimed at solving specific problems. It also undertakes interaction between the institute and industry for establishing collaborative research partnerships in
interaction. certain emerging areas.
· Technology Transfer/Licensing: It manages transfer/licensing of technologies developed from the R&D activities undertaken by the faculty, scientists and students of the institute.
Contact Details · Intellectual Property Management: It provides direction, support and resources to the institute's faculty, scientists and students for intellectual property protection and assists in
2nd Floor, IRCC SOM Building, drawing up contracts.
Indian Institute of Technology · Technology Incubation: It provides support to the government-funded TBI programme to drive and support entrepreneurship and incubation of technologies developed at the Institute.
Bombay
Powai, Mumbai 400 076 (INDIA) Additionally, IRCC also provides research seed grant to upcoming faculty/scientists to help initiate R&D work. It enables information dissemination by publishing periodical
publications/newsletters. It also manages IIT Bombay's new initiative, Research Fellowship Scheme, which updates students about the ongoing high-quality research and allows them to
Website contribute and participate in such activities.
IRCC
SINE IIT Bombay hosts a business incubator, SINE (Society for Innovation and Entrepreneurship).
Email IIT Bombay, known for its technology innovation and research excellence, was one of the first institutes in India to adopt the concept of business incubation. In 1999, an IT business
dean.rnd@iitb.ac.in incubator was set up at Kanwal Rekhi School of Information and Technology. Later, in 2004, SINE was established to accelerate entrepreneurship in the institute. With an infrastructure
spread of over 100, 00 sq.ft. and capacity of accommodating about 1517 companies, SINE encourages technology based entrepreneurship by facilitating the conversion of research activity
Switchboard into entrepreneurial ventures. The Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India has also provided financial assistance to the business incubator.
+91 22 2576 7030
+91 22 2576 7039 Bilateral Collaboration and Interaction with other Players
IRCC has relationships with various government associations, such as the Aeronautical Development Agency, the CSIR, the Department of Atomic Energy, DRDO and ISRO, and companies
including ONGC, TCS, Unilever, Honeywell Technology Solutions Ltd, L&T, Grasim Industries and Reliance Industries Limited.
It has also maintained strong R&D relationships with other educational and research institutions, such as the University of California Riverside (US), the University of British Columbia
(Canada), the National Institute of Health (US) and the British Council (UK), among others.
Funding Mechanism
It receives funds from various national and international government organisations, universities and industries.
4.3.1.2 Industrial Research and Consultancy Centre (IRCC)

· Aerospace engineering
· Chemical engineering
· Chemistry
· Civil engineering
· Computer science and engineering
· Electrical engineering
· Earth sciences
· Mechanical engineering
· Metallurgical engineering and materials science
· Physics
Details on R&D Projects Undertaken by IRCC

Following are some of the R&D projects undertaken by IRCC in association with the industry.
· A Study of Neural Network Schemes for Radar Signal Processing
· Herbal Oil Surfactant Therapy for Saving Premature Babies
· Scheme of R&D-Atmospheric Modelling to study Aerosols & Climate in the Indian Region
· Coarse Grain Molecular Modelling of Polycarbonates
· National project on Earthquake Engineering Education
· Development of Design Guidelines and Preparation of Handbook on Energy Conscious Architecture
4.3.1.3 Sponsored Research and Industrial Consultancy (SRIC)
SRIC was set up in 1982 as an SRIC works under the aegis of IIT Kharagpur, a central government-funded institute, and acts as a platform to collaborate with industry units and research organisations. The key functions
industry-institute interface between of SRIC are as follows:
funding agencies and IIT Kharagpur · Undertaking consultancy assignments
to manage sponsored research · Management of funds for research activities
projects and industrial consultancy · Management of intellectual property (IP)Organising workshops/seminars on IP rights for the faculty, students and scientists
assignments.
An IPR and Industrial Relations Cell have been set up under the SRIC to manage the IP interests of the faculty and the funding agencies.
Contact Details
Indian Institute of Technology Bilateral Collaboration and Interaction with other Players
Kharagpur, · SRIC has partnered with various national and international institutions and industrial units to collaborate on research and consulting activities. These institutions include government
Kharagpur 721302 ministries and agencies, such as the Department of Science and Technology (DST), DRDO and ISRO.
India · Private sector companies (Intel, Microsoft, Posco, Volkswagen, Tata Steel, ITC, BEL, etc.) and academic institutions in India and abroad (Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral
Resources, South Korea; Kyushu University, Japan; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany; All India Council for Technical Education, etc.) have sponsored research at SRIC.
Website Please refer to http://www.iitkgp.ac.in for the list of organisations/agencies that have sponsored research at SRIC.
SRIC · Please refer to this http://www.iitkgp.ac.in to view a full list of clients for whom consulting assignments have been undertaken.
IIT Kharagpur
Funding Mechanism
Switchboard · SRIC receives substantial funding from the alumni network of IIT Kharagpur.
+91 3222 255 221 · Further, it gains revenue through consulting assignments for companies and other institutions. It also receives grants from its clients for undertaking research activities on their behalf.

· At IIT Kharagpur, research is conducted in various disciplines of engineering, such as aerospace, electrical, electronics and communication, materials and civil.
· The institute also has a school of management sciences, a school for intellectual property law and other such specialised centres, in addition to the facilities for basic sciences. These
institutes also undertake research activities at various levels.
4.3.2 Indian Institute of Science (IISc)
IISc is an institution for higher IISc, one of the premier institutions of higher education in India, works in close association with research institutions and the industry. The key activities undertaken by IISc include
education. It was established in promotion, development and consultancy on research activities in diverse fields.
1909 with the objective of
promoting research and education in The institute has 37 major departments and centres, which can be categorised into five distinct disciplinary divisionsbiological, chemical, electrical, mechanical, and physical and
emerging fields of science and mathematical sciences. Following are the facilities available for research at the IISc:
engineering. · Computing Facility: The Supercomputer Education and Research Centre (SERC) focuses on research and education in the areas of computer systems, computational science and
bioinformatics.
Contact Details · Cryogenic Facility: The Centre for Cryogenic Technology (CCT) is involved in research and consultancy in the fields of cryogenic engineering, as well as production and supply of
Indian Institute of Science cryogens.
Bangalore 560012 · Nano-electronics Centre: The Centre of Excellence in Nano-electronics (CEN) focuses on areas such as nano-scale electronics, devices, technologies, materials, micro- and nano-
India electromechanical systems, bio-electronic interfaces and integrated small-scale systems.
· Nuclear Magnetics Resonance: The NMR Research Centre undertakes analysis of samples received from scientists and institutions; provides facilities to scientists for research;
Website organises short-term courses/workshops on the use and application of various instruments, techniques for research and training of technicians for sophisticated instruments;
IISc promotes projects for the development of new techniques, sophisticated instruments and improvement of existing instruments.
· Science Information: The National Centre for Science Information (NCSI) provides various kinds of electronic information services to scholars at the institute. It undertakes R&D and
Email consultancy projects funded by government departments and private agencies.
regr@admin.iisc.ernet.in
Bilateral Collaboration and Interaction with other Players
Switchboard The IISc has relationships with various scientific and industrial research organisations. Its interaction with the industry and the academia is routed through the following channels:
+91 80 2360 0757 · Centre for Continuing Education (CCE): It offers short-term courses to scientists and technologists in emerging technological fields.
· Centre for Scientific and Industrial Consultancy (CSIC): Companies can utilise the intellectual capital of IISc for consulting assignments through the CSIC initiative.
· Society for Innovation and Development (SID): Its activities include undertaking research projects and setting up joint R&D centres with other institutions.
· Centre for Sponsored Schemes and Projects (CSSP): The key activities of CSSP include handling externally-sponsored schemes and research projects.
· Technology Development Missions (TDM): The key objective of TDM is to strengthen the R&D capabilities of Indian industries, developing technology and processes for socio-
economic benefit, promoting industry-institute linkages and collaboration between IITs and IISc, and promoting teamwork in mission-oriented projects.
· International Relations Cell (IRC): It oversees and coordinates all international programmes of the institute, such as exchange programmes for faculties and research collaboration with
foreign industry and academia. Collaborative agreements are in place with many universities, such as the Australian National University, the National University of Singapore,
UNESCO-UNISPAR, the University of Manchester, the University of Southern California, Ecole Polytechnique of France and the University of York.
IISc has relationships with major R&D organisations in the country. These primarily include government research organisations, such as the Aeronautical Research Development Board
(ARDB), the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
4.3.2 Indian Institute of Science (IISc)
It also has research collaboration with private sector companies, such as Boeing, Cadila Pharmaceuticals, DaimlerChrysler, General Electric, General Motors, Hindustan Lever Limited,
Indian Immunologies and Intel.
Funding Mechanism
· Government ministries and agencies, such as ARDB, CSIR, the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Department of Biotechnology (DBT)
and Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) provide funding for research at IISc.
· The IISc faculty also undertakes consultancy work through the CSIC or SID.
· Sponsored research programmes under the CSSP and the SID also contribute to the institute's funding.

·Biological sciences
·Chemical sciences
·Electrical sciences
·Mechanical sciences
·Physical and mathematical sciences
Details on R&D Projects

Following are the projects carried out in association with industry partners.
· Microsoft Multilingual Interface to the Digital Library
· Hitachi Design and Analysis of Data Mining Algorithms
· BHEL Rotating Helium Transfer Coupling for Superconducting Generator
· CSIR Two-Stage Pulse Tube Coolers
4.3.2.1 Centre for Scientific and Industrial Consultancy (CSIC)
CSIC was established in 1975 to CSIC is a gateway between the industry and academia and provides solution to industry problems. The institute is involved in conducting consultancy projects for industry players. The
promote industry academia linkages centre helps the scientists to interact with the industry, while industry gets access to the expertise and research facilities of the institute.
for mutual benefit.
The various types of consultancy provided by CSIC can be classified as mentioned below:
Contact Details · System/Product/Process Design and Development
Centre for Scientific and Industrial · Software Development
Consultancy · Technology Transfer
Indian Institute of Science · Testing and Evaluation
Bangalore 560 012 · Diagnostics and System studies
· Manpower Development
Website
CSIC The areas of research where the industry and academia linkages have been fruitful include energy, water, health, computers, defence and space, agriculture and environment. The centre
helps the commercialisation of innovations by scientists and assists in being applied in industrial applications. Some of the technology transfer projects include the biomass gasifier,
Email which has been in commercial use since a decade.
chairman@csic.iisc.ernet.in
The centre has not only helped the urban areas but also the underprivileged people of the rural India. Due to excellent industry linkages, CSIC has also been vested with the responsibility
Switchboard of placing students in the industry.
+91 80 2293 2236
+91 80 2293 2917
4.3.3 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR)
TIFR was established in 1945 by Dr. TIFR is a premier institute for fundamental research in basic sciences. The research disciplines under study at TIFR can be categorised into the following three schools:
Homi J. Bhabha, as a university with
research interests in areas of basic ·The School of Mathematics: Research interests of this school include algebra, algebraic geometry, lie groups, lie algebra, algebraic groups, representation theory and quantum groups,
sciences covering fields, such as theory of numbers, combinatorics, differential geometry and topology. An additional centre at Bangalore is dedicated to the study of differential equations, harmonic analysis,
biology, chemistry, computer numerical analysis and probability theory.
science, mathematics and physics. ·The School of Natural Sciences: Research interests of this school primarily include astronomy and astrophysics, chemical sciences, condensed matter physics, high-energy physics,
molecular biology, nuclear and atomic physics, radio astronomy and theoretical physics.
Contact Details ·The School of Technology and Computer Science: Research interests of this school include algorithms, computational mathematics, distributed and mobile computing, logics of
Tata Institute of Fundamental programmes, robot-motion planning and robot vision, software engineering and formal methods, and speech and signal processing.
Research
Homi Bhabha Road Other research centres, such as The Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education, Bombay; The National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune; and The National Centre for Biological
Mumbai 400 005 Sciences, Bangalore; also form part of TIFR activities. In addition to the above schools and research centres, TIFR has many other field stations established for research purposes.
Website Bilateral Collaborations and Interactions with other Players

TIFR ·TIFR collaborates with domestic institutes, such as Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC) in
Calcutta, for various research purposes.
Email ·The institute also works in collaboration with many academic institutes located overseas. For instance, it had collaborated with French research institutes such as ENS de Cachan and
webmaster@tifr.res.in Ecole Polytechnique in the past. TIFR also collaborates with scientists from the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN).
TIFR Mumbai Campus Funding Mechanism

+91 22 2278 2000 · The operating expenses of TIFR are provided by the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India. A general purpose TIFR Endowment Fund has also been created to promote
flexible funding of research initiatives.
· It also receives funds from overseas institutes. For instance, the Department of Biological Sciences has received funding from the International Senior Research Fellowship, Wellcome
Trust (UK) and the Human Frontier Sciences Program (HFSP).
4.3.4 National Institutes of Technology (NITs)
The NITs are premiere institutes of Formerly known as Regional Engineering Colleges (RECs), the NITs have been established through an Act of Parliament, which grants them autonomy in their functioning. It is an attempt
engineering and technology in India, to replicate the IIT system, so that more students can avail quality higher education.
emulated on the lines of IITs.
There are 20 NITs spread across different states of India. These institutes are located in Allahabad, Bhopal, Calicut, Durgapur, Kurukshetra, Jamshedpur, Jaipur, Nagpur, Rourkela,
Srinagar, Surathkal, Surat, Tiruchirapally (Trichy), Warangal, Silchar, Hamirpur, Jalandhar, Patna, Raipur and Agartala.
Key research and innovation promotion activities at some of the higher-ranked26 NITs have been listed here.
· NIT Trichy: The institute houses a Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park (TREC-STEP), which is also a business incubation centre. In addition, NIT Trichy handles industrial
consultancy and undertakes sponsored research, which results in focused research initiatives. The institute also has an IPR cell to promote and undertake other relevant activities.
· NIT Warangal: In addition to undertaking research on various disciplines, such as electronics, computer science and mechanical engineering, the institute also undertakes consultancy
assignments.
· NIT Calicut: The institute has a TBI that houses many companies. Industrial consultancy and sponsored research programmes are also undertaken.
· NIT Rourkela: The Sponsored Research and Industrial Consultancy (SRIC) Cell oversees all industry-sponsored projects.
All the NITs are part of the Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme (TEQIP) to ensure constant evolution of teaching and research standards.

The NITs have close association with industry and other research institutions. Sponsored research and industrial consultancy programmes align the research focus of the institutes with
commercial interests. A few examples of NIT-industry interactions are mentioned below.
· NIT Trichy has signed MoUs with several private players, such as BHEL, Bharti Foundation and IBM, to promote R&D. MoUs have also been signed with the National Institute for
Material Science, Tsukuba, Japan; and the Government College of Engineering in Salem, India; for collaboration on research and commercialisation activities, etc.
· IBM has set up an Advanced Computer Education (IBM ACE) Centre at NIT Calicut to impart training on latest technologies.
· The Industry Institute Partnership Cell at NIT Rourkela is a platform for industry-academia interaction.
· NIT Surathkal has set up an Open Power System Laboratory in collaboration with IBM and a MICO-BOSCH Power Tool Centre within its campus. The institute also has MoUs with
many foreign universities, such as Kagoshima University in Japan, KAIST in South Korea and Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands.
Funding Mechanism
· All the NITs receive central government funding, which is supplemented by revenues from consultancy assignments and sponsored research programmes.
26
Source : India Today
4.3.4 National Institutes of Technology (NITs)

All the NITs undertake research in various disciplines of engineering sciences under the various departments. The most common departments in all the NITs are the following:
· Computer science and engineering
· Electronics and communication engineering
· Electrical and electronics engineering
· Mechanical engineering
· Metallurgical and materials engineering
· Chemical engineering
· Civil engineering
· Instrumentation engineering
· Mathematics
· Physics
· Chemistry
4.3.5 Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani
BITS Pilani is one of the most BITS Pilani is one of the best private engineering colleges in India27. It was founded by Late Mr. GD Birla, who was one of the early pioneering industrialists of India. Apart from imparting
respected institutes of science and engineering education through its various graduate, postgraduate and doctoral degrees, BITS has a sturdy interest in R&D. The Research and Consultancy Division of BITS is the nodal
technology education in India. agency for coordinating all research activities and industrial consultancy assignments at BITS.
Contact Details The institute has various centres of R&D for focused approach to research initiatives. Few of these centres are as follows:
Vidya Vihar Campus · Technology Innovation Centre
Pilani · Centre for Software Development
Rajasthan – 333031 · Centre for Research on Educational Innovation and Institutional Development
India · Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems
· Embedded Controller Application Centre
Website · Centre for Renewable Energy and Environment Development
BITS Pilani · Centre for Biotechnology
· Centre for Material Science & Technology
Switchboard
+91 1569 245073/4 Under an innovative scheme, the Technology Innovation Centre offers scientists from various industries undertake research activities on the campus.

A few examples of the institute’s collaborative efforts are chronicled below.
· The institute, in collaboration with HP Labs, awards fellowships for research.
· BITS has established ‘Practice Schools’ in various companies, where students can apply their theoretical knowledge on real world industrial problems. The college has agreements
with many companies, such as Motorola, Yahoo, Google, NetApp, Honeywell and Trilogy.
· BITS is also a member of The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), New York. ACM sponsors numerous computer science-related activities at BITS Pilani.
· The iCampus India Initiative is a result of the collaboration between BITS Pilani, India and the MIT-Cambridge, USA. Under the scheme, BITS will also collaborate with researchers
from MIT.
· BITS has a collaborative agreement for research on biological sciences with Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS), George Mason University in USA and several
other institutions in India and abroad.
Funding Mechanism
· The KK Birla Group provides a major financial support to BITS.
· It also receives funding from UGC for research projects and industry units through consultancy assignments.
27
Source : India Today
4.3.6 Indian Institute of Management (IIM)
Indian Institutes of Management are IIMs are India's premier business schools, which also conduct research activities and provide consultancy services in the field of management to various sectors of the Indian economy.
the top business schools in India, Currently, there are seven IIMs operational in IndiaAhmedabad, Bangalore, Calcutta, Lucknow, Kozhikode, Indore and Shillong. The key activities of these institutes are as follows:
created by the Indian government to · Post-graduate and fellowship programmes IIMs offers post-graduate courses in management (equivalent to an MBA), fellowship programmes in management (equivalent to PhD), and
identify the best talent in the executive MBA and customized industry-based programmes.
country and train them in the · Research activities The institutes also carry out research and consultancy for several industries, including the needs of non-corporate and under-managed sectors, such as agriculture,
management discipline. rural development, public systems management, energy, health education and habitat.
· Other programmes They also offer management training programmes and part-time MBA programmes for various organisations and individuals.
Contact Details
IIM Ahmedabad The government has announced plans to establish six additional IIMs by the end of 2012, which will be in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh,
Research & Publications Uttarakhand and Haryana.
Ahmedabad 380 015
India Research Activities
Tel:+ 91 79 2632 4821 · IIM-A: It has set up numerous sector-oriented groups termed 'Centres' that consists of faculty from different areas, who come together to pursue research and consultancy activities.
These centres help extend the use of management science to other sectors of the economy. The current centres dealing with specialised research and consultancy are Centre for e-
IIM Calcutta Governance, Centre for Innovation, Incubation and Entrepreneurship, Centre for Telecom Policy Studies, National Information Centre on Management (NICMAN), etc.
Research & Publications · IIM-C: At the initial stage, both faculty and students published initial drafts of their findings and circulated them for comments and feedbacks through a working paper series. These
Diamond Harbour Road Joka, papers are published by the institutes periodically.
Kolkata (Calcutta) 700104 · IIM-L: The institute works on internally-and externally-funded research and consultancy projects, and aims to ensure knowledge creation, dissemination and application.
West Bengal, India · Further, other institutes such as Indore, Bangalore and Kozhikode also carry out research activities in specific fields, either in collaboration with organisations or under self-sponsored
Tel: +91 33 2466 3433 programmes.
Email: fpchair@iimcal.ac.in
Funding Mechanism
IIM Lucknow · The R&D activities in the IIMs are primarily sponsored by the government departments/ministries and industry organisations.
Consultancy and Research · Several projects at IIM-A are commissioned and funded by organisations such as the Ford Foundation, UNO, World Bank, NCERT, Planning Commission, Central and State ministries
Lucknow and industrial agencies.
Uttar Pradesh, India
Tel: +91 522 273 6601/02 Key Areas of Research
· The major areas of research are business policy, communications, economics, finance and accounting, marketing and organisational behaviour. However, the research activity is not
focussed on S&T.
INDIA R&D ECOSYSTEM
Government Departments
Department of Science and Technology
Ministry of Earth Sciences
Department of Scientific & Industrial Research
Department of Space
Department of Biotechnology
Department of Atomic Energy
Other Ancillary Research Departments

4.4 GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS/AGENCIES resources data management and generation of data bases, and initiatives targeting empowerment of
A plethora of government departments/agencies are involved in funding, promoting and conducting R&D women through applications of science and technology.
activities in various disciplines. Agencies such as University Grants Commission (UGC), Council for
Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Department of The department has witnessed a substantial increase in the funding received from the government. The
Biotechnology (DBT), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Department of Scientific and Industrial department acts as a growth engine for innovation in India with total number of projects sanctioned during
Research (DSIR) and the All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) are actively involved in 200708 reaching 495 and INR 1318.8 million being sanctioned for various R&D projects. The department
channelizing funds for research initiatives in the country. has taken measures to proactively develop technologies in the areas of bio fuels, bio-molecular devices,
water purification and waste disposal. The department has taken some important measures in 200708 to
·National Research Development Corporation (NRDC), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and foster R&D in India:
its marketing arm, Antrix Corporation, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Centre for
Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) and Defence Research and Development Organisation ·Measures for the establishment of new autonomous institutions in vital areas like Himalayan
(DRDO) are examples of government agencies playing a key role in national R&D efforts. Glaciology, nano science and technology etc
·Initiatives, such as the Biotechnology Industry Research & Development Assistance Council (BIRAC) ·Promoting international co-operation with strategic partner countries based on principles of reciprocity
and the Federation of Asian Biotech Associations (FABA), initiated by the Department of and synergy
Biotechnology, focus on specific technology aspect. These are initiatives funded through private sector ·Accelerating the pace of technology development in pharmaceutical sector under PPP model
partnership and seek to directly fund high-risk research. ·New Schemes for retention and attraction of best talents in science and research careers
The government of India also has bilateral and multilateral agreements and MOUs with several countries The organisational structure for DST is depicted in Figure 9.z
to facilitate collaborative research between research institutions in India and abroad.
4.4.1 Department of Science and Technology (DST)28

Established in 1971, DST is the central body for conducting Science and Technology (S&T)-related activities
in India. It embodies a foundation upon which the entire research and development (R&D) base of the
country rests. The organisation is involved in a number of activities, such as formulating policies related to
S&T, acting as a co-ordinator for research projects involving multiple departments, supporting and funding
scientific research institutions, commercialising technologies (with a priority for indigenously developed
technologies) and managing economic activities for S&T at state and district levels. The department also
supports various autonomous institutions engaged in basic research, technology forecasting, laboratory
accreditation and science popularisation. It is a major agency in the country for promotion of basic sciences
with about 50% of extramural funding of research projects coming from DST.
DST plays a significant role in the technology development programmes relating to key sectors, as well as
in the development of international cooperation in S&T. The cardinal focus areas for the department
includes popularisation of science, relating science to society, promotion of entrepreneurship, national 28
Source : Department of Science and Technology
Major programmes, under DST, to foster research in science and technology and commercialisation of Figure 9 : DST Organisational Structure
innovations are listed below.
Ministry of Science and Technology
Scientific and Engineering Research
The programme primarily focuses on the promotion of research activities in emerging areas of engineering
Secretary, DST Chief Vigilance
and technology through various sub programmes, grants and scholarships. It promotes research in the Officer
areas of frontier technologies, such as neurobiology, solid state chemistry, nano-materials, surface science
and plasma physics, through various specialised programmes and bodies, such as Nano Mission and
Administration Scientific Autonomous Scientific Groups TDB Integrated
Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC). Further, DST also runs several scholarships and Services Institutes Finance
fellowship programmes for the promotion of research in the area of science and technology, which are
targeted to reward research scholars in India and attract scientists from across the globe. It has also
Survey of SERC International Division
established the National Science & Technology Management Information System (NSTMIS), which works India
towards the collection of information, building of appropriate databases and effective dissemination of
information related to S&T research activities in India.
NATMO NCSTC NEB
Technology Development
DST also concentrates on various technology-development programmes, such as instrumentation
development to promote indigenous design and manufacture of different instruments used across various NRDMS NSTMIS
industry verticals and water technology to develop adequate infrastructure to provide safe drinking-water
facilities across India. Further, the Technology Development Board (TDB) is committed towards promoting Science and Technology Development
commercialisation of indigenous research projects by providing financial aid in the form of loans, grants Society and Transfer
and equity subscription to budding technology ventures. The Patent Facilitation Centre (PFC) provides
patent-related services to scientists in India, as well as abroad and keeps a tab on the major IPR Source: DST
developments in the country.

International S&T Cooperation Women Scientists Programmes

DST aims to promote joint research with R&D organisations across the globe through this programme. The DST has also launched several scholarship and internship programmes to encourage women scientists to
co-operation (bilateral, multilateral or through regional framework modes) programmes act as the platform take up research in areas of S&T. The programme aims to motivate women to work and bring their talent to
for interaction and networking between academic institutions and R&D bodies of various countries. The the main stream.
various cooperation programmes are as follows:
· Co-operation with countries including the US, the UK, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, etc. The various autonomous institutions under DST, which are involved in the R&D and industrial activities, are
· Activities under Indo US S&T forum has taken new heights with eight new bilateral programs being provided in Appendix
partnered with various agencies in 200708.
· Co-operation with regional organisations such as ASEAN, Indo STEPAN (Science & Technology Policy
Asian Network), SAARC (India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Srilanka, Maldives, Bhutan) and NAM.
· Multilateral programmes such as UNESCO, UNDP, BIMST-EC (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Srilanka
and Thailand), IOR-EC (Indian Ocean Rim).
S&T and Socio Economic Development

DST also runs various programmes to employ science and technology for socio-economic benefits of the
society. It has designed programmes, such as National Council for Science & Technology Communication
(NCSTC) and Science and Society Program (SSP), to popularise S&T at the grassroot level. The NCSTC
council aims at creating awareness among masses regarding the S&T development in India through
various mediums, such as short films, radio programmes and plays. SSP encourages scientists and
research volunteers to take up projects to uplift socio-economical conditions of the underprivileged class in
the country.
Faculty Development Program (FDP) and Entrepreneurship Awareness Camps (EAC)have witnessed a huge
success with 50 FDPs and 35 EACs organised across India in 200708
The National Science & Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board (NSTEDB) works towards the
promotion of technology-based enterprises. It conducts camps and programmes to foster entrepreneurship
and create 'job generators', with a focus on S&T. In the Union budget 2007, the government has exempted
incubators recognised by NSTEDB and DST from service tax. Further, DST, along with state governments,
has set up state S&T councils for conducting research in various industry domains.
The department also provides support to NGOs working towards the upliftment of rural population through
innovation in science and technology.
4.4.2 Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)29 forecasting, predictability of summer monsoon, impact of climate change on rainfall, paleo-climatology,
The erstwhile Ministry of Ocean Development was rechristened as the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) applications of physical meteorology, and acid rain and atmospheric pollution modelling.
in 2006. It deals with S&T for exploration and exploitation of ocean resources, and plays a nodal role in
Antarctic/Arctic and Southern Ocean research. International Collaboration
· R&D Activities and Scientific Services ·Under the INDO-USAID programme on the climate forecasting system, support was provided to
· Ocean Science and Technology projects that aimed at improving the hydro-meteorological forecasting and early-warning systems in
India.
The National Centre for Antarctic & Ocean Research (NCAOR) is the nodal agency for conducting research ·India collaborates with countries, including China, Russia and Australia, for research on a variety of
in the area of polar science and one of the major centres for oceanographic studies. Research in physical subjects related to oceanography, seismology and weather-prediction systems.
oceanography has witnessed significant success over the past years, in areas such as in-situ chlorophyll ·India is a participating member of various international organisations, such as the Intergovernmental
estimation and determination of algae, environment and ecology, polar remote sensing and temperature, Oceanographic Commission (IOC), Partnership for Observation of Global Ocean (POGO) and Regional
and salinity and oxygen profiling of select regions in Antarctic waters. Alliance in Indian Ocean Indian Ocean Global Ocean Observing System (IOGOOS).
Various areas of research under marine research are assessment of marine living resources (MLRP), deep
sea and distant water fishery, environment and productivity patterns in the Indian exclusive economic zone
(EEZ), monitoring and surveillance of harmful algal blooms and marine biodiversity. Centre for Marine Living
Resources & Ecology (CMLRE) has also set up a Fisheries and Oceanographic Research Vessel (FORV) Data
Centre and Referral Centre in Kochi to promote the study of research on marine living resources and
environmental ecology.
Research and development activities at the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) are focused on
areas such as desalination, deep sea technology and ocean mining, coastal and environmental engineering
and marine instrumentation. NIOT is also responsible for the practical application of various ocean
technologies, such as Under the Ocean Science and Technology for Island (OSTI) and Indian ARGO Project,
National Data Buoy Programme (NDBP).
INCOIS is an advisory body under the MoES that provides ocean information and advisory services to
industry, academia and government agencies. Ocean and Atmospheric Science and Technology Cells
(OASTCs) have been set up by MoES to promote oceanography research at various academic institutions
through sponsorship.Atmospheric Sciences
Research on the atmospheric sciences is carried out at various institutes, such as India Meteorological
Department (IMD), National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) and Indian
Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune. The major research areas are radiosonde sensors, satellite
data assimilation, numerical weather prediction and technologies to optimise techniques for weather 29
Source: Ministry of Earth Sciences
4.4.2.1 National Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board (NSTEDB) 30
National Science & Technology NSTEBD works under the guidance of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and has a representation from socio-economic and scientific departments and ministries,
Entrepreneurship Development entrepreneurship-development institutions and financial institutions. The key objectives of the board are as follows:
Board (NSTEDB) was established in · To promote technology-driven entrepreneurial ventures
1982 with an objective to promote · To encourage scientists/researchers to take up commercialisation of S&T-based projects
technology-based enterprises. The · To develop channels for proper propagation of information related to entrepreneurship
board acts as a policy-advisory body · To build a network between central-and state-level agencies
to the government and helps in the · To support government agencies involved in the formation of policies to encourage S&T-based entrepreneurship
development of various programmes
to encourage entrepreneurship. Promotion of entrepreneurship through institutional mechanism
·Entrepreneurship Development Cell (EDC): The scheme aims to promote entrepreneurial culture in technology-centric academic institutions across India. It also works towards
Contact Details networking academic
Harkesh Kumar Mittal ·Institutions, R&D labs and industries in the region. Following are the main objectives of this programme:
Member Secretary, ·To be an institutional mechanism for guiding upcoming S&T entrepreneurs
National S&T Entrepreneurship ·To stimulate enterprise culture and generation of employment opportunities
Development Board (NSTEDB) ·To counter challenges related to technology needs of small and medium enterprises at both national and international level
Department of Science &
Technology, EDC is also active in conducting various camps and development programmes to foster entrepreneurship. Its major functions are as follows:
Technology Bhawan ·To organise entrepreneurship awareness camps; entrepreneurship development and faculty development programmes
New Mehrauli Road ·To introduce various academic courses related to entrepreneurship development
New Delhi 110016 ·To provide guidance to entrepreneurs for getting support from various agencies providing aid for ventures
·To coordinate industry visits for budding entrepreneurs
Website ·To provide assistance to ailing enterprises and help rehabilitate them
http://www.nstedb.com/index.htm
Science & Technology Entrepreneurship Development (STED) Project The project aims at socio-economic development of a region through the involvement of science and
Email technology-based processes. The programme identifies opportunities unique to a district, related manpower; material resources and technical know how to launch a viable venture.
hkmittal@vsnl.com Currently STED is implemented in 39 districts across India. The key highlights of the project are as under:
· Identification of resource-based projects in both rural and urban areas
Phone · To upgrade working processes used by existing entrepreneurs through the use of S&T
+91 11 2651 7186 · To conduct awareness programmes in order to hone the skills and nurture entrepreneurial culture in the region
+91 11 2685 4416 · Plans to set up at least 50 technology-driven micro enterprises out of a total of 200 micro enterprises planned for each district
+91 11 2653 7982
+91 11 2696 4781 30
Source: NSTEDB
4.4.2.1 National Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board (NSTEDB) 30
Science & Technology Entrepreneurs Park (STEP) Programme The STEP programme focuses on building linkages between academia and the industry to facilitate knowledge
sharing for students, professors and industrial managers. It also provides hardware support, such as testing and calibration facilities, precision tool room/central workshop, prototype
development, business facilitation, computing, data bank, library and documentation, communication, seminar hall/conference room, common facilities such as phone, telex, fax and
photocopying to help support potentially viable ventures.
Technology Business Incubator (TBI) TBIs are helpful in increasing the survival rate of enterprises at nascent stage. They provide services such as market survey/marketing
assistance, business planning, technical assistance, obtaining legal approvals, information dissemination, financial assistance, arranging IPR-related services, facilities of the host
institute at nominal charges and work space for a limited period of time.
Training Programmes
The board runs various camps, training programmes and workshops to promote entrepreneurial awareness. Following are a few of them:
· Entrepreneurship Awareness Camp (EAC)
· Entrepreneurship Development Programme (EDP)
· Faculty Development Programme (FDP)
· Open Learning Programme in Entrepreneurship (OLPE)
· Skill Development through Science & Technology (STST)
· Technology based Entrepreneurship Development Programme (TEDP)
Channels for information dissemination

· Science Tech Entrepreneur Magazine(being re-launched as e-zine)
· TIMEIS Web Portal
4.4.2.2 Technology Development Board (TDB)31
The Technology Development Board Established by the Government of India in 1996, TBD provides financial support to entrepreneurs for taking up technology-oriented products. The board aims to nurture the new generation
(TDB) aims to promote knowledge-based enterprises and plays a pro-active role in facilitating innovation through the promotion of joint research activities between industry and the academia. It also envisages
commercialisation of indigenous, as providing a platform to budding researchers for venturing into next-generation technologies.
well as imported technologies by
providing grants and equity soft Mode of Finance: The aid is given in the form of term loans (up to 50 percent of the approved project cost at 5 percent rate of interest per annum), equity capital (stake up to 25 percent of
loans to upcoming entrepreneurs. the total investment in the company) and grants (in rare cases).
Contact Details Typical projects funded by TDB

Technology Development Board The board funds projects such as:
Department of Science and · Development and commercialisation of new products and processes
Technology · Quality upgrade, reduced material/energy consumption, cost reduction, improved competitiveness and improved ergonomics
A-Wing, Ground Floor, Vishwakarma · Technology deployment to satisfy health and safety standards, domestic or foreign environmental requirements and domestic legislation requirements
Bhavan, Shaheed Jit Singh Marg, · Modification in product/processes to suit wider domestic applications
New Delhi 110 016 · Verification of the socio-commercial viability of new and/or renewable sources of energy and bio-medical equipment and devices
· Technology development to meet the medical standards
Website · Hazardous, waste recycling management
http://www.tdb.gov.in/default.html
Email
info@tdbindia.com
Phone
+91 11 2653 7349
+91 11 2654 0111
Fax
+91 11 2653 1862
+91 11 2654 0137
31
Source: TDB
4.4.2.3 Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC)
Established in 1974, SERC is the SERC's aim is to encourage research in emerging technology areas from multidisciplinary fields. To spur the growth of R&D activities across the country, it gives special support to projects
apex body of Department of Science from relatively less-privileged universities and institutes. It provides various facilities, such as fellowships and funding, motivating young researchers to take up challenging assignments.
and Technology. The council It also provides support to the scientists by extending high-quality research facilities and patenting services. Its main areas of research are as follows:
promotes various scientific · Physical Science
programmes and consists of · Chemical Science
distinguished scientists, researchers · Life Science
and technologists from academia · Earth and Atmospheric Science
and industry. · Engineering Science
· Mathematical Science
For a comprehensive list of approved projects in various domains, please visit http://www.serc-dst.org/new/approvedprojects.htm
Contact Details
Department of Science & Bilateral Collaborations and Interactions with other national/international institutions
Technology, SERC has bilateral ties with various agencies across the globe. The prominent ones include the following:
Technology Bhawan, · Indo-French Laboratory for Solid State Chemistry
New Mehrauli Road, · Indo-French Institute of Mathematics
New Delhi 110 016 · Indo-French Networking Research Programme
· Indo-Russian Centre for Ayurvedic Research
Website · Indo-Russian Centre for Gas Hydrates
http://www.serc- · Indo-Russian Centre for Earthquake Research
dst.org/new/index.asp · India-UK Science Networking Programme
Email Various Indian scientists travel abroad every year under the Networking Research Programmes of SERC. Regular joint workshops are conducted for promoting scientific programmes for
venktesh@nic.in z mutual benefit.
SERC funding mechanism

·Financial Support: The council provides fellowships to research associates/technologists. A list of available fellowships is available at http://www.serc-dst.org/new/index.asp
·Infrastructural Support: SERC helps institutes of higher learning by providing them funds to improve their research facilities. The funds may be used to develop modern research
laboratories, expand libraries and purchase state-of-the-art equipment to support advanced research.
·Funds for Trainings and Workshops: The council provides funding for organising various training programmes and workshops for selected students in order to promote technical
research in various relevant domains.
4.4.2.4 Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC)
TIFAC was established in 1988 as a TIFAC, an autonomous body under the Department of Science and Technology, has the mandate to keep a watch on global technology trends and formulate suitable technology options for
technology platform and an India. The key activities of TIFAC are as follows:
institution of knowledge networking
in India. ·Technology Assessment, Forecasting Studies and Market Surveys: TIFAC undertakes studies on various technology areas of the country with varied goals.
·Technopreneur Promotion Programme (TePP): The TePP programme, initiated in collaboration with DSIR, supports individual innovators in their technology-based endeavours.
Contact Details ·Home Grown Technology (HGT): TIFAC has a new programme to support SME-led technology innovation. It aims to fund the development of nascent technologies and study their
A-Wing, Vishwakarma Bhawan, commercial viability through the establishment of pilot plants.
Shaheed Jeet Singh Marg
New Delhi 110016 Technology Programmes:
India TIFAC manages many schemes focusing on specific technology areas. A few key ones are as follows:
· Sugar Technology Mission (STM): This programme seeks to develop technology upgrades for the Indian sugar industry.
Website · Advanced Composites Programme (ACP): Launched in partnership with the industry, this programme supports numerous projects that will lead to technological development in a wide
TIFAC area of composite applications.
· Fly Ash Utilisation Programme (FAUP): This programme supports technologies for the efficient disposal and utilisation of fly ash.
Email · Umbrella Scheme on Technology Vision 2020 Projects in Mission Mode (TV2020): Under this scheme, support has been provided to a few select sectorsagriculture and agro-food
tifacinfo@tifac.org.in processing; road construction and transport equipment; modernisation of textile industry; healthcare services and natural/herbal products; promotion of science, engineering,
technical and professional institutions.
Switchboard · National Mission on Bamboo Applications (NMBA): NMBA seeks to promote value addition and commercialisation of bamboo products with focus on creating employment and
+91 11 2659 2600 entrepreneurship opportunities.
+91 11 2686 7764 · Patent Facilitating Centre (PFC): The centre was set up under TIFAC to facilitate patent filing by Indian scientists, disseminate patent-related information and promote IPR awareness.
In addition to the aforementioned programmes, TIFAC also publishes technology-linked business-opportunity reports, helps organisations market their technologies/products and, in
general, provides a platform for technology sharing and commercialisation.

TIFAC has an extensive network within government units, non-government agencies and even outside the country. Its network extends to, but is not limited to, the following major players:
· Industry associations such as CII, FICCI, ASSOCHAM
· Government departments dealing with S&T (through Science & Technology Advisory CommitteesSTAC) and socioeconomic ministries aspects (through the Inter-Sectoral S&T Advisory
CommitteeIS-STAC)
· Corporate players and entrepreneurs
· Academic institutes and R&D agencies
· Financial institutions such as ICICI, RCTC and TDB
4.4.2.4 Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC)
·Pool of technology experts

·International agencies such as ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asia Nations), UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organisation), WAITRO (World Association of
Industrial and Technological Research Organisations), IATAFI (International Association for Technology Assessment and Forecasting Institutions), NTIS (National Technical Information
Service) and IIASA (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis).
TIFAC also initiated 'Special Linkages-Cum-Implementation Mechanism' (SLIM) with some agencies to carry out specific recommendations for action plans. SLIM has been established at
the National Aerospace Laboratories in Bangalore, the Central Scientific Instruments Organisation in Chandigarh and Rajasthan State Industrial Development and Institutional Corporation
Ltd.
4.4.2.5 Patent Facilitation Centre (PFC) 32
The Patent Facilitating Centre (PFC) PFC provides a single-window facility for servicing the patent-related needs of scientists and research institutes across India. The primary objectives of this initiative are the following:
was set up by DST under TIFAC to ·Providing support to scientists and technologists in filling patents (and associated procedures) in India and abroad
provide information, direction and ·Proper dissemination of information on patent-related issues
facilities for protection of ·Keeping track of developments in the IPR protection globally and assisting policy makers, researchers and the industry
intellectual property rights of ·Conducting workshops and seminars to create awareness about challenges and opportunities in the IP domain
innovators in India.
Facilities at PFC
Contact Details · Patent search facilities for Indian, US and European patents (CD-Rom, online and paper)
Patent Facilitating Centre · Database on Indian patent applications filed and applications accepted, which are open for opposition
Technology Information, Forecasting · Mechanism for obtaining full-text patent documents and patent searching elsewhere
& Assessment Council, · Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Bulletin
'A' Wing, Vishwakarma Bhavan,
Shaheed Jeet Singh Marg PFC also has a panel of patent attorneys from various parts of the country for assisting it in patent-related activities.
New Delhi 110016
Services offered by PFC
Website PFC provides technical, legal and financial assistance for filing of patents and post-patent activities for research funded by DST, any Indian university/educational institution or any other
http://www.pfc.org.in/index.htm central/state government department/agency. It provides free patent-search facilities to scientists, universities/educational institutions, government departments, whereas industry,
attorneys and public sector units need to pay a charge for availing this service.
Email
tifac@nda.vsnl.net.in
Phone
+91 11 2685 9581
+91 11 5569 2986
Fax
+91 11 2686 3866
32
Source: PFC
4.4.2.6 Nano Mission
With a view to encourage research Nano Mission has been developed to cater to the growing research need in the area of nanotechnology. Through this programme, the government has been able to promote the following
activities in the emerging field of activities :
nanotechnology, DST launched · Promoting research activities: The programme provides funding to scientists to pursue research in their respective areas of interest (related to nanotechnology) and also gives financial
Nano Mission in 2007. The current aids to industry-institution-based programmes.
mission is a succession of an earlier · Development of infrastructure: As research in nanotechnology requires high-tech equipment, DST has proposed setting up of modern research facilities across the country to enable
programme, Nano Science and researchers conduct full-scale, internationally-competitive research activities.
Technology Initiative (NSTI), started · Application of nanotechnology and related programmes: This programme focuses on the development of application-based technologies, i.e., innovation of products/devices that have
in 2001. some real-life applications. The programme is also promoting projects in collaboration with the industry to foster this kind of research.
· International partnerships: The programme organises seminars/workshops and visits for scientists to international conferences. At the same time, it aims to set up joint facilities at an
Contact Details international level to provide access to world-class infrastructure to Indian researchers.
Dr. V. Rao Aiyagari, · Training programmes for researchers: Nano Mission intends to focus on specialised training in fields related to nanotechnology and engineering sciences. For this purpose, the body
Mission Director (Nano Mission), aims to launch programmes such as Master of Science (M.Sc.), Doctoral and fellowships in various institutes of higher learning across India.
Department of Science and
Technology, Financial Support
Technology Bhavan, Nano Mission provides funding for various projects throughout the year. Financial support is given to individual scientists/group for research projects, establishing centres of excellence;
New Mehrauli Road, institution-industry linked projects and setting up of M.Sc./M.Tech., programmes in nanoscience and technology in government institutions. The duration of projects varies from 3 years to
New Delhi 110016 5 years. The funding also varies according to the need.
Website Details on R&D partnership with the private sector Following is a list of institute-industry collaborations:
http://nanomission.gov.in/ · Nano Functional Materials Centre IIT Madras and Murugappa Chettiar & Orchid Pharma
· Nano Technology Centre University of Hyderabad and Dr. Reddy's Labs
Email · Centre for Interactive & Smart Textiles IIT Delhi and ARCI Hyderabad & Textile Industry
venktesh@nic.in · Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology NIPER, Chandigarh catering to the pharmaceutical industry
· Rubber Nanocomposites MG University, Kottayam, and Apollo Tyres
Phone · Nanophosphor Application Centre University of Allahabad and Nanotech Corporation, USAz
+91 11 2696 3695
4.4.2.7 Fund for improvement of S&T infrastructure (FIST)
FIST, an initiative of DST, is a fund The main objectives of FIST are as follows:
committed towards improving the · Providing basic infrastructure to facilitate R&D activities
research infrastructure in S&T · Promoting R&D in frontier areas of technology
institutions across the country. · Attracting and cultivating fresh talent for research
Contact Details Eligibility for support All science, engineering, medical and agriculture departments in universities and other higher educational institutions having PG programmes (3 years in
Dr T Ramasami existence).
Secretary
Department of Science & Levels of Support
Technology · Level 1 This type of support is provided to departments (under the eligible institutions) that are relatively smaller, as compared to well-established centres of research. It includes a
Technology Bhawan, New Mehrauli moderate amount of funding to improve the quality of teaching and research in the institutes. The funding limit is INR 50 million for a period of 5 years.
Road · Level 2 Under this scheme, reputed departments with recognised research capabilities are funded for development of state-of-the-art infrastructure and maintaining good laboratory
New Delhi 110 016 practices for quality research. The funding limit under this programme is INR 100 million for a period of 5 years.
Website Recent initiatives DST has launched a special package for the development of research infrastructure in the north-eastern region (NER) of India. The package includes a grant of INR 700
http://www.fist-dst.org/index.asp million for a period of 5 years. The programme has the following components:
· Strengthening of S&T infrastructure for teaching and research
Email o Under this, DST plans to identify 50 colleges that have research potential and provide them with a grant of INR 5 million each for a period of 5 years.
dstsec@nic.in o Aid up to INR 150 million per university to upgrade its teaching facilities
o One-time support of INR 5 million (per university) to establish a system for uninterrupted power supply in universities
Phone o A total grant of INR 100 million for two institutions in a region to acquire hi-tech infrastructure such as SEM, NMR, Single Crystal Facility
+91 11 2656 7373
+91 11 2696 2819 ·Enhance knowledge sharing through visiting faculty and exchange programs This includes visiting faculties from institutes across India to come to NER for short-term assignments,
fellowships for researchers from NER to go and work in R&D labs outside the region and programmes to encourage faculty assistantships.
Fax ·Summer School/Winter School for UG & PG Students Grant for opening of summer/winter schools relevant to the region
+91 11 2686 4570/2418
Other initiatives include similar packages for Jammu & Kashmir and programmes for undergraduate support.
4.4.2.8 Science & Society Division (SSD)
SSD has been set up to support SSD, established under DST, aims to provide opportunities to motivated researchers and field workers to take up technology-oriented projects (especially in rural areas) for the benefit of
S&T-based NGOs/S&T the underprivileged. The programme aims to utilise the expertise of scientists working in various R&D labs for the development of appropriate technologies at the grass-root level. The
institutions/colleges/universities to primary objectives of this programme are as follows:
aid various projects at the grass-
root level throughout the country. ·To motivate NGOs and S&T organisations/institutions to take up grant-in-aid projects for solving location/occupation-based problems at the grass root level
·To stimulate adoption of appropriate technologies for improving the quality of life of people living in relatively less developed areas
Contact Details ·To help upgrade the skills of traditional artisans and facilitate their transition to S&T-based manufacturing centres
Dr. R. Saha ·To follow a bottom-up approach for achieving sustainable development across all the sections of the society
Adviser & Head
Science & Society Division Core programmes
Department of Science & ·S&T Application for Rural Development (STARD)
Technology ·S&T Application for Weaker Sections (STAWS)
Ministry of Science & Technology ·S&T For Women
Technology Bhavan, New Mehrauli ·Special Component Plan (SCP)
Road, ·Tribal Sub-Plan(TSP)
New Delhi 110 016 ·Scheme for Young Scientists (SYS-SS)
Website Major achievements and highlights of the programme

http://www.scienceandsociety- ·Replication of technology models (10 in number) by line-function departments such as the Council for Advancement of People's Action and Rural Technology (CAPART), Women and
dst.org/Aboutus.htm Child Development and Asian Pacific Centre for Technology Transfer (APCTT)
·Successful implementation of the food-security programme for Jarwas/Onges in Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Email ·Waste management programme for value addition and income generation for underprivileged classes
raghav@nic.in ·Replication of 10 rural technologies
·Creation of three women technology parks and four rural technology parks
Phone ·Development of solar photovoltaic-based electronic milk tester
+91 11 2685 9581 ·Development of modified filature for silk spinning
Fax
+91 11 2696 4793
4.4.3 Department of Scientific & Industrial Research (DSIR)34 The key initiatives undertaken by DSIR for R&D promotion and commercialisation are as follows:
DSIR, under the Ministry of Science and Technology, carries out activities for the promotion, development, Technology Promotion, Development and Utilisation (TDPU) programme
utilisation and transfer of indigenous technology. It promotes R&D in industry, supports scientific
laboratories and SMEs developing technologies with commercial potential and facilitates the transfer of The various initiatives under the TDPU are aimed at the promotion of R&D in the industry; development and
technology between various stakeholders by providing a formal platform. The organisational structure of commercialisation of technologies; acquisition, management and export of technology; fostering greater
DSIR is presented in Figure 10. domestic and international collaboration; information dissemination and e-governance initiatives, etc.
Following is a brief review of these programmes:
Figure 10: Organisational Structure of DSIR · Industrial R&D Promotion Programme (IRDPP) Under this programme, DSIR grants recognition to
the in-house R&D units of the industry as Scientific and Industrial Research Organisations (SIROs) and
registration to public-funded research institutions such as the IITs, IISc and NITs. Such institutions are
Department of Scientific and Industrial
Research (DSIR) eligible for various fiscal benefits as a direct reward for engaging in R&D.
· Technology Development and Innovation Programmes (TDIP) TDIP constitutes various
programmes, such as Technology Development and Demonstration Programme (TDDP), Technopreneur
Promotion Programme (TePP) and Fund for Accelerating Start-ups in Technology (FAST), explained in
TDPU Programme Autonomous Public Sector Administration and detail below.
Institutions Enteprises Finance
· Technology Management Programme (TMP) TMP seeks to provide technical inputs and support
mechanisms for efficient technology transfer and management.
· International Technology Transfer Programme (ITTP) ITTP seeks to facilitate international
TDIP technology transfer with India with a special focus on commercialisation of indigenously-developed
Consultancy Central technologies, services and technology-intensive products.
Development Electronics
Centre (CDC) Limited (CEL) · Consultancy Promotion Programme (CPP) The programme seeks to develop consultancy
TDDP TePP
capabilities of the nation at both domestic, as well as international levels.
IRDPP
· Technology Information and Facilitation Programme (TIFP) The broad goal of TIFP is to use
Council of National information and communication technologies to accelerate the pace of research in India.
ITTP TMP Scientific and Research
Industrial Development · Other Programs The Information Technology & e-Governance (IT-eG) unit seeks to enable an IT-enabled
Research Corporation
(CSIR) (NRDC) work environment through various e-governance initiatives. Applications for managing DSIR inventory,
CPP TIFP website development and maintenance, project monitoring, etc., have been developed under this
initiative. Further, the gender budgeting cell under the DSIR has established Technology Development
TDUPW IT-eG and Utilisation Programme for Women (TDUPW), following directions from the finance ministry that
Source : DSIR Website
mandated enhanced share for women in the various beneficiary-oriented schemes.
34
Source: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research
Technology transfer
Technology transfer is one of the key engagement areas of DSIR. The department has established networks
with international organisations such as UNCTAD, WIPO, UNIDO, UNESCAP and UNESCO in areas of
technology development and transfer. The department is keen to promote efficient technology
management for protection of intellectual rights and generation of revenues through these technologies.
TMP, ITTP and APCTT are the three institutions working towards technology transfer and management
under DSIR.
Other Initiatives
Further, DISR plays a key role in the functioning of the Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology
(APCTT), which facilitates technology transfer in the Asia Pacific region. The Consultancy Development
Centre (CDC) seeks to develop the state of domestic consultancy by providing information services on
consultancy expertise in various industrial sectors, carrying out studies in consultancy and conducting
training programmes to impart consulting skills.
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) under DSIR is a network of national laboratories
and academic institutes with the mandate to undertake R&D projects under different disciplines of S&T
with a focus on applied research and technology utilisation. The National Research Development
Corporation (NRDC) acts as a nodal platform for technology transfer and commercialisation in the country.
4.4.3.1 Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
CSIR is a premium industrial R&D CSIR, founded in 1942, is an autonomous body registered under the Societies Act of 1860 and is considered as one of the world's largest publicly-funded R&D organisations. It has strong
body under the Department of academic and industrial linkages and good relations with other R&D institutes. CSIR has 38 laboratories (5 physical science, 7 chemical science, 11 biological science, 13 engineering
Scientific and Industrial Research science and 2 information science) and 39 outreach centres (experimental survey field stations).
(DSIR). It aims to provide a strong
technology base for various sectors Some key headquarter divisions of CSIR in the areas of planning, technology transfer, business development and IP are detailed below.
through innovative research
activities. R&D Planning Division
This division is the central part of CSIR and is involved in planning the various projects within the organisation. It decides upon the targets for CSIR, which are then distributed among
Contact Details various research labs. The broad activities and functions include the following:
CSIR · Interaction with the government and the Planning Commission
Anusandhan Bhawan, · Preparation of Annual and Five Year plans
2 Rafi Marg, · Appraising the R&D plans of laboratories
New Delhi 110001 · New idea funding
India · Reviewing and allocating funds to laboratories
· Formulation, approval, coordination and monitoring of national laboratories, S&T plan projects/programmes
Website
CSIR The Technology Networking and Business Development (TNBD) Division
This division of CSIR runs a programme called the New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative (NMITLI), which is the largest public-private-partnership programme in R&D
Email (Director General) aimed at placing India in a leadership position by best utilising the capabilities of government-funded R&D organisations, academia and the private sector. More than 42 R&D projects
sckalra@csir.res.in ; have been undertaken by this division at an estimated cost of INR 3 billion. The projects under the scheme go through two levels of monitoring and evaluations. The first level check is
dgcsir@csir.res.in ; dg@csir.res.in internal, while the second level monitoring is done by an external monitoring committee, which reviews the project progress, assesses the developments impacting the project, suggests
any revision in the project and suggests on issues related to publications and property rights. TNBD is responsible for promoting the services and knowledgebase of CSIR and also
Switchboard interfaces with national level industry associations, agencies and financial institutions.
+91 11 2371 0138/0144, Some of the major objectives of TNBD are as follows:
+91 11 2371 0158/0468 · Forging knowledge alliances
· Technology transfer and R&D-based services
· Providing guidelines for technology transfer
International Science and Technology Affairs Division (ISTAD)

ISTAD works towards encouraging bilateral cooperation in the areas of R&D. It manages requests and enquiries from foreign institutes/organisation with CSIR. The areas open for
bilateral cooperation include aerospace, healthcare, pollution monitoring, electronics, materials, chemicals, food processing and energy. The division has had bilateral cooperation with
several countries, such as Australia, Belarus, China, France, Germany, Hungary, Myanmar, Nepal, Portugal, Russia, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Thailand and Vietnam.
Intellectual Property Management Division

This division is responsible for advising in all matters pertaining to IP protection. It is the largest filer of patents in India, nationally and internationally, with 655 foreign and 169 Indian
patents filed in 200607. The division performs the following major activities:
· IP protection
· Securing IP rights for CSIR's innovations
· Maintaining a Patent Information System
· Safeguarding IP rights
· Enhancing awareness on IP

Some of the important collaborations of CSIR have been listed below.
· CSIR signed an MOU with Alcoa to address critical global issues such as energy efficiency, alternative and renewable energy sources, environmental technologies and multi-material
engineered solutions.
· AMPRI Bhopal signed an MOU with General Motors India Science Lab., Bangalore, to conduct research in the area of materials science, and computer modelling and design.
· An MoU was signed between AMPRI Bhopal and HEG Ltd, Mandideep, Madhya Pradesh, to work collectively on the development of newer carbonaceous materials, products and
processes.
· CIMAP Lucknow and Shriram Institute for Industrial Research (SRI), New Delhi, signed an MoU to conduct collaborative research in biological and herbal products quality standards.
· An MOU was signed in 2007 between Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad and CMERI Durgapur for exchange of experts and academia.
· An MoU was signed between North Western University, Evanston, USA and CMERI, Durgapur, for the development of microsystems-manufacturing technologies.
· CEERI Pilani signed an MoU with BITS, Pilani, for academic and research activities.
· IIIT Pune signed an MoU with CEERI Pilani to collaborate on projects relating to information and communication technology.
· CEERI Pilani collaborated with Aligarh Muslim University in the areas of nanotechnology, microsystems technology, VLSI design, electronic communication systems and networks.
· CRRI, New Delhi signed an MoU with Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) on landslide disasters and culture of road safety in disaster-prone areas of India.
· ITRC Lucknow signed an MoU with AMITY University (Amity School of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development) for sharing and pooling of resources towards research and
training, industrial development and for societal projects.
· NISTADS New Delhi entered into an MoU with the Institute of Policy and Management (IPM) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) to jointly conduct research on science,
technology and development policy.
· NISTADS New Delhi signed an MoU with Faculty of Art and Design (FADA), University of Johannesburg, South Africa with an objective “To conduct studies on selected
groups/communities with a view to understanding and delineating the traditional systems of knowledge bases and the possibilities to blend these knowledge systems with modern
scientific and technological systems”.
· NCL Pune and Dupont, USA signed a research alliance agreement to focus on new market facing technologies.
·NCL Pune and Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) collaborated to strengthen scientific and technical capabilities. The areas of cooperation include functional
organicmaterials, photonic polymers and hybrid materials.
·NGRI, Hyderabad, and Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) entered into an agreement with Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway,
to improve secondary recovery of oil from Indian oil fields operated by ONGC.
·NPL, New Delhi and National Physical Laboratory Teddington, U.K. signed an MoU to collaborate in the field of Metrology.
Funding Mechanism
CSIR is funded by the Government of India.
4.4.3.2 National Research Development Corporation (NRDC)
NRDC, a public sector enterprise run NRDC focuses on promoting the development of marketable technologies in close association with industry and national R&D institutions through flexible funding schemes. The key
under the administration of the activities, including promotion, development and commercialisation of technoloZgies, have been explained in detail below.
Department of Scientific and · Commercial Activities: NRDC provides support to commercialise laboratory know-how and scale up laboratory processes. It enables the execution of turnkey projects based on
Industrial Research (DSIR), was indigenous technologies and provides licenses to adopt these technologies globally. It also licenses foreign know-how to Indian companies and assists licensee companies in export
established in 1953 with the and marketing of their products.
objective to develop and promote · Promotional Activities: The association awards commendable inventions and provides support to patent novel ideas of institutions/universities. It also works for the development,
transfer of technologies emanating promotion and commercialisation of certain rural technologies. Moreover, it helps inventors/organisations patent their new products abroad.
from various national R&D · Propagation of Information: NRDC propagates information on Indian and foreign technologies through various mediums, such as exhibitions, training programmes and periodicals.
institutions.
It also provides other value-added services such as technology evaluation, techno-commercial support, assessment of product potential, project financing and angel funding. It also
Contact Details encourages the participation of women entrepreneurs in the field of science and technology through specific development programmes.
20-22, Zamroodpur Community
Center, Bilateral collaboration and interaction with other players
Kailash Colony Extension, NRDC has well-developed networks with various scientific and industrial communities globally for the commercialisation of know-how developed in their laboratories. The institutions in
New Delhi 110048 this network are NRDC's primary source of marketable technologies.
· The corporation has formal arrangements with many of the major R&D organisations in the country. These include government organisations (CSIR, DRDO and ICMR); research and
Website development laboratories funded by the central and state governments; industry associations; academic and research institutions (IITs, IIMs, AIIMS) and various public/private sector
NRDC India; companies.
DSIR · Please refer to www.nrdcindia.com/tech-src.htm for a complete list of collaborations/associations of NRDC.
Email Funding mechanism

write2@nrdc.in; nrdc@vsnl.com NRDC receives grants-in-aid from the Government of India (GOI) to develop, promote and commercialise indigenously developed technologies. Further, the organisation arranges
complimentary finance for further development through venture capital funds, PATSER, TIFAC and TDB.
Switchboard
+91 11 2641 9904 Key areas of research
+91 11 2641 7821 ·Chemicals, drugs and pharmaceuticals
+91 11 2648 0767 ·Food, agro-processing and biotechnology
+91 11 2643 2627 ·Metallurgy and building materials
·Electronics and instrumentation
·Manufacturing techniques and utility processes
4.4.3.3 Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology (APCTT)
Asian and Pacific Centre For APCTT aspires to bring together researchers, entrepreneurs, governments and business owners (especially SMEs), and build a synergetic environment for efficient transfer of technologies
Transfer Of Technology (APCTT), a across nations in Asia Pacific. The programme aims to become the hub of technology transfer and foster innovation system across the region. Its main areas of focus include the following:
body of United Nations Economic · Technology information
and Social Commission for Asia and · Technology transfer
the Pacific (UNESCAP), facilitates · Tech-entrepreneurship development
technology co-operation and · Innovation management
transfer in the Asia Pacific region.
The institute was established in Key activities
1977 and has its headquarters in Technology-transfer services: The service includes providing relevant information on commercially-viable technologies, available investors/funding for small and medium enterprises.
New Delhi. It also conducts support activities such as market research/estimates, technology evaluation and commercialisation studies, and feasibility of the project vis-à-vis the market conditions. It
also helps the innovators get much-needed financial aid through venture capitalists and angel funding.
Contact Details Promotional mechanisms: The body has collaborations with business consultants, industry associations and technology arbitrators across the region to facilitate effective technology
#C-2, APCTT Building Qutab transfer. It maintains a technology database (updated daily) wherein interested parties can search for newly-available technologies. It also conducts business conferences, workshops,
Institutional Area seminars and publishes technology-transfer periodicals, which are circulated in 70 countries across the globe.
Hauz Khas Search for technology partners (Buyer/Seller): APCTT facilitates networking of innovators and firms/VCs interested in acquiring the posted technologies through its online portal. A
Delhi –110 0016 list of technology offers/requests can found at
Technology offers – http://www.technology4sme.net/TechOffer/techmarketplace.aspx
Website Technology requests –http://www.technology4sme.net/TechRequest/techmarketplace.aspx
APCTT
Email Recent activities/events35

Dr. Krishnamurthy Ramanathan, · January 2008 (Venue – India): Regional Stakeholders’ Meeting “Promotion of the Technology Transfer Network for Small and Medium-Scale Enterprises in the Asia-Pacific Region:
Head Achievements and Future Directions”
kramanathan@apctt.org · March 2008 (Venue – India): Workshop for senior Indian R&D Managers on “Valorisation of Research and Development (R&D)”
· March 2008 (Venue – China): China National Workshop on Grassroots Innovation
Switchboard
+91 11 2651 6078
35
Source: APCTT
4.4.3.4 Technology Management Program (TMP)
Technology Management In today's world, understanding a technology to harness its commercial potential has become a major challenge. To cater to this problem the TMP has been set up with an objective of
Programme of DSIR aims at the improving the technology-management potential in India. It works in partnership with research organisations, government, as well as private bodies and academic institutes for promoting
development of skills for effective awareness in technology issues. The body carries out the following activities:
management and transfer of · The division provides assistance in the smooth transfer of technologies.
technology. · It conducts target-based research studies and helps the government in policy formation.
· It assists in the setting up of resource centres to promote industry-academia interaction.
Contact Details · It works towards spreading information on issues related to technology management through newsletters, manuals and portals.
Ms. Jyoti S A Bhat · The division also works towards providing guidance on technology management matters through trainings, conferences and awareness programmes.
Scientist 'G' · It also works towards developing MoUs with academic institutions to invoke their interest and participation in this field.
Technology Management Program
Department of Scientific & Industrial Key projects(ongoing/completed)
Research TMP has carried out various projects, such as the following :
Technology Bhawan, New Mehrauli · Technology development and analytical studies
Road · Technology & innovation on management studies
New Delhi 110016 · Research and Policy Studies
· Newsletters/Information dissemination
Website · Training Programmes/Workshops/Seminars/Lectures/Students' Paper Contest on Technology Management
http://dsir.nic.in/tpdup/tmp/tmp.htm For a complete list and details of programmes under each head, please visit http://dsir.nic.in/tpdup/tmp/010407-.htm
Email Past Achievements

jsabhat@nic.in The division has been successful in creating awareness in the field of technology management among various organisations/academia. Few of its achievements are as follows:
· It developed case studies (40 in number) and knowledge modules in the field of technology management.
Phone · It has organised more than 150 training programmes in areas such as innovation management and technology transfer.
+91 11 2696 0098 · It set up centres at locations across India for institute-industry interaction.
· Launched portals (three), newsletters and research reports propagation of knowledge and basic know-how.
4.4.3.5 Technology Development and Innovative Programme
The Technology Development and Technology Development and Demonstration Program (TDDP)
Innovation Programme of CSIR
comprises three modules, namely The primary objective behind this programme is to encourage the development of indigenous technologies, and adopting and adapting imported technologies suiting Indian needs. To
Technology Development and foster research within the country, the programme conducts joint assignments between industry and central research organisations. The main highlights of TDDP are the following:
Demonstration Programme (TDDP), · The department provides funding support for REED (research, development, design and engineering) projects in collaboration with industry players.
Technopreneur Promotion · DSIR provides financial support for the initial stages of the project, such as prototype development, testing and evaluation; however once the project takes off, the industry takes
Programme and TDDP start-ups. charge and propels it utilising its own resources.
· DSIR provides incentives to projects under this scheme in the form of customs duty exemptions on components/equipments required for R&D projects supported under TDDP.
Contact Details
TDDP Technopreneur Promotion Programme (TePP) TePP (DSIR and DST's common programme) aims to support emerging entrepreneurs through the incubation of their ideas and financial
Ms Sreedevi Ravindran aid. The programme has been divided into the following two phases:
Scientist 'G' and Head (TPDU) · Phase 1
DSIR, Technology Bhawan, · Micro Technopreneurship Support: Under this category, financial support is provided to micro-budget innovations. After the screening of applications, the selected projects are funded
New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 16 to prove functionality of the idea/patenting purposes or developing a laboratory model. Maximum financial support provided under this category is INR 75,000, subject to 90 percent
of project cost.
Phone +91 11 2656 5329 · TePP Project Fund: Under this category, an innovator can apply for funding to transform an original idea into a working prototype. The maximum amount of funding provided under this
Fax +91 11 2651 6078 scheme is INR 1.5 million, subject to 90 percent of project cost.
Email srv@nic.in
·Phase 2
TePP ·Supplementary TePP Fund: Successful projects from phase 1 are eligible for additional funding to improve the quality/features of the innovation. Maximum financial aid provided in
Dr A S Rao, Scientist 'G' this stage is INR 750,000,subject to 90 percent of project cost.
DSIR, Technology Bhawan, ·Seamless Scale-up Support for TePP: Projects that have completed phase 1 productively are entitled for further grants under this scheme. Under this module, the department provides
New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 16 funding for adding more features and limited production, etc. The maximum amount of financial aid for this is limited to INR 4.5 million, subject to 50 percent of project cost.
Fax +91 11 2696 0629
Email: asrao@nic.in TDDP Start-ups
DSIR has initiated a new scheme (Fund for Accelerating Start-ups in Technology) aiming at speedy growth of new enterprises in the country. The programme facilitates the creation of
TDDP start-ups technology start-ups by providing the much needed risk capital. It targets commercialisation of originally-conceived intellectual properties and help scale up their
Head (TDDP-START-Ups), manufacturing/operations. The capital is provided to meet certain basic expenditures, such as patenting, trial and testing costs, and running costs such as raw material, basic
DSIR, Technology Bhawan, hardware/software tools and components for prototype.
New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 16
Email
Asrao@nic.in
4.4.3.6 Consultancy Promotion Programme (CPP)
DSIR has implemented 'Promotion CPP has been launched to promote consultancy services in diverse areas, such as the following:
and Support to Consultancy ·Consultancy services (CS) for export of indigenously-developed projects/technologies and setting up joint ventures abroad,and commercialisation of viable ideas
Services' with an aim to strengthen ·CS for the development of linkages between industry and academia
consultancy services in R&D across ·CS for promoting inward/outward FDI in the field of technology
various technology domains. ·CS for emerging technologies, which are of national interest
Contact Details Promotional Activities

Consultancy Promotion Program · Consultancy Development Centre: With support from DSIR, a consultancy-development centre has been set up to foster the growth of consultancy professionals in India. The main
Ministry of Science & Technology activities carried out by CDC include looking out for the possibility of extending consultancy services to African and Latin American nations such as Argentina, Brazil and Columbia,
Department of Scientific & managing post graduate programmes in consultancy management in collaboration with Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani.
Industrial Research
Technology Bhawan, New Mehrauli ·Support to domestic/international consultancies: The division also provides support to consultancy organisations for conducting research in various industry sectors in India and
Road abroad. The reports so developed are properly documented and stored for further dissemination of information. DSIR, along with ESCAP, has started the 'Technical Consultancy
New Delhi 110016 Development Programme for Asia and the Pacific' (TCDPAP) to develop international ties in technical consulting domain. Other measures for strengthening consulting services include
the following:
Phone o Enhancing consulting capabilities
+91 11 2651 8103 o Providing consulting support to small and medium enterprises
+91 11 2659 0404 o Documentation of experience/know-how for training purposes
Fax o Exporting consulting services internationally
+91 11 2696 0629
+91 11 2651 8103
Email
Rajkumar@nic.in Z
4.4.3.7 Technology Information Facilitation Programme (TIFP)
The Technology Information and TIFP aims to utilise information and communication technologies to assist the scientific research community. The programme facilitates the development of infrastructure (data bases,
Facilitation Programme has been set online journals and research reports) to make the required information available on the click of a button. The main objectives of this programme are as follows:
up by DSIR to develop digital · To make use of indigenous resources (human and infrastructure) for content development
information resources to aid science · Building up of information resources and networks to facilitate quick and easy access/sharing
and technology research in India. · Development of online content to support education, training and research activities
· Mapping of R&D activities in India to international trends
Contact Details
Ms. S Ravindran Key Strategies
Advisor and Scientist 'G' · Aiding content development: TIF conducts training programmes and workshops covering all areas of content development, i.e., technical knowledge, design and methodology, etc. It
Monitoring and Coordination Cell carries out assessment studies to identify priority areas for content development.
Department of Scientific & Industrial · Promotion of information sharing: Most of the organisations/institutes conducting research in India maintain their respective databases and knowledge libraries. TIF aims to promote
Research online information sharing among different institutes to improve access to information.
Technology Bhawan, · Knowledge management: TIF provides information support to researchers and scientists through the collection and compilation of content on science and technology research across
New Mehrauli Road the globe.
New Delhi 110016 · E-publishing of journals and research reports: The programme aims to selectively e-publish some of the Indian research journals to improve the readership and provide greater
exposure to the world market.
Website · Reports on Industry trends: A number of reports on industrial trends have been published by DSIR and it continues to invite proposals for updating the outdated ones and preparing
http://dsir.nic.in/tpdup/tifp/tifp.htm new ones.
Email Project proposals and Funding Mechanism

srv@nic.in DSIR invites proposals from research/academic institutions under the state/central government, industry associations, registered professional societies, public sector companies and
institutions incorporated under the Companies Act to conduct research projects in the areas important for national development. The approved projects receive funding as per the rules
Phone laid down by DSIR. The list of projects (till date) supported under this programme is available at http://dsir.nic.in/tpdup/tifp/tifplop.htm
+91 11 2656 5329
4.4.4 Department of Space (DoS) R&D Activities and Scientific Services

The Department of Space oversees all aspects of India's space programmefrom the development of space The major activities of the department are as follows:
technologies and mounting space missions to the utilisation of space technologies for common-social · Satellite Systems and Launch Platforms This includes various activities, such as communication and
benefit. The Indian Space Research Agency (ISRO) is the nodal agency for India's space exploration meteorological satellite systems, earth observation systems (which have six operational remote-
program. The organisational structure of the DoS is illustrated in Figure 11. sensing satellites), scientific observations and various launch platforms, such as Polar Satellite Launch
Vehicle (PSLV) and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).
Figure 11: Organisational Structure of DoS · Application of Space Technology Significant success has been achieved in applying the technological
advancement space programme for social benefits. A few such programmes are Village Resource
Centres (VRCs), EDUSAT, GRAMSAT programmes and Telemedicine. VRCs provide the villages with
Department of Space
information on healthcare, weather, land and water resources management, mitigation of impact of
natural disasters, etc. The EDUSAT programme is a dedicated system designed for education, while
Physical Research National Remote Indian Space Research National MST Radar
National Natural the GRAMSAT programme focuses on rural connectivity for e-governance and education.
Laboratory (PRL), Sensing Agency Organisation (ISRO), Resource Management
(NSRA), Hyderabad Bangalore Facility, Gandaki System (NNRMS), · University Research DoS promotes academia linkages at university level in the field of space science.
Ahmadabad
Bangalore
Six Space Technology Cells (STCs) have been set up across IITs, IISc and University of Pune to increase
Vikram Sarabhai Space the industry-academia collaboration. The Sponsored Research Programme (RESPOND) under ISRO is
Centre (VSSC), Satish Dhawan Space Centre
Tiruvananthapuram (SHAR), Sriharikota
another initiative whereby financial support is provided to various universities and other academic
institutions in India.
ISRO Telemetry Tracking ISRO Satellite Centre,
and Command Network Bangalore International Collaboration and Industry Partnerships
The Department of Space also promotes collaboration in various space-related activities with different
Development and countries. India has numerous MoUs and agreements for collaborative research technology for the
Liquid Propulsion Systems Educational Communication
Centres Unit, Ahmadabad development of space programmes. ISRO, being the nodal agency of DoS, is involved in many such
partnerships.
INSAT Master Control ISRO Intertial Systems Unit,
Facility, Hassan Tiruvananthapuram
ISRO and other agencies of DoS are increasingly relying on private industries for supplying various types of
Space Applications Centre,
Ahmedabad components for its space programmes. Major spacecraft components, such as solar panels and batteries,
pulsating heat pipes for thermal control are being sourced from external vendors. Industry is also involved
Note: This flowchart is indicative and not a complete representation of all organisations under DoS
in the production of systems such as optical solar reflectors, precision components for array deployment,
Source: DST Website
cryo-refrigerator for cooling thermal infrared detectors and electronic components and liquid propulsion
systems.
Technology Transfer and Commercialisation

In the year 200607, ISRO transferred seven technologies to the industry. Examples of transferred
technologies are high temperature resins, vibration isolators and adhesive systems for use as sealants and
potting compounds, Vinyl Terminated Poly Dimethyl Siloxane (VT-PDMS), Bismaleimide resin (BIM-1000),
and Thermal Pads and Acramid, the latter being a type of dental composite.
ISRO has also signed MoUs with the industry for the development of specific technologies, such as
polyimide foam production, silica tiles processing facility and satellite-based Internet protocol interactive
system. Some technologies were also identified as having the potential for transfer, such as device for
inspection of flat honeycomb sandwich panels, holography testing apparatus and remote-operated
fastening system.
DoS has also provided technical consultancy services on various technologies related to Doppler Weather
Radar (DWR) systems, remote sensing applications for survey of land suitable for wind farms, land use and
land cover change detection studies, etc. Antrix Corporation, the marketing arm of ISRO earns revenues by
commercialising various products and services of ISRO.
4.4.4.1 Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
ISRO was established in 1972 to The Indian Space Research Organisation, under the Department of Space, Government of India, is a premier Indian agency for research in space technologies. The main objectives of the
develop space technology and space programme include the development of the following:
utilise the technical achievements · Satellites
for national benefit. · Launch Vehicles
· Sounding Rockets
Contact Details · Associated Ground Systems
ISRO Headquarters
Antariksh Bhavan, ISRO’s primary programmes are the following:
New BEL Road · Indian National Satellite System (INSAT): This system is being used for applications in telecommunication, television, search and rescue, meteorology and radio networking.
Bangalore – 560 094, · Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) System: The system has applicability in resource survey and management under the National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS).
INDIA · Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS): These systems provide valuable scientific data.
· Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV): They are the launch platform for the various satellite systems.
Website
ISRO ISRO has several supporting institutions and facilities (also under the Department of Space), which assist in its R&D initiatives. Some of them are listed below.
·Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Thiruvananthapuram
Email ·Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), Dehra Dun
info@isro.gov.in ·Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmadabad
·National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Hyderabad
Phone ·Space Physics Laboratory (SPL), Tiruvananthapuram
+91 80 2341 5275 ·Space Applications Centre (SAC), Ahmadabad
·ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC), Bangalore
·National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL), Gadanki
·Sponsored Research Programme (RESPOND) It is an initiative of ISRO and seeks to financially support R&D conducted in the fields of space science, space technology and space
application in universities and academic institutions in India. Research proposals by non-academic R&D institutions may also be considered under this programme. For increasing
ISRO-academia linkage, ISRO has established 6 Space Technology Cells across IITs, IISc and University of Pune.
4.4.4.1 Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

· Since ISRO’s inception, it has been collaborating with International agencies for the development of space technologies.
· ISRO operates LUT (Launch Umbilical Tower)/ MCC (Mission Control Centre) with international collaboration under the COSPAS/SARSAT Programme for Search and Rescue.
· It sponsors and participates in international scientific campaigns such as IGBP, CAWSES and IHY.
· ISRO has signed MoUs with Australia, Brazil, Brunei, Canada, China, EUMETSAT, European Space Agency (ESA), France, Germany, Hungary, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mauritius,
Mongolia, Myanmar, the Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Russia, Sweden, Thailand, UK, Ukraine, US and Venezuela.
· An agreement has been signed between Government of India and Government of the Russian Federation to allow India access to navigation signals of the Russian Global Navigation
Satellite System (GLONASS). ISRO and the Federal Space Agency of Russia have also agreed upon joint collaboration on an experimental satellite called YOUTHSAT.
· ISRO and the Israel Space Agency (ISA) are also collaborating on various space technologies.
· With financial aid from the United Nations, ISRO has set up a Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in Asia and the Pacific (CSSTE-AP).
· Various ISRO projects, such as the setting up of the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS), operations of Satellite Telecommunication Experiments Project (STEP),
Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE), launches of the satellites – Aryabhata, Bhaskara, APPLE, IRS-IA and IRS-IB was accomplished in collaboration with international
agencies.
· ISRO has a robust network with the Indian industry. In the year 2007, technologies on electro-mechanical, chemical and optics, hardware to specialised software were transferred to
the industry.
· The organisation has research relationships with premier academic institutes in India. Space Technology Cells (STCs) have been established at IIT Mumbai, IIT Kanpur, IIT Kharagpur
and IIT Chennai, and Indian Institute of Science (IISc). ISRO has undertaken collaborative research with the University of Pune on various disciplines of space science.
· It has initiated the Sharing of Experience in Space (SHARES), under which training on different space technologies will be imparted to scientists from other developing countries.
· ISRO has also been hosting international conferences on space technologies.
· Funding Mechanism
· ISRO receives central government funding for all its activities and initiatives. Its budgetary allocation for the financial year 2007–08 is approximately INR 130 million.
· Antrix Corp., the marketing arm of ISRO, also earns revenues by the sale of various technologies and services to other nations.

All aspects of space science and technology are researched at the various facilities of the Department of Science, including ISRO. In addition, ISRO also has interests in the following
related areas:
· Climate and environmental change
· Aeronomy and Upper Atmosphere
· Astronomy and Astrophysics
4.4.4.2 Antrix Corporation Limited
Antrix Corporation Limited is the Antrix is the primary source for all the user requirements in the field of Space Science and Technology, with a vast outlay of resources and activities. The key activities of Antrix
commercial arm of the Department Corporation include promotion, development and consultancy on products and services in the space and ground segments. The various services provided by Antrix are as follows:
of Space, Government of India. It
was established in 1992 with the ·Operational Space Services: These include space communication services from INSAT series of satellites and earth observation services.
objective of promoting and ·Space Communication Systems and Software: Such services involve designing, development, fabrication and testing of complete spacecraft with communication/multipurpose
commercialising products and payloads or a combination of both, as per requirements.
services from the Indian Space ·Remote Sensing Systems and Software: These include designing, development, fabrication and testing of the complete spacecraft with remote sensing payloads.
Programme. ·Spacecraft Systems and Sub-system: They offer various satellite systems and sub-systems, such as communication systems, control systems, spacecraft mechanisms,
structure/spacecraft bus and thermal control sub-systems.
Contact Details ·Launch Services: These include services for different launch vehicles with varied payload capability options.
Antrix Complex ·Other services include establishment and supply of ground systems testing and laboratory facilities, mission support and training, consultancy and other allied services.
New BEL Road,
Bangalore 560 094 Bilateral Collaborations and Interactions with other Players
India · Antrix Corporation has access to the resources of Indian Space Research Organisation and the Department of Space. It has an agreement with Space Imaging (US) for the marketing of
Indian Remote Sensing Satellite data products and services. It also has collaborative deals with Euromap GmbH, Arianespace and French space agencies such as CNES.
Website
Antrix ·The organisation has been successful in marketing space-technology products to a host of countries. It has sold satellites, systems and sub-systems to companies such as Hughes
Space and Communication (USA), Matra Marconi Space (France), DLR (Germany) and MELCO (Japan); launch services to KAIST (Korea), DLR (Germany), Verhaert (Belgium) consulting
Email services to Oil and Natural Gas Corp. (India), Indian Oil Corp. and some other services to PANAMSAT and World Space.
info@antrix.gov.in
Funding Mechanism
Phone : · Being a marketing arm of ISRO, it receives funding from the Government of India. In addition, it also earns revenues from various companies and industry associations.
+91 80 2341 6273
+91 80 2341 6274
+91 80 2341 5474
4.4.4.3 Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)
PRL is a premiere research institute The PRL is a unit of the Department of Space (DoS), Government of India. It carries out fundamental research in select areas of scientific disciplines such as the following:
in India and was founded in 1947 by ·Space and Atmospheric Sciences
Dr. Vikram Sarabhai who is regarded ·Solar Physics
as the father of the Indian Space ·Astronomy and Astrophysics
Programme. ·Earth and Planetary Sciences
·Theoretical Physics
Contact Details ·Planetary Science and Exploration
Navrangpura,
Ahmedabad - 380 009, PRL has many laboratory facilities for conducting research, such as Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometer, Stable Isotope Mass Spectrometer, Rare Gas Mass spectrometer, Radio Carbon
India Dating and Infrared telescope, etc. The institute also manages a solar observatory.
Website Bilateral Collaboration and Interaction with other Players

PRL PRL is deeply engaged in the various aspects of the Indian space programme and works in tandem with the other institutions under DoS. It has limited interaction with players outside the
space programme (ISRO being the nodal agency for space collaboration). A few activities wherein PRL is part of global efforts are mentioned below.
Email · PRL offers a Post-Graduate Course in Space Science every alternate year at the Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in Asia and the Pacific (CSSTEAP) under the aegis
director@prl.ernet.in of the United Nations
info@prl.res.in
Funding Mechanism
Phone PRL is funded by the DoS. Its budget for the FY 2007 (ending March 31, 2007) was INR 299 million.
+91 79 2630 2129,
+91 79 2630 2223-6 Key Areas of Research
In addition to research in the broad scientific disciplines mentioned above, PRL also conducts research in the following fields:
· Gravitation and Cosmology
· Particle Physics
· Nuclear, Atomic and Molecular Physics
· Nonlinear Dynamics
· Quantum Optics and Quantum Information
4.4.5 Department of Biotechnology (DBT)13 bio-pesticides and crop management, animal biotechnology and aquaculture.
The Department of Biotechnology was established in 1986 with an aim to promote modern biology and · Plant and Medical Biotechnology Areas of research in plant biotechnology are plant tissue culture, bio-
biotechnology in India. The two apex level committeesthe Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC-DBT) and prospecting and molecular taxonomy, bio fuels, and medicinal and aromatic plants. Vaccines,
Standing Advisory Committee (Overseas) (SAC-O)review the progress of ongoing projects and propose diagnostics and drug development form the core research areas in medical biotechnology.
research on emerging areas of biotechnology. Figure 12 depicts the organisational structure of DBT. · Human Genetics and Genome Analysis Many schemes have been initiated in the fields of functional
genomics, human genome diversity, gene therapy, microbial and computational genomics, bio-
computing, DNA micro array facilities, proteomics, etc
Figure 12: Organisational Structure of DBT
Certain other areas of research within DBT include seri-biotechnology, stem cell, food biotechnology and
environmental biotechnology.
Minister of Science and
Technology
International R&D Collaborations
DBT has signed agreements and MoUs with strategic partners, such as Australia, Canada, Finland, France
Secretary, DBT Germany, the UK, Norway, Switzerland and the US. A few examples of recent international collaborations
of DBT are provided below.
· An agreement has been signed between the National AIDS Research Institute (NARI) and the
SAC - DBT SAC - O
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) with the department of biotechnology (DBT) for developing
the AIDS vaccine.
BRPC Task Force · DBT has signed an MoU each with Agriculture & Agri-Food, Canada and the National Research
Council, Canada.
· Canadian experts are providing critical technical inputs in the planning of the proposed Agri-Food
Administration Scientific Groups Integrated Finance cluster at Mohali, Punjab. The cluster will include the National Agri-Food Biotech Institute (NABI), a
Bio-processing Unit (BPU)both are planned as autonomous institutions of DBTand an agri-biotech park
Source: Department of Biotechnology for start-ups that will come into existence through public private partnership.
· India and Australia have collaborated and invested INR 223 million each, to conduct research on
The Biotechnology Research Promotion Committee (BRPC) under DBT undertakes the task of considering,
biomedical devices and implants, stem cells, vaccines and diagnostics transgenic crops, etc., for three
recommending and reviewing major inter-disciplinary project proposals with a budget of over INR 100
years.
million. In addition, various task forces comprising eminent scientists assist the department in formulating
policy and decision making to promote biotechnology in India. DBT also involves various institutions in
research on biotechnology, which have been detailed in the Appendix-3.
Research Disciplines
· Basic Research DBT supports basic research with the aim to develop insights into basic biological
processes; develop applications in protein engineering, drug and molecular design; identify potential
molecules for the development of vaccines and develop diagnostic for infectious diseases.
· Agriculture The agricultural research is concentrated in the areas of crop biotechnology, bio-fertilisers,
Technology Patenting, Transfer and Commercialisation and intellectual property (IP) management, technology acquisition and technology forecasting services.
The Biotechnology Patent Facilitating Cell (BPFC) under DBT is responsible for spreading awareness related ·Centres of Excellence (COE) have been set up by DBT at various institutes across India to focus on key
to IPR issues among scientists in India and facilitating the filing of Indian and international patents for areas of biotechnology research. DBT has been supporting eight COEs until now. It plans to set up as
scientists. It provides financial supports for the establishment of Intellectual Property Management and many as 50 centres of excellence in the next five years.
Technology Transfer Offices (IPM&TTO) in state-and central-government-funded universities and
institutions to facilitate the protection of intellectual property of these institutions and subsequent Other Initiatives
commercialisation to earn revenues. · Biotechnology Information System (BTIS) BTIS is the first network in the world to establish virtual
private network (VPN) of broadband connectivity among various Bioinformatics centres in India and the
Technologies developed at institutes under DBT are in various stages of commercialisation. Some high performance national computing facility at IIT Delhi. The network connects more than 60
technologies have been launched commercially, some have been transferred but not yet launched, while institutes, such as the various Centres of Excellence (CoEs), Distributed Information Centres (DICs) and
some are under negotiations for transfer and commercialisation. Some examples are given below. Sub-DICs. The network will enable scientists to take part in national millennium technology initiative
· At the National Institute of Immunology under DBT, a technology relating to novel molecules that projects of CSIR, such as Biosuite of Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) and in the creation of software
inhibit tuberculosis and bacteria, with the potential to be developed as anti-mycobacterial drugs, is packages for visualisation of the bioinformatics data by Strand Life Sciences (formerly Strand
being discussed under an MoU signed with Astra Zeneca India, Bangalore, and Cadila, Ahmadabad. Genomics).
· Hepatitis C Diagnostics ELISA-based technology developed by ICGEB, New Delhi, has been · Biotechnology Product and Process Development Various biotechnology products and processes have
commercially launched by Xcytron, Bangalore. been developed at institutes under DBT. Significant progress has been made in areas such as
· Methodologies for cryopreservation and revival of bone marrow and cord blood cells developed at the optimisation of the production and application of industrially-important enzymes, products and
National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS) have been transferred to the Armed Forces Medical College, processes having applications in the healthcare sector, biosynthesis of value-added industrial products
Pune. and exploitation of microbial diversity of the Northeast India.
· DBT has facilitated the commercialisation of a technology related to an affordable antibody filarial · Fiscal Initiatives Customs duty on medical equipments has been reduced from 12.5 percent to 7.5
detection kit developed at the Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, in collaboration with the percent. Further, the government has exempted certain incomes of venture capital companies or
Gujarat-based Span Diagnostics. venture capital funds from specified businesses or industries engaged in the business related to
biotechnology (and some other sectors). This amendment has been in effect from 1 April 2008.
Biotechnology Promotion · Social Contribution The social goals of DBT can be categorised into three areassupporting women in
· Technology Incubators and Biotechnology Parks DBT has established a Biotechnology Park at Lucknow, the field of biotechnology through employment opportunities, developing rural areas through
Uttar Pradesh, with a key focus on healthcare, agriculture, environment, industrial application and dissemination of knowledge for economic benefit of the rural community and promoting scheduled
energy. Five biotechnology incubation centres at Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chandigarh, Kochi and Solan castes and tribes (SC/ST) through biotechnology tools to promote economic and social equality of
are also supported by DBT with focus areas of developing and scaling up of bioprocesses and these underprivileged tribes.
technologies, drugs and pharmaceuticals, agribusiness and certification of export goods, traditional
medicines, and medicinal and aromatic plants respectively. Please refer to Appendix for the list of autonomous institutions under DBT.
· Biotechnology Industry Research & Development Assistance Council (BIRAC) BIRAC is set up under
DBT to promote innovation in the field of biotechnology and foster greater industry-institute
interaction. The organisation assists the industry through various services, such as providing access to
key resources and new technologies, providing financial assistance and enabling technology transfer
4.4.5.1 Biotechnology Industry Research & Development Assistance Council (BIRAC)
BIRAC is an organisation set up BIRAC has been envisaged by the government as an agency for the promotion of innovation in the field of biotechnology and foster greater industry-institute interaction. The organisation
under the aegis of the Department will assist the industry through various services, such as the following:
of Biotechnology (DBT) to fund · Access to key resources and new technologies
innovations in biotechnology. · Provide facilities for testing and validation
· Provide financial assistance
Contact Details · Technology transfer and intellectual property (IP) management, technology acquisition and technology forecasting services
Department of Biotechnology, · Provide training to enable capacity building within SMEs.
Ministry of Science & Technology,
Block No 2, 7th Floor, CGO Complex, BIRAC will also manage the following two key programmes of the Department of Biotechnology
Lodhi Road, ·Biotechnology Industry Partnership Program (BIPP): The objective of this initiative is to obtain Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) for advanced technology in emerging fields, which may
New Delhi 110 003 INDIA not have immediate prospects for commercialisation. The research in these fields is expected to be a public-private venture, where the government will get royalty and the industry
participant will retain the IPR, while investing in the programme. The research on drugs for treating tuberculosis, AIDS vaccine and dengue vaccine is also expected to be financed
Website through this channel. Further, it wants to explore the sharing of expensive facilities among research units, such as toxicology centres, animal facilities, transgenic, and others.
Department of Biotechnology, ·Small Business Innovation Research Initiative (SBIRI): This initiative aims to channelize public-private funding towards high risk proof-of-concept research with a direct focus on
Government of India developing products/processes bearing high societal benefits.
Email Bilateral Collaborations and Interactions with other Players

btic@dbt.nic.in ·The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) has partnered with industry associations such as FICCI to attract industry players in funding cutting edge research.
Phone Funding Mechanism

+91 11 436 1813 ·BIRAC receives direct funding form the DBT for various programmes under its aegis. 30 percent of DBT's funding has been set aside for public-private research initiatives.
·BIRAC also seeks significant funds from the industry for its various public-private partnered projects and initiatives.

·Its major areas of research are emerging biotechnology fields such as stem cell research and nanoscience.
·Moreover, it helps conduct research on India-centric initiatives such as drugs/vaccines for tuberculosis, AIDS and dengue.
4.4.6 Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)38 DAE comprises a group of organisationsfive research centres, three industrial organisations, five public
DAE was established in 1954 with the mandate to develop nuclear power technology and promote sector undertakings, three service organisations and DAE-aided institutions. It is assisted by various boards
applications of radiation technologies in areas of agriculture, medicine, industry and basic research. The for promoting research in the field of nuclear and mathematical sciences. DAE SRC guides basic research
organisational structure of the DAE is illustrated in Figure 13. conducted in institutions under the aegis of DAE.
The Atomic Energy Commission is the governing body for DAE, which is headed by a chairman, who is the Research Disciplines
secretary to the Government of India. The Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) is responsible for the The R&D undertaken by various institutions under DAE can be categorised into the following three areas:
regulatory framework for the operational safety and environmental protection of nuclear operations in · Nuclear Power Technology India has been following a three-stage nuclear power programme. The first
India. stage utilises pressurised heavy-water reactors with natural uranium as fuel to generate power. This
stage is already in the commercial domain. The second stage involves setting up fast-breeder reactors
with plutonium as fuel; the latter being obtained from spent uranium during the first stage. This stage
Figure 13: Organisation Structure of DAE is in the technology demonstration phase with prototypes being built for testing purposes. The third
stage the development stage with efforts being made to generate power through technology based on
the thorium-uranium-233 cycle. BARC is involved in the development of advanced heavy water reactor
Atomic Energy Commission
for this purpose. Research is also ongoing at various DAE institutes in the field of hydrogen energy and
fusion energy.
· Advanced Technology and their Application Research and product development is being undertaken in
Atomic Energy DAE Science Research
Regulatory Board Council (DAE SRC) the key technology areas, such as reactors, accelerators, lasers, food processing, healthcare, nuclear
and biotechnological tools, etc
· Basic Research Major activities in the field of basic research have been undertaken in areas, such as
Department of Atomic Energy mathematics and computational sciences, physics, biology, cancer research, materials science,
synchrotrons and their utilisation and cyclotrons and their utilisation.
R&D Public Sector Industrial Service

Centres Undertakings Organisation Organisation
Aided
Institutions
Source: Department of Atomic Energy
38
Source: Department of Atomic Energy
Research Collaboration and Support (Domestic) The DAE-IPR cell is the nodal agency for all IPR-related activities, including filing of national and
DAE seeks to promote close ties between national laboratories and universities in India through various international patents for all institutions under the aegis of DAE. Various technologies have been transferred
initiatives and programmes. A few schemes are mentioned below. from DAE institutes, such as BARC, to the industry for commercial exploitation. Some examples of
· Human Resource Development DAE has set up various programmes, such as UGC-DAE Consortium for technology commercialisation by BARC are listed below.
Scientific Research and Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) for human resource development. DAE
has signed an MoU with the University Grants Commission (UGC) to set up Inter-University Consortium ·The medical analyser software technology developed at BARC was transferred to Larsen & Toubro Pvt.
of DAE Facilities (IUC-DAEF) at Indore. Further, R&D centres under DAE are recognised by universities Ltd., Mysore.
in that region as centres of research and can award post-graduate degrees. HBNI was established in ·The technology for kitchen-waste-based biogas plants (Nisargruna) has been transferred to more than
1995 with an aim to speed up research and product development in nuclear sciences. The institute 20 parties.
trains manpower, awards degrees and promotes linkages among various institutes of DAE. ·The technology on low-carbon Ferro-alloys has been transferred to ADV Metal Combine Pvt. Ltd., New
· Sponsored Research Sponsored research projects have been undertaken by various DAE institutes, Delhi.
such as BARC under MoUs and agreements with other institutions, such as the Central Electronics ·BARC has supplied thermo luminescence dosimetry (TLD) phosphor powder and Teflon powder to
Engineering Research Institute (CEERI) at Pilani and University Institute of Chemical Technology (UICT) Avanttec, Medical Systems Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, for the manufacture of TLD discs.
at Pune.
· Funding of Extramural Research DAE extends extramural research to various institutes and The Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies (FCIPT), a unit of Institute of Plasma
laboratories in India in relevant disciplines. Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS) and Research, has commercialised a few technologies, such as plasma-teflon coating on seal and shell, plasma
National Board for Higher Mathematics (NBHM) have been constituted to assist DAE in its endeavours. diagnostics system and atmospheric plasma treatment for Angora wool. RRCAT has also commercialised a
International R&D Collaboration few technologies, such as laser-assisted land-levelling system and compact nitrogen laser module.
· Institutions under DAE, under a DAE-CERN agreement, are engaged in the development and supply of
sophisticated components for Large Hadron Collider (LHC) being built by CERN.
· A MoU has been signed between the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) of India and the Commissariat a
l'Energie Atomique (CEA) of France in 2002 to collaborate on peaceful uses of nuclear energy.
· India, along with China, the European Union, Japan, The Republic of Korea, The Russian Federation and
the US is a partner in the International Thermo-nuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project, a joint
international research and development project that aims to demonstrate the scientific and technical
feasibility of fusion power.
· VECC has been collaborating with international laboratories such as RIKEN in Japan and TRIUMF in
Canada, in the field of RIB.
· FAIR will be operational in Germany by 2011. DAE seeks India's participation in FAIR for mutually-
beneficial research.
· The high-energy physics (HEP) community in India is seeking participation in international projects,
such as the International Linear Collider (ILC) and the European X-Ray Laser Project (XFEL).
Technology Patenting and Commercialisation

4.4.6.1 Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
BARC was founded in 1957 as the ·Research Activities: DAE supports extramural research and development activities in nuclear and allied sciences, engineering and technology through the Board of Research in
erstwhile Atomic Energy Nuclear Sciences (BRNS). BRNS encourages and supports scientists and engineers in pursuing research activities in areas of interest and relevance to DAE.
Commission. It was renamed as ·Technology Transfer and Collaboration: BARC has also developed several spin-off technologies that find applications in a variety of sectors. These technologies are being
BARC in 1966 and currently is the transferred to the government, public and private sectors. Please refer to http://www.barc.ernet.in/webpages/technologies/home.html for the list of technologies available for
nodal agency for atomic research in transfer and the ones already transferred by BARC.
India. ·Conferences and Events BARC also organises conferences and symposiums on various areas of atomic energy to promote interaction among key members. Various conferences
have been conducted in areas such as nuclear and solid-state physics, high energy physics, radiation and photochemistry, radiation and environmental sciences.
Contact Details
BARC, Trombay, Funding Mechanism
Mumbai - 400 085 All the research activities are funded by DAE, with periodic reviews done for large and critical projects.
India
Technology Transfer and The major research areas are divided into the following four divisions:
Collaboration Division · Advanced Technologies This includes areas such as nuclear electronics, fibre optics and optoelectronic instrumentation, artificial intelligence, and Microprocessor based control &
Tel: +91 22 2550 5337mail : Instrumentation.
headttcd@barc.gov.in · Basic Sciences This includes areas such as nuclear physics, neutronics related to fission and fusion reactors, nuclear energy related programmes and selected state of solid state
physics.
Website · Nuclear Reactor & Fuel Cycle This includes areas such as design and development of reactor components, study on material of reactor service, metal-water reaction and fracture
BARC mechanics studies.
· Radiation Technologies and Applications This includes areas such as radiation physics and chemistry, environmental monitoring, development of radiation detectors, waste
Phone mobilisation and radio protection.
+91 22 2550 5050/10
4.4.6.2 Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR)
IGCAR was established in 1971 and IGCAR, under the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, is primarily entrusted with the task of undertaking scientific research and utilising advanced engineering techniques
is the second-largest establishment for the development of fast breeder reactor (FBR) technology. This objective is in tune with the second stage (refer to DAE) of the Indian Nuclear Programme, where Plutonium obtained
under DAE after BARC. from the spent Uranium of the first stage nuclear programmes is to be used as fuel in the FBRs.
Contact Details
The activities of IGCAR have been distributed among various groups, such as the Chemistry Group, Electronics & Instrumentation Group, Engineering Services Group, Fast Reactor
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic
Technology Group and Metallurgy and Materials Group, for better management.
Research
Kalpakkam -603102
Tamil Nadu IGCAR has 12 laboratories for conducting research activities. These laboratories facilitate research in different scientific streams, such as Mechanical Metallurgy, Materials Technology,
India Non-Destructive Evaluation, Corrosion Science & Technology, Physical Metallurgy, Structural Mechanics and Chemical Characterisation.
Website Key Areas

IGCAR Apart from thrust areas such as nuclear technology, the centre is also a front runner in areas such as quasi crystals, oxide superconductors, nano-structures, clusters, Superconducting
Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) fabrication programs, exopolymers and experimental simulation of condensed matter using colloids etc.,
Phone
+91 44 27480267 IGCAR has also extended its expertise and facilities to other important sectors such as Defence and Space.
Collaborations
It has collaborations with educational and R & D institutes such as IITs, IISc, BITS Pilani, National Research Laboratories, Public Units and Institutes abroad.
Funding Mechanism
IGCAR receives funds from the Department of Atomic Energy
4.4.6.3 National Centre for Biological Science (NCBS)
NCBS was established in 1984 to NCBS is a research centre specialising in biological research and is part of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. The research conducted at NCBS uses experimental and
function as an independent unit computational approaches for the study of molecules, cells and organisms with the aim to understand biology at each of these levels. Its four major research interests are the following:
under TIFR to deliver cutting-edge · Biochemistry, Biophysics and Bioinformatics: Research areas include cellular architecture of Genome regulation; structure and dynamics of nucleic acids; structural biology,
research and education in the field macromolecular crystallography, etc.
of biology. · Neurobiology: Research areas include the cellular mechanics of mental illness, physics and neurobiology of insect flight, neurobiology of learning and memory, genetic analysis of
chemosensory perception in drosophila, etc.
Contact Details · Cellular Organisation and Signalling: Research areas include countering cervical cancer, mitochondrial demographics, cell biology of the synapse, physical principles of organisation in
National Centre for Biological biological systems, etc.
Sciences, TIFR · Genetics and Development: Research: Its research areas include trisphosphate signalling in cellular and systemic physiology, developmental neurobiology of animal movement,
GKVK, Bellary Road, molecular genetic analysis of complex neuro-psychiatric disorders, evolutionary ecology and environmental conservation.
Bangalore 560065, India
NCBS aims to develop new and interactive initiatives, such as iBio (interdisciplinary biology), which brings a wide variety of scientists to address questions in biology. Other programmes
Website from NCBS include interactions with biomedical researchers and human-geneticists and the application of human genetics tools to clinical questions.
NCBS
Bilateral Collaborations and Interactions with other Players
Email · NCBS also collaborates with other institutions and individuals to carry out research in specific fields.
dean@ncbs.res.in · It has also collaborated with the Christian Medical College (CMC) to develop a PhD programme for clinicians between NCBS and CMC investigators.
Phone Funding Mechanism

+91 80 23666001/02 · NCBS receives internal funding from TIFR.
+91 80 23666018/19 · It also receives extramural funding from various agencies, such as CSIR, DBT, DST, Mizutani Foundation for Glycoscience (MFGS), Rockfeller Foundation, The Wellcome Trust and
WHO.
4.4.6.4 Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT)
RRCAT (formerly CAT) is India's RRCAT was established by the DAE to increase and widen the research work carried out by BARC. The research focuses on two leading-edge areas of science and technologyLasers and
primary Research centre on Laser Accelerators.
and Accelerator Technology, under · Laser: RRCAT is involved in developing laser systems and its applications, such as high power CO2 lasers, semiconductor lasers, chemical lasers, excimer lasers and high-
the Department of Atomic Energy. energy/intensity-pulsed lasers for use in industry, medicine and research.
· Accelerator: As part of DAE's committee recommendations, Synchrotron Radiation facilities Indus-1 and Indus-2 was established at RRCAT. This will give scientists powerful sources
Contact Details of photons with wavelengths in the visible, vacuum ultraviolet, soft x-rays and hard x-rays.
Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced
Technology, RRCAT also offers a one year course for researchers on the various units of high-technology of the Department of Atomic Energy. RRCAT also offers a Young Scientist Research
Indore 452013 Programme, a summer course that aims to expose students to the sciences of lasers and accelerators.
Madhya Pradesh,
India Bilateral Collaboration and Interaction with other Players
The RRCAT has a close association with the industry and other research institutions, examples of which are mentioned below.
Website · RRCAT worked on Pulsed Laser Deposition in a collaborative project with the department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Chennai.
RRCAT · It is also working in collaboration with the Centre for Advanced Studies in Materials Science and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, University of Pune.
· It has an active collaboration with the Department of Solid State Physics, University of ULM, Germany
Email
pdgupta@cat.ernet.in Funding Mechanism
· The RRCAT receives central government funding through the Department of Atomic Energy.
Phone
+91 731 232 1341
4.4.7 Other Ancillary Research Departments 4.4.7.2 Department of Defence Research and Development (DDRD)
The Ministry of Defence (MoD) consists of four departmentsDepartment of Defence, Department of
4.4.7.1 Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) Defence Production, Department of Defence Research & Development (DDRD) and Department of Ex-
Established in the year 1995, DIPP is responsible for the formulation of the overall industrial policy for Servicemen Welfare. The organisational profile of the various departments of the MoD is illustrated in
India. Primary functions of DIPP include the following: Figure 14.
· To devise industrial policies for the country as per development needs and national objectives
· To keep track of the nations industrial growth and advice different industries on matters related to Figure 14: Organisation Structure of Ministry of Defence
technology and productivity accordingly
· To formulate policies on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and approvals for projects
· To administer the Industries (Development & Regulation) Act, 1951 Ministry of Deence
· To encourage international collaboration on enterprise level and defining regulations for it (MoD)
· To formulate policies related to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in patents, trademarks, industrial
designs, etc. Finance Division
The key activities of DIPP are as follows:

· Technology Inflow DIPP encourages Indian companies to form strategic technology collaborations with Department of Defence The Department of Department of Defence
Department of Defence Research & Development
companies across the globe for mutual benefits. It also facilitates technology transfer across Production Ex-Servicemen Welfare
(DDRD)
industries through the Foreign Technology Collaboration (FTC) agreement.
· Protection of IPR DIPP takes various initiatives to promote the protection of IPRs by formulating and
implementing policies through the Office of the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade
Department Research and
Marks. Development Organisation
· Schemes for development of Industrial infrastructure The department formulates policies for (DRDO)
continuous up gradation of industrial infrastructure and maintaining international competitiveness of
Indian companies; for instance it launched an Industrial Infrastructure Up gradation Scheme (IIUS) with Source: Department of Ministry of Defence
a budget allocation of INR 6.75 billion (Tenth Five Year Plan) 39
· Promotion of FDI DIPP acts as a facilitator for promoting foreign investment (including through Non
Resident Indians) into the country through dissemination of information about available opportunities
and investment climate in the country.
· Investor Guidance The department provides guidance to investors (interested in new
ventures/collaborations) regarding the regulation and policies across different sectors. Foreign
investors can contact DIPP for any issues related to the application process and financial/technical
approvals for their projects.
39
Source: DIPP Annual Report 2005-06
The Department of Defence is the key coordinating department for the Integrated Defence Staff (IDS), the three armed services Army, Navy and Air Force and various inter-service organisations. Its activities also include the
formulation of the defence budget, defence policy, parliamentary issues, foreign collaborations, etc. The Department of Defence Production is tasked with the job of defence equipment production, indigenisation of imported
stores, etc., while the Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare is concerned with all re-settlement, welfare and pension issues of former servicemen.
The Department of Defence Research and Development (DDRD) is headed by a Secretary who also acts as the Scientific Advisor to the Defence Minister. The department endeavours to make India self reliant in defence systems.
The government of India is advised by DDRD on the scientific aspects of military equipment and logistics. Further, DDRD is also involved in the research, design and fabrication of world-class weapon systems. The nodal agency
for all research and development activities of the DDRD is the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), which is a network of more than 50 laboratories engaged in R&D in various military application areas.
4.4.7.2.1 Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
DRDO is a premier organisation for DRDO is a network of more than 50 laboratories engaged in research and development of various defence technologies with the aim of keeping the Indian armed forces equipped with
science and technology, established cutting-edge competitive weapon systems and defence technology.
in 1958, with a mission to design,
develop and produce state-of-the-art DRDO's key activities include the following:
weapon systems, platforms and · Design, development and production of state-of-the-art sensors, weapon systems, platforms and allied equipment
allied equipment for the · Provide technological solutions to the armed forces for optimised combat effectiveness and to promote well-being of the troops
requirements of the Indian armed · Develop a robust infrastructure and build a strong indigenous technology base
forces.
In addition to the R&D activities within the ambit of DRDO, it also promotes external research through grants-in-aid to academic institutes and R&D laboratories. It has the following two
Contact Details schemes for this purpose:
DRDO Bhawan, · Contract for Acquisition of Research Services (CARS): This is an initiative of DRDO, through which it seeks to procure research services from academic institutes. Under CARS,
New Delhi 110 011 individuals and institutions can apply for research grants from DRDO.
INDIA · Extramural Research Scheme: DRDO supports extramural research (ER) by a funding large number of research projects in different academic institutes and R&D labs.

DRDO · DRDO has been promoting the involvement of industry and academia in its activities.
· DRDO has MoUs and agreements with as many as 33 countries. Russia, USA, France, Israel, Germany, UK, Singapore, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are the major partners of DRDO.
Email: · DRDO has set up many joint-working groups with their counterparts in other countries such as the Indo-US Joint Technology Group, the Indo-Russian R&D Sub-Group and the Indo-
director@desidoc.drdo.in Israel Managing Committee.
Public Relations: · To increase industry-institute linkages, DRDO has established Centres of Excellence in the IITs, IISc, University of Hyderabad, Bharathiar University (BU) in Coimbatore, University of
dpidrdo@hqr.drdo.in Calcutta in Kolkata and elsewhere for R&D in different defence technologies.
· Contract for Acquisition of Research Services (CARS) is an initiative of DRDO, through which it seeks to procure research services and facilities from academic institutes. Under CARS,
Phone : individuals and institutions can apply for research grants from DRDO. Other than CARS, DRDO also supports extramural research (ER) by funding large numbers of research projects in
+91 11 23007602, different academic institutes and R&D labs.
+91 11 23011073
Funding Mechanism
· DRDO has a budget of more than INR 50 billion and is funded by the Government of India.

· The major areas of DRDO's research and development are Aeronautics, Armaments, Combat Engineering, Electronics and Computing, Life Sciences, Materials, Missiles and Naval
Systems.
4.4.7.3 Department of Health Research (DHR)
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare upgraded the Indian Council for Medical Research and re-designated it to Department of Health Research in October 2007. This step was aimed
to give an impetus to biomedical research in India. Further, the budgetary allocation (as compared to ICMR previously) has also been increased to scale up the infrastructure facilities
available for research. Currently, ICMR is the core research arm of DHR, focussing on research in cutting edge areas and development of new drugs.
Further, DHR acts as an advisory body to guide the ministry to formulate health policies for the country.
Some key functions of DHR include the following:

· Encourage basic, applied and clinical research, including clinical trials and operational research, in areas related to health, biomedical and medical profession
· Promote public-private partnership in areas such as medical, biomedical and health research
· Provide fellowships to researchers, conduct advanced training programmes, conferences and seminars for knowledge sharing
· Arrange funds for the development of infrastructure in institutions of higher learning to promote advanced research
· Collaborate with research institutes outside India for better exposure to Indian researchers, as well as co-ordinate with various institutions under the Central and State Governments.
· Support various agencies at the time of epidemics and natural calamities.
4.4.7.3.1 Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
ICMR was set up in 1949 as the The Indian Council of Medical Research promotes biomedical research in India through intramural and extramural research. The key activities of the council are as follows:
apex body in India for the
formulation, coordination and Research Activities:
promotion of biomedical research. · Intramural research is carried out by its 21 permanent research centres and 6 regional medical research centres located across India. The permanent centres focus on specific research
areas such as tuberculosis, leprosy, cholera and diarrhoeal diseases, viral diseases, including AIDS and malaria, while the regional centres address regional health issues and
Contact Details endeavour to strengthen research capabilities in different areas of India.
P.O. Box No. 4911 · The 'Medical Innovation Fund' is a new initiative by ICMR that seeks to sponsor high risk, novel innovations having far-reaching medical and scientific implications.
Ansari Nagar · Extramural research is supported by ICMR. The council has set up Centres for Advanced Research in different medical institutions (including non-ICMR institutes); it commissions task-
New Delhi 110029 force studies and promotes open-ended research through grants-in-aid to scientists from the medical fraternity all over the country.
Website Human Resource Development:

ICMR · ICMR also grants research fellowships, short-term visiting fellowships and research studentships, and also conducts various training programmes with the objective of human-
resource development.
Email · Bilateral Collaboration and Interaction with other Players
headquarters@icmr.org.in, · ICMR is well networked with leading institutions in medical research and healthcare in India and abroad. It has partnered with both industry and academia to collaborate on
icmrhqds@sansad.nic.in healthcare research.
· ICMR has, in the recent past, signed MoUs with the University of Minnesota, International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN), Merck, MRC of South Africa, FIOCRUZ of Brazil,
Phone the George Institute of International Health in Australia and various other overseas institutions for international collaboration in research on various disciplines of healthcare.
+91 11 26588895, · An MoU has been signed between ICMR and National Innovation Foundation (NIF) of India to focus on the development of drugs from practices based on traditional knowledge of
+91 11 26588980, India.
+91 11 26589794,
+91 11 26589336, Funding Mechanism
+91 11 26588707 · ICMR is funded by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India.

· Communicable diseases
· Fertility control, maternal and child health, nutritional deficiencies and disorders
· Environmental and occupational health problems
· Non-communicable diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and haematological disorders
· Mental health, neurological disorders
· Geriatric problems and traditional medicine/Herbal Remedies
4.4.7.4 Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE)
DARE is the nodal agency under the Ministry of Agriculture, which coordinates and promotes agricultural research and education in the country. It is responsible for collaborating with
other international research agencies, educational institutions and organisations in the areas of agricultural research. DARE is the sole authority managing all matters related to the Indian
Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR). The areas of research include agriculture, horticulture, natural resources management, agriculture engineering, agricultural extension, animal
science, economic statistics, and marketing and fisheries. The key activities of DARE include the following:
· International Linkages International Cooperation Division of DARE is the nodal agency for international linkages in the area of agricultural research and education. DARE has active
bilateral cooperation with countries such as the US, Uzbekistan, Brazil, Argentina, China, Namibia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Egypt, Vietnam and Iran. It is also a member of international
research institutes including Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), National Agricultural Chemicals Association (NACA), CAB International, Asia-Pacific
Association of Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI) and International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS).
· Research Projects40 The sixth Indo-US Agricultural Knowledge Initiative Board, in April 2008, announced various research projects in fields such as agro-processing and marketing,
water management, biotechnology and human resources, and institutional capacity building.
· Agriculture Education Various agriculture universities are active in an endeavour to provide quality agriculture education. Several graduate and post-graduate courses are offered in
six campuses of the Central Agricultural University and other agricultural universities across India. India is considered as a preferred destination for agriculture education, especially
at post-graduate and post-doctoral level, and runs several courses for foreign students.
ICAR is a premier research organisation under DARE, which has 48 institutes, including six deemed to have University status, 5 National Bureaux, 32 National Research Centres, 12 Project
Directorates, 89 All India Coordinated Research Projects and 40 Agriculture Universities. It aims at promoting science and technology programmes in agricultural research and education.
40
Source: DARE
4.4.7.4.1 Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
ICAR, under the aegis of the ICAR, under the Ministry of Agriculture, is responsible for the R&D in the agricultural sector. It seeks to make the Indian agriculture a knowledge-intensive sector. Its key activities are as
Department of Agriculture, follows:
Government of India, is committed · Information and consulting services: ICAR acts as an information resource on various agricultural disciplines such as horticulture, resource management, animal sciences, agricultural
to the development of Indian education, home science and agricultural communication. It also provides consulting services related to these disciplines.
agriculture through continuous
research and human resource · Co-ordinating Research and Development: Many National Research Centres (NRCs) have been set up all over the country for research on specific agricultural fields.
development. · The All India Co-ordinated Research Project (AICRP) is an initiative whereby ICAR collaborates with state agricultural universities to focus on research on commodities and species of
national importance. ICAR also promotes various short-term ad-hoc research schemes at various national institutes.
Contact Details · The National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) is a World Bank-aided initiative that seeks to involve public research institutions, farmers group, private sector and other
Krishi Bhavan, Dr. Rajendra Prasad stakeholders in the joint development and application of the latest agricultural innovation for poverty alleviation and overall economic upliftment of Indian farmers.
Road, · Human Resource Development: Various agricultural universities have been set up all over the country to promote teaching and research on agriculture. Under the Technology
New Delhi 110 114, Intervention System of the ICAR, numerous Kendriya Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) have been set up to impart vocational training, research and demonstration of on-farm technologies. This
India initiative, along with the Institute-Village Linkage Programme (IVLP), has helped train farmers across the countries in novel farming techniques.

ICAR · As mentioned before, ICAR collaborates with various state agricultural universities for joint research and strengthening of research base of these institutes.
· India is a member of international research institutes such as CGIAR, CGPRT, NACA, CAB International, APAARI and ISHS.
Email · MoUs for collaboration in agricultural research has been signed with many countries such as USA, Brazil, Argentina and China. The Indo-US Agricultural Knowledge Initiative (AKI) has
NA been launched with focus on agricultural education, research, service and commercial linkage.
· ICAR is working with the World Bank for the National Agricultural Innovation Project.
Phone
+91 11 2338 6015 Funding Mechanism
· ICAR receives central-government funding for all its activities and initiatives.

· Crop Sciences, Horticulture, Animal Science, Fisheries and Natural Resource Management are the key areas of research.
4.4.7.5 Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF)41
MoEF is responsible for all activities pertaining to the environment and forest resources in India. Primary Nine Centres of Excellence (COEs) have already been set up to undertake research on various disciplines
activities of MoEF consist of conservation of flora, fauna, forest and wildlife resources; pollution control relevant to environmental studies. The areas of research undertaken by these COEs are environmental
and its prevention; afforestation and regeneration of degraded areas; and protection of environment. The education and awareness, management of degraded ecosystem, mining environment, environmental
key activities of MoEF include survey and exploration of natural resources, conservation, environmental economics, conservation of tropical plants, medicinal plans and traditional knowledge, ecosystem /
impact assessment, abatement of pollution, regeneration and eco-development, and research. community ecology, environmental contamination, ecology of Western Ghats and research.
The Ministry has been promoting R&D in various disciplines of the environment and forestry, such as MoEF also acts as the nodal ministry for the implementation of international conventions, such as the
environmental and ecosystems protection, and resource conservation and management, through its Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone
Research and Eco-regeneration (RE) division. The various schemes under this programme are as follows: Layer and Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the ozone layer.
· Environment Research Programme (ERP): The ERP is concerned with the problem of pollution. Its efforts
are focused at developing cost-effective solutions for pollution control. The International Cooperation and Sustainable Development division within the ministry coordinates all
· Ecosystem Research Scheme (ERS): Research under ERS is focussed on understanding the ecological international environmental collaboration and sustainable development issues. This division is responsible
relationship between humans and the environment with the aim of effective and sustainable for carrying out activities under various international programmes, under international bodies such as
utilisation of natural resources. UNEP, UN Commission for Sustainable Development (CSD), Global Environment Facility (GEF), Economic &
· Eastern and Western Ghats Research Programme (E&WGRP): This initiative focuses on region-specific Social Commission for Asia & Pacific (ESCAP) and SAARC.
issues of the Eastern and Western Ghats.
· Fellowships Schemes: To promote research in relevant areas, the Ministry has provided incentives in In addition to the above, MoEF has signed an agreement with China for collaboration in forestry and also a
the form of fellowship awards, such as the Pitambar Pant National Environment Fellowship Award and joint collaborative research programme between the Government of United Kingdom, Department of
the BP Pal National Environment Fellowship Award for Bio-diversity. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the MoEF is underway on the impact of climate change in India.
Various institutions under the purview of MoEF are actively involved in research in various areas of
environmental and forestry, such as GB Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development (GBPIHED),
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) and National Natural Resource Management
System (NNRMS). In addition to the above institutions, two other institutes Indian Institute of Forest
Management in Bhopal and Indian Plywood Industries Research and Training Institute (IPIRTI) in
Bangaloreare involved in imparting management and technical education in various disciplines of forestry.
41
Source : Ministry of Environment and Forestry
42
Source : MoEF Annual Report 2007-08
43
Source : Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
4.4.7.6 Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)
MNRE is the nodal ministry of the Government of India on all matters concerning new and renewable provide a platform to the member countries in the development and deployment of new and
energy resources. It has a mandate to develop such resources to supplement the energy requirements of renewable energy, among other things.
the country. The key activities of the ministry are as follows: ·The Working Group on New Technologies and Renewable Energy (WGNTE), established under the Indo-
US Energy Dialogue, is actively engaged in the identification of possible areas of collaboration in
·Promotion of Grid Interactive and Off-Grid Renewable Power Power from wind, small hydro and renewable energy resources.
biomass has been utilised to supplement the conventional sources of energy through grid interactive ·Other similar agreements exist with countries such as Mauritius, Italy, Cyprus and the ASEAN nations.
systems or stand-alone off-grid systems.
·Renewable Energy for Rural Applications Various programmes utilising renewable energy for the Various other support programmes, such as information and public awareness programme, Technology
betterment of rural society were undertaken. A few key initiatives are Remote Village Electrification Information Forecasting, Assessment & Data Bank (TIFAD), Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency
(RVE), Village Energy Security Test Projects and deployment of stand-alone renewable energy devices, Limited (IREDA) and renewable energy programmes are under way by the ministry.
such as type biogas plants, SPV lanterns and solar cookers, was done in rural hamlets.
·Renewable Energy for Urban, Industrial & Commercial Applications Several banks and other financial
institutions are implementing interest-subsidy schemes to provide incentives for the installation of
solar devices such as water heater in homes, hospitals, hotels and industrial units. The ministry has
also commissioned projects for the conversion of urban and industrial waste to energy and non-
bagasse. Further, the mapping of renewable energy resources on a GIS (Geographic Information
System) platform is also underway.
·Research, Design & Development The major areas of research under the ministry are alternate fuels,
such as hydrogen, biomass, Green Initiative for Future Transport (GIFT) based on alternate fuels, Green
Initiative for Power Generation (GIPS) based on alternate fuels, new and renewable energy products
for domestic and industrial purposes, and MW scale grid interactive renewable electricity systems.
Three specialised technical institutes have been set up to undertake R&D, specifically in non-
conventional energy resources such as Solar Energy Centre (SEC), Centre for Wind Energy Technology
(C-WET) and Sardar Swaran Singh Institute of Renewable Energy (SSS-NIRE), which is in its final
stages of establishment.
·International Collaboration India has signed MoUs and agreements on various areas of renewable
energy resources. A few such joint initiatives are briefly described below.
·The India-EU Energy Panel has been set up to promote collaboration on research, design, development,
demonstration and manufacturing of various renewable energy technologies.
·The Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate (APPCDC) or AP6 is an international
non-treaty agreement between Australia, India, China, Japan, South Korea and the USA. AP6 seeks to
4.4.7.7 State Research Councils
The DST facilitated the setting up of State S&T Councils for planning, formulating, evaluating and biotechnology. 47
implementing science and technology programmes within the concerned state. The decentralisation of S&T
efforts was an effort at utilising S&T for region-specific schemes and programmes for the development of Various other state councils have also been formed to promote R&D; however, their contribution is
the state. currently very limited.
The state councils promote programmes specific to the state. However, the councils share common ground
in their focus on the issues such as the environment, biotechnology, information and communication
technology, water management, rural programmes, popularisation of S&T and establishment of S&T Parks.
Patent Information Centres (PICs) have been established at all State Councils to promote awareness about
IPR and to help facilitate patent search, filing, etc. The PICs work as satellite centres for Patent Facilitating
Centre of TIFAC, Government of India. The council also promotes S&T by awarding fellowships and
research grants to scientists, organising annual science congresses and other activities of relevance.
Despite modest success, The Planning Commission notes that most of the State S&T Councils have
become dormant and their activities are restricted mostly to S&T popularisation. Plans are on to rejuvenate
them.44
Some state council, such as the ones existing in Gujarat, Punjab and Kerela, are more proactive than others
in promoting S&T activities in their respective regions. The key focus areas of DST, Gujarat are Information
& Communication Technology including e-Governance, biotechnology, remote sensing and space
application and seismology. A large number of IT Parks are also being setup in the state to give a fillip to
these sectors. Biotech parks have already been established and biotech SEZs are being incorporated in
some of these parks.45
Biotechnology is one of the key focus areas for the Punjab State Council for Science and Technology
(SCST). Numerous programmes are underway, focussing on environment and water-regime management. A
biotechnology cluster incorporating a Biotech Institute, Biotech Park, an incubator cell and other facilities
have been envisaged at Mohali.46
Kerela SCST has many programmes and schemes promoting S&T in multi-disciplinary areas in the state. It 44
Source: Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-07)
has six research institutes under its umbrella, which conduct research in different disciplines. Various 45
Source: DST Gujarat
initiatives undertaken by KSCSTE are coastal zone management, ecology and environment, environmental 46
Source: PSCST
pollution monitoring, creation of Patent Information Centres (PIC), rural technology programmes and 47
Source: KSCST
INDIA R&D ECOSYSTEM
Industry Associations
Confederation of Indian Industries

Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
Federation of Asian Biotech Association
Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India
National Association of Software and Services Companies
Association of Biotechnology Led Enterprises
4.5 INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS

Industry associations play a key role in bringing together the government, R&D community and the Indian
industry for the benefit of the research and development scenario of the country. They also assist the
government on policy matters relating to the industry.
·Some of the key industry associations active in India are the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), the
Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), the National Association of
Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) and the Associated Chambers of Commerce and
Industry of India (ASSOCHAM).
All these associations organise conferences and workshops for increasing awareness about science and
technology issues affecting the Indian industry and academia. These have also forged alliances to
accelerate the pace of research initiatives in the country. For instance, NASSCOM has signed MoUs and
agreements with government R&D agencies such as Defence Research and Development Organisation
(DRDO), and academic entities such as the University Grants Commission (UGC) to promote collaboration
between government institutions, academia and the industry; CII has worked in tandem with DST to
establish The Global Innovation and Technology Alliance (GITA), which seeks to implement public-private
partnership in promoting International technology programmes of DST; FICCI has partnered with the
Department of Biotechnology to involve the private sector in research initiatives.
These and other industry associations play a critical role in promoting the research efforts of the country.
4.5.1 Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
CII, established in 1992, is one of CII is a non-government, industry-managed organisation, partnering with the government and the industry to create and foster an environment conducive to industrial growth. The key
the largest business associations in activities of CII are as follows:
India with more than 7,000 private · Promotes India/Indian industry as investment destination It works with the government on policy matters related to the industry and organises conferences/trade fairs globally with
and public members. It was the aim to promote Indian industry.
established with the objective to · Supports industry competitiveness CII undertakes numerous initiatives to promote industry competitiveness on parameters such as quality, corporate governance, knowledge
sustain the development and management, energy efficiency and environment management. It is involved in a host of other activities to compliment its primary objective of promoting Indian industries.
growth of the Indian industrial · Promotes technical innovation The Technology and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) division is one of the most important wings of CII.
sector. · It helps promote technical innovation, develop industry-academia linkages for faster technology adoption and commercialisation. It also focuses on increasing awareness on IPR and
undertakes other initiatives for technology development.
Contact Details · State Level Technology Development & Promotion Centres are being set up by the Technology and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) division of the CII in partnerships with state
CII governments. At present, two such centres are operationalAndhra Pradesh Technology Development & Promotion Centre (APTDPC) and Tamil Nadu Technology Development &
The Mantosh Sondhi Centre Promotion Centre (TNTDPC).
23, Institutional Area, Lodhi Road
New Delhi - 110 003 (INDIA) Recent collaborations
Global Innovation and Technology Alliance (GITA)
GITA CII, in collaboration with the Department of Science and Technology (DST), has launched a new initiative Global Innovation & Technology Alliance (GITA)for the promotion and facilitation
India Habitat Centre of International Science & Technology Cooperation Programmes. GITA was launched to support collaborative R&D for developing latest technologies, promoting bilateral industrial R&D
Core 4A, 4th Floor, Lodhi Road and its commercialisation, and facilitating technology transfers and creation of joint ventures through commercial entities.
New Delhi - 110 003
These programmes are expected to benefit Indian industries and the academia. The key activities of GITA include the following:
Website · Research on specific countries with the aim of identifying potentially-beneficial collaboration areas with regard to the need of Indian industry and institutions
CII · Management of bilateral and multilateral joint R&D programmes and partnership-development activities such as scientific expeditions of research delegations, joint workshops and
GITA academic visits
· Helping the Indian industry and institutions link up with worldwide science and technology organisations and industries
Email · Providing information and complete assistance to foreign investors in R&D in India
ciico@ciionline.org · Setting up joint centres of excellence
ciicocal@ciionline.org
Bilateral collaborations and interactions with other players
Phone · CII works closely with various government agencies, such as the Department of Science and Technology, to promote research in science and technology (S&T) in India.
+91 11 2462 9994-7 · india is a signatory to several bilateral S&T agreements with various nations under which GITA, on behalf of DST, may provide grants to joint research initiatives. Initiatives under the
+91 11 2468 2230-35 GITA include signing of the Indo-Canada S&T Cooperation Programme and the Indo-Israel Initiative for Industrial R&D (i4RD) Programme.
+91 124 401 4060-67
4.5.2. Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI)
FICCI was established in 1927 to FICCI is India's premier forum for government-industry interaction, inspiring a strong vision for the development of the economy. It has a strong network spread across all industry verticals;
enable empowerment of Indian organisations such as ILO, GATT, WTO and World Bank; and business communities across the globe. The major activities associated with FICCI are mentioned below.
businesses with the changing times, · Supports the government in formulating effective economic policies for the nation
increase their competitiveness and · Provides a single platform for the industry, the academia and the government to discuss/debate major issues facing the nation
enhance their global reach. With a · Conducts various programmes/events to encourage product innovation and commercialisation of technologies
membership of as many as 1,500 · Provides various services through collaboration with the industry to foster intellectual property development, trade facilitation, entrepreneurship development, training of resources,
corporates, it is the focal point for etc.
all industry-related issues.
Recent Programmes
Contact Details DST-FICCI MoU on Research Platform for International Cooperation
FICCI · In March 2008, FICCI signed an MoU with the Department of Science and Technology to establish a 'Research Platform for International Cooperation'.
Ficci Head Office · The research platform has been designed to identify and study the core technologies of partner countries and seek possibilities of collaboration to cater to India's current and future
Federation House technology needs.
Tansen Marg · The scheme aims to find out interested firms/associations across the globe for alliances that benefit both the partners. The programme will serve as an engine to speed up
New Delhi 110001 technology-led global collaborations to fill the technology gaps.
Phone R&D Support to the Private Sector Lockheed Martin India Innovation Growth Programme
+91 11 2373 8760-70 Lockheed Martin, in collaboration with the University of Texas and FICCI, has launched a two-year programme to encourage entrepreneurial activities in India. The scheme aims to take
early-stage technologies from India to the global arena.
E-mail The programme targets inventors, researchers and budding entrepreneurs with commercially-viable ideas/technologies.
ficci@ficci.com The programme covers technologies related to various sectors, such as aeronautics, agriculture, biotech, chemistry, communications, computing, defence, electronics, environment, IT,
medical/life sciences, nanotech and petrochemical
The selected participants are given special training and funding for their projects. The programme entitles the selected participants for various benefits, such as the following
· Specialised training programmes designed to foster entrepreneurship and commercialisation activities at the IC2 Institute
· Invitation to participate in the professional business development engagement programme to create partnerships with corporations around the globe
4.5.3. Federation of Asian Biotech Associations (FABA)
Federation of Asian Biotech FABA focuses on encouraging R&D activities in the field of biotechnology by providing a common platform to pool resources and share expertise within the member countries. The main
Associations (FABA) was formally activities of this association are mentioned below.
launched in the year 2005 with the · Build a strong network between the academia, professional researchers, entrepreneurs and the industry to foster the growth of biotechnology in and around Asia
objective to develop and promote · Acts as a link between the industry and the government to encourage funding/investments for advanced product research facilities
biotechnology research in the Asian · Invite scientists, experts and related delegates from across the globe to attend symposiums/knowledge sharing sessions to foster exchange of ideas between the member nations
region. Currently, FABA has its
chapters running in 15 member Recent Activities
countries. In 2007, FABA organised a conference, BioAsia, in collaboration with All India Biotech Association (AIBA), which saw participation from 85 representatives from 32 countries. The main
highlights of the conference were as follows:
Contact Details · Biocon announced plans to set up an insulin plant at Vizag at a cost of approximately INR 10.4 billion.
Federation of Asian Biotech · National Cancer institute, Bethesda, and John's Hopkins University collaborated with Shanta Biotechnics, Hyderabad, to collectively work towards the development of human
Associations pappiloma virus (HPV) vaccine.
FABA · Awards such as Genome Valley Excellence Award 2007 and BioAsia Innovation Award 2007 for young scientist were conferred upon Prof. G Padmanaban and Dr. Madhusudhan Reddy
401, Laxmi Nivas, for their work in research and innovation.
Greenlands, Ameerpet, · FABA also organised a knowledge sharing session with the chairman and CEO of Life Science Analytics, Dr. Robert W Naismith, on 'Bio-business Opportunities between US and India'
Hyderabad-500 016, that was attended by C-level executives from the biotech space.
Andhra Pradesh
Phone
+91 40 2341 5667/68
E-mail
info@biofaba.org
4.5.4. Association of Biotechnology Led Enterprises (ABLE)
ABLE is a forum that represents ABLE, a national forum representing the Indian biotechnology sector was launched by industry leaders. It currently has more than 200 members. ABLE acts as an interface between the
India's unique biotech environment. government, the industry, academic institutes and research bodies. ABLE's objectives include the following:
· Promoting entrepreneurship, investments and partnerships in the biotech sector
Contact Details · Showcasing breakthrough technologies and cutting-edge biotech initiatives
No. 13, 2nd Floor · Partnering with the government in their biotech initiatives and disseminating information on the biotech sector
4th C Block · Building stronger links between the academia and industry
10th Main Road · Encouraging global investment in the rapidly-expanding Biotechnology sector, facilitating proactive collaborations and partnerships
Koramangala · Initiating dialogues between the society and entrepreneurs through workshops, seminars and conference
Bangalore - 560034
India International Collaboration
ABLE has partnered with various agencies, governments and associations to promote biotechnology sector. Some of the partnerships are as follows:
Website · ABLE and BIOTECanada signed an MoU in 2006 for close collaboration in the biotechnology field. The collaboration helps explore opportunities to develop technologies that benefit
ABLE the people of both the countries.
· ABLE signed an MOU with Irish Bio Industry Association (IBIA) in 2006 for increased research and commercial collaboration in the biotech sectors of both the countries.
Email (Director General) · In 2004, ABLE and AusBiotech signed an MoU to strengthen the relationship between the two countries and provide a common platform for companies, academic and research
info@ableindia.org institutions of both countries.
Switchboard
+91 80 4163 6853
4.5.5 National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM)48
Established in 1988, NASSCOM is a Headquartered in New Delhi, NASSCOM is a leading trade body of Indian IT-BPO industry. It aspires to maintain India as the key destination for global sourcing and constantly works
not-for-profit organisation working towards development of more efficient processes and innovative business solutions to accomplish its endeavour.
towards promotion of business,
trade and R&D in information and Membership The member companies (currently 1,200) of the consortium belong to diverse business domains such as ICT services, products, IT infrastructure management, R&D services,
communication technology. e-commerce and web services, engineering services off-shoring, and animation and gaming.
Contact Details: The main objectives of NASSCOM are

Nasscom · To partner with the government and other stakeholders to formulate policies related to IT
International Youth Centre · To work towards the development of skills of IT professionals and expanding the talent pool
Teen Murti Marg · To encourage companies to emulate world-class quality standards
Chanakyapuri · To ensure protection of IPR
New Delhi 110 021
Initiatives to promote Innovation
Website: http://www.nasscom.in/ Fund for promotion of innovation49 NASSCOM has formed a strategic tie-up with ICICI Knowledge Park to promote innovation in upcoming technologies and has created a fund for the
same. Both the partners possess expertise in their respective domains and can play a mentor's role in converting an idea into a commercial product/service.
Email: info@nasscom.in · Fund Size: First round INR 1 billion
· Subsequent rounds: INR 1.01.5 billion
Phone: +91-11-2301 0199 · Promoters: ICICI Knowledge Park and NASSCOM
· Current Anchor Investors: ICICI Group, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) and Bharti Airtel
Fax : +91-11-2301 5452
The fund aims to support companies involved in the creation of IP. A company needs to fulfil certain conditions to be eligible for funding:
·It must be an India-based company.
·Its focus should be on IP creation.
·It must be operating in areas such as automotive infotronics, life sciences, wireless, medical devices, intelligent transport systems, energy conservation technologies and devices
Other programs
The NASSCOM IT Innovation Award The award aims to recognise innovative companies and the winners get to showcase their innovations at the annual NASSCOM India Leadership
Summit.
48
Source: NASSCOM
4.5.6 Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM)
Established in 1920, ASSOCHAM, ASSOCHAM represents more than 300,000 members (direct and indirect) from various business segments and closely interacts with the Government of India to articulate their (members')
the premier association of trade legitimate interests for the growth of industry. The main objectives of ASSOCHAM are as under:
bodies in India works towards · Creation of knowledge for competitive advantage
promotion of trade and commerce · Nurturing new and innovative business models
between India and other nations. · Development of a roadmap to accomplish pre-defined growth targets
· Building consensus on core issues facing the country
Contact Details · Conducting studies, surveys and other research activities on topical issues
The Associated Chambers of
Commerce and Industry of India Knowledge Summit on Biotechnology
ASSOCHAM Corporate Office, ASSOCHAM, in association with CSIR, DBT and ICMR, has formed a Biotech Governing Council to promote research in various areas of biotechnology, including biopharmaceutical
1, Community Centre Zamrudpur products, bio industrial products and bio services. The council conducts various conferences and international summits, knowledge sharing and building networks. The fourth Knowledge
Kailash Colony, Summit held in 2006 aimed at creating a research-oriented environment in the country and attracting global companies to come and explore opportunities in India. The summit was
New Delhi 110 048 attended by renowned scholars and industry experts from across the globe; for instance Nobel laureate Prof. Sir Harry Kroto, Dr. Alfred Hackenberger (President, speciality chemicals
BASF). The focus areas of this summit were the following:
Website http://www.assocham.org/
·Agri-biotechnology
Email assocham@nic.in ·White biotechnology
·Human healing: Turning science into solutions
Phone (011) 46550555 ·Bio-clusters
·Stem cells
Fax (011) 46536481/46536482 ·Bioinformatics
46536497/46536498
Knowledge Summit on Nanotechnology
ASSOCHAM has formed a Nanotech Governing Council in association with DST and Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Research, Bangalore. The council conducted a Knowledge
Summit in 2006 focussing on various areas such as
· Nanotechnology and drug delivery
· Venture investing in nanotechnology
· Nanoelectronics
· Nanomaterials and target applications
INDIA R&D ECOSYSTEM
Standards
University Grants Commission
All India Council for Technical Education
Bureau of Indian Standards

4.6 Standards
4.6.1 University Grants Commission (UGC)
UGC was established in 1956 as a UGC is the apex body of the Government of India entrusted with the twin tasks of providing funds and coordination, determination and maintenance of standards in institutions of higher
statutory body of the Indian education in India. The key objectives of UGC are the following:
government. It is primarily entrusted · To promote and coordinate university education in India
with the task of channelizing funds · To determine and maintain the standards of teaching, examination and research in Indian universities
and maintaining standards in the · To set regulations on the minimum standards of education
institutions of higher learning in · To disburse grants to different universities and colleges under the ambit of UGC and to monitor the developments in the field of higher education
India. · To serve as an important link between the union, state governments and institutions of higher learning
· To advise the central and state governments on the measures deemed necessary for the betterment of university education
Contact Details
Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Bilateral collaboration and interaction with other players
Delhi - 110 002 · UGC interacts with a host of government agencies and plays a key role in policy formulations for the betterment of higher education in India.
India · An MoU has been signed between UGC and Intel India for the promotion of information and communications technology, e-learning, research and training in the higher education
system.
Website · MoUs and agreements have been signed with academic bodies in other nations for collaboration in the field of education. For instance, UGC has an MoU with the German Academic
UGC Exchange Service to increase cooperation in the field of humanities and social sciences.
· UGC has also collaborated with industry forums such as NASSCOM to promote and sustain a skilled IT manpower base in India.
Email
webmaster@ugc.ac.in Funding mechanism
UGC receives funding from the Government of India. It is responsible for the allocation and distribution of maintenance and development grants to all central universities, colleges
Switchboard affiliated to Delhi University and Banaras Hindu University, and other deemed universities.
+91 11 23239627
Key areas of research
UGC supports research initiatives on a broad range of disciplines, including humanities, social sciences, physical science, biological science and engineering.
4.6.2 All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
AICTE was established in 1945 as a AICTE is a statutory body under the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. It is responsible for the promotion of technical education in the country and acts as a
national level apex body with a standard-setting organisation for all programmes of technical education in the country. The key objectives of AICTE are the following:
mandate to plan and develop · To plan and coordinate the development of technical education system in India
technical education and maintain · To promote qualitative improvement in technical education to keep pace with the planned quantitative growth
the standard of technical education · To plan, frame and maintain norms and standards in the technical education system
in India. · To achieve these aims, AICTE engages in quality assurance through accreditation; funding priority areas of education and research; monitoring and evaluation of institutes and various
schemes under its purview; and maintaining parity of certification and awards.
Contact Details
7th Floor, Chanderlok Building, AICTE has nine bureaus taking care of its functional and administrative tasks. Among these, the Research and Institutional Development (RID) Bureau is involved in a variety of initiatives,
Janpath which directly or indirectly promote research in technical education. The council operates the following three research schemes:
New Delhi 110 001 Modernisation and Removal of Obsolescence Scheme (MODROBS): This scheme seeks to periodically upgrade the laboratories, workshops, computing facilities, etc. to overcome
obsolescence.
Website
AICTE Research Promotion Scheme(s) (RPS): This programme supports research in engineering sciences and innovations in established and newer technologies. It also aims to facilitate the
production of more master's and doctoral degrees to augment the overall research manpower in India.
Email: Nationally Coordinated Projects (NCP): Its mandate is to plan, co-ordinate and implement integrated R&D programmes as a collaborative effort between various national-level institutes
chairman@aicte.ernet.in and industry units for social development.
Switchboard: In addition, RID also has various initiatives to promote interaction between the industry and the academia.
+91 11 23724151-57 · Industry Institute Partnership Cell (IIPC): This initiative endeavours to bridge the gap between industry practices and academic theory by providing a common platform for interaction.
For instance, it may facilitate sponsorship of industry-relevant research and consulting assignments.
· Entrepreneurship and Development Centre (EDC): EDCs have been set up at various places in India to encourage more scientists and innovators to take up entrepreneurship.
· National Facilities in Engineering & Technology with Industrial Collaboration (NAFETIC): This scheme seeks to collaborate with the industry to set up national facilities for research on
cutting-edge engineering science and other technology areas.
The RID has set up the following two advisory boards to help AICTE implement various schemes and programmes.
Board of Research and Institutional Development (BORID)
Board of Industry-Institute Interaction (BOIII)
4.6.2 All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
Bilateral collaboration and interaction with other players

Through the above-mentioned initiatives, the council maintains a robust network with the industry. AICTE has also signed agreements and MoUs with industry bodies, such as CII and
NASSCOM, in order to promote technical education in India.
The UK-India Education and Research Initiative (UKERI), funded mainly by the British government, is an attempt to increase research collaboration between the UK and India by supporting
joint research by scientists in AICTE-approved colleges in India and researchers in the UK.
For research purposes, AICTE has been coordinating with laboratories of DST and CSIR, and other research organisations.
Funding mechanism
AICTE is funded by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.
Key areas of research

Various aspects of technical education are supported by AICTE, including engineering, technology, architecture, town planning, management, pharmacy, applied arts and crafts, hotel
management and catering technology, etc.
4.6.3 Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
BIS was established in 1987 as a BIS is the nodal agency of the Government of India for all aspects of standards in the country, including formulation and promotion of standards.
national standards body replacing The key activities of BIS can be categorised as follows:
the erstwhile Indian Standards · Standards: Formulation and promotion of standards is one of the key tasks of BIS. Promotion is done through programmes under Educational Utilisation of Indian Standards (EUS),
Institution. State-Level Committees (SLCs), Information in SSI (Small-Scale Industries) Facilitation Cell and various other channels.
· Certification: BIS certifies products under the Product Certification Scheme. Various management system certifications are also granted by BIS. These include Quality Management
Contact Details Systems Certification Scheme as per IS/ISO 9001:2000, Environmental Management Systems Certification Scheme as per IS/ISO 14001, etc. BIS also operates a product-certification
Manak Bhavan, scheme for foreign manufacturers.
9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, · Laboratory services: Eight BIS laboratories located across the country provide testing services and undertake test-related activities for BIS certification of products.
New Delhi - 110002 · Information services: BIS acts as the WTO/TBT enquiry point and provides technical information to the industry. It also facilitates access to BIS library to ensure dissemination of
India information.
· Training services: BIS has set up the National Institute of Training for Standardisation (NITS) at Noida, in Uttar Pradesh, to impart training on standards.
Website · Consumer-related activities: BIS organises consumer awareness programmes and events such as Consumer Rights Day to enlighten the public about different aspects of standards.
BIS
International activities:
Email It takes part in international committees, policy groups and other similar entities as a member.
info@bis.org.in · Bilateral collaboration and interaction with other players
· To facilitate information services for the small and medium-scale industry, BIS has established the SSI (Small-Scale Industries) Facilitation Cell.
Switchboard · BIS is a founder member of International Standards Organisation (ISO) and takes part in international standardisation activities.
+91 1123230131, · It is involved in the activities of policy-making bodies such as the Committee on Developing Country Matters (DEVCO), the Committee on Conformity Assessment (CASCO), the
+91 1123233375, Committee on Information (INFCO) and the Committee on Consumer Policy (COPOLCO).
+91 1123239402-11 · The bureau also participates in the activities of the International Electro-technical Commission (IEC).
· It has signed MoUs in the fields of standardisation, certification and quality assurance in metrology with countries such as Germany, Russia, China, Turkey, Mauritius, Israel and Cuba.
5 R&D ACTIVITIES WITHIN INDIAN COMPANIES
Before economic liberalisation, private sector companies in India did not invest significantly in R&D. A few Table 8: Top 20 Indian R&D Investors by R&D Spend (200607)
notable exceptions were companies such as the Tata Group. Most R&D investments were largely made by
COMPANY R&D SPEND (IN INR MILLION) ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
central and state governments, and certain public-sector enterprises. However, the post-liberalisation
period witnessed a substantial increase in R&D investments by private sector companies. The corporate CAPITAL CURRENT TOTAL
R&D intensity (R&D expenditure as a percentage of sales) increased from 0.07 percent in 1991 to 0.51 Tata Motors Ltd. 6,367.3 1,601.3 7,968.6 Heavy Commercial Vehicles
percent in 2004. Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. 0.0 4,957.0 4,957.0 Aircraft

Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. 974.9 3,863.3 4,838.2 Pharmaceuticals
The growth in R&D spend has been led by foreign multinational companies, which have both established Gandhimathi Appliances Ltd. 0.0 3,782.3 3,782.3 Kitchen Appliances
in-house centres in India and outsourced R&D activities to the country. However, there has been a Reliance Industries Ltd. 1,674.0 1,573.0 3,247.0 Petroleum Products
substantial increase in the R&D spend of Indian private sector companies as well. Indian companies from Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. 470.9 2,457.1 2,928.0 Pharmaceuticals
IT, pharmaceutical and automobile sectors have started competing with foreign MNCs on a global scale Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. 80.0 2,440.0 2,928.0 Prime Movers
and therefore seek to increase their R&D activity to keep up with the latest technology. Sun Pharmaceutical Inds. Ltd. 346.5 1,536.2 1,882.7 Pharmaceuticals
Cipla Ltd. 284.1 1,473.2 1,757.3 Pharmaceuticals
Infosys Technologies Ltd. 0.1 1,670.0 1,670.1 Computer Software
5.1 Leading Indian Investors in R&D
Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. 0.0 1,668.5 1,668.5 Utility Vehicles
Several large-scale Indian companies across a range of sectors, such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.,
Ashok Leyland Ltd. 778.8 785.2 1,564.0 Heavy Commercial Vehicles
Bharat Electronics Ltd., Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, Ranbaxy Laboratories, Tata Motors and Wockhardt, have
Cadila Healthcare Ltd. 269.0 1,291.0 1,560.0 Pharmaceuticals
begun investing substantially in R&D. In 200607, the total R&D expenditure of the top 20 R&D investors in
Lupin Ltd. 109.3 1,312.1 1,421.4 Pharmaceuticals
India was about INR 49.2 billion. Table 8 depicts the top 20 Indian R&D investors.
Bharat Electronics Ltd. 155. 1,248.3 1,403.4 Electronics
Oil & Natural Gas Corp. Ltd. 482.7 863.6 1,346.3 Petroleum
Private companies had a major share in the industrial in-house R&D expenditure in 200607. Only four
Wockhardt Ltd. 766.5 512.1 1,278.6 Pharmaceuticals
companiesHindustan Aeronautics Ltd., Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd., Bharat Electronics Ltd. and Oil &
Bajaj Auto Ltd. 473.4 676.9 1,150.3 Motorcycles
Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.among the top 20 companies, were from the public sector. Eight among these
Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 381.8 739.6 1,121.4 Pharmaceuticals
20 companies were from the pharmaceuticals industry. The total R&D spend of these eight companies was
Indian Petrochemicals Corp. Ltd. 214.8 889.6 1,104.4 Plastics in Primary Forms
INR 15.78 billion.
Total 13,829.2 35,340.3 49,169.5 Source : R&D India Newsletter
50
Source: India's Emergence as a Global R&D Center December 2007 Working Paper
51
Source: R&D India Newsletter
5.2 Leading Indian Patent Applicants Figure 15 : Sector-wise Number of Patent Applications
Among the top 200 patent applicants worldwide (from January 2005 to December 2007), 22 are pure-bred 1,372
1400
Number of Patent Applications

Indian organisations. Among these 22 companies, 14 are private sector firms. Table 9 depicts the top
1200
Indian private sector companies that have published patent applications at the Indian Patent Office (IPO). 952
1000
Among the companies listed in the table, nine are pharmaceutical companies. These companies 800
collectively have 1,372 IPO-published patent applications. Figure 15 depicts the number of patent 600
339
applications filed by different sectors in India. 400 224 243
200 67 41 22
6 5 3 6
Clearly, the pharmaceuticals sector has the maximum number of patent applications filed with the IPO, the
0
US, the EP and the PCT. Pharmaceuticals IT Automobile
IPO Published Applications US Published Applications
PCT Published Applications EPO Published Applications
Table 9 :Top Indian Private Sector Patent Applicants (January 2005 - December 2007)
Source : Intellectual Property India
COMPANY PUBLISHED INVENTION PATENT APPLICATIONS
IPO US PCT EPO
Ranbaxy Laboratories 320 108 458 194
Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories 315 27 113 39
Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals 149 17 47 11
Cadila Healthcare 148 17 67 23
Cipla Ltd. 138 27 67 39
Larsen & Toubro 123 2 2 0
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries 121 18 81 12
TVS Motors 121 0 0 0
Tata Steel 119 1 10 3
Aurobindo Pharma 84 3 52 2
Tata Motors 66 0 0 0
Torrent Pharmaceuticals 54 4 20 9
Lakshmi Machine Works 52 0 0 1
Matrix Laboratories 43 3 47 10
Source : Evalueserve Whitepaper Patenting Trends in India/Evalueserve Analysis
52
Source: R&D India Newsletter
5.3 Typical Areas of Research

Sectors that have witnessed significant R&D activity in recent years are as follows:
· Information and Communications Technology Software and Hardware
· Life Sciences Biotechnology, Pharmaceuticals and Bio Informatics
· Engineering Manufacturing, Consumer Durables, Material Sciences and Infrastructure Construction
· Automobiles
· Energy and Chemicals
· Agriculture
· Others Space, Aviation, Defence, Nuclear Technology
The estimated R&D activity levels in these sectors are provided in Table 10.
Activity levels cover various parameters, such as R&D expenditure, the number of employees, patents,
technical publications, and product and process development. Process development is characterised by a
high level of R&D activity in all the sectors. However, product development is marked by moderate R&D
activity.
Table 9 :Top Indian Private Sector Patent Applicants (January 2005December 2007)
BASIC APPLIED PRODUCT PROCESS
SECTOR/INDUSTRY
RESEARCH RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT
Information and Communications
Low Low Medium High
Technology
Life Sciences Low Low Medium High
Engineering (includes automobiles) Low Low Medium Medium
Agriculture Medium Medium Medium Medium
Energy and Chemicals Medium Medium Medium Medium
Others Medium Medium Medium Medium
Industries such as Financial Services,
Education, Publishing, Social and Low Low Medium High
Natural Sciences, Humanities
Source: India's Emergence as a Global R&D Center - December 2007 Working Paper
5.3.1 R&D Scenario in Pharmaceuticals Sector54

At present, major pharmaceutical companies invest approximately 610 percent of their turnover in R&D. A
part of this investment is made in discovering new chemical entities (NCEs). Indian companies started
research with regard to drug discovery in the late 1990s, and thus the R&D pipeline is still in its early
stages. It is expected to reach critical mass by 200910. Several NCEs are currently being studied under
human clinical trials. Table 11 lists the drug-discovery pipeline of various Indian pharmaceutical
companies.
The strength of Indian pharmaceutical companies lies in chemistry-driven drug discovery research
activities, such as organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, process chemistry and analytical chemistry.
Indian researchers' strong chemistry skills, IT expertise and extensive experience, as well as the low-cost
advantage, drive large international pharmaceutical companies to locate their offshore R&D centres in the
country. Companies such as Pfizer, Novartis, Astra Zeneca and GlaxoSmithKline have already established
their R&D offshore facilities in the country.
The contract research industry has also seen tremendous growth in recent years. During the last 10 years,
several companies have restructured their business models to offer contract research services. This
industry has witnessed several tie-ups between Indian and international companies in the domain of drug
discovery and development. Various Indian companies have tied up with global players for collaborative
research in the fields of drug discovery and clinical development of NCEs. GlaxoSmithKline and Ranbaxy
have entered into a collaboration agreement for the research and development of NCEs.
Table 11 : Drug Discovery Pipeline
COMPANY PRECLINICAL PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3
Ranbaxy 5 3 2 0
Dr. Reddy’s 2 2 1 0
Wockhardt 0 0 1 0
Nicholas Piramal 0 0 1 0
Lupin 0 0 2 0
Orchid 2 1 0 0
Torrent 19 0 0 0
Glenmark 1 1 0 0
Dabur 29 1 1 0
53
Biocon 2 0 3 2
Source: India's Emergence as a Global R&D Center December 2007 Working Paper
54
Source: Pharmaceuticals IBEFz
5.3.1.1 Biocon
Biocon is India's first biotechnology Products and Services

company, that delivers Biocon manufactures biopharmaceuticals such as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), Biologicals, Branded Formulations and Dosage forms.
biopharmaceutical solutions. The
company's business model caters to Biopharmaceuticals:
all the stages of the drug value · Anti-Diabetic Agents: Acarbose, Pioglitazone, Repaglinides, Rosiglitazone
chain, from drug discovery to clinical · Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Serratiopeptidase, Trypsin Chymotrypsin
development to commercialisation. · Anti-Oxidants: Alpha Lipoic Acid, L-Carnitine
· Cardiovascular Agents: Atorvastatin, Lovastatin, Pravastatin, Simvastatin, Fluvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Ezetimibe
Contact Details · Anti-Obesity Agents: Orlistat
20th KM, Hosur Road, · Digestive-Aid Enzymes: Bile Extract, Fungal Lactase, Pancreatin, Papain, Pepsin, Amylase, Hemicellulase, Alpha Galactosidase
Electronics City, · Hemostatic Agents: Ethamsylate, Tranexamic Acid
Bangalore · Hepatoprotective Agents: L-Ornithine L-Aspartate, Urso Deoxy Cholic Acid
India 560100 · Immunosuppressants: Mycophenolate Mofetil, Mycophenolic Acid Sodium, Tacrolimus, Sirolimus, Pimecrolimus, Everolimus
· Gastro-Intestinal Agents: Prebiotics, Probiotics
Contact Person · Nutraceuticals: Chondroitin Sulphate, Glucosamine Sulphate, Iron Polymaltose Complex
Dr. Kedarnath N Sastry
Chief Scientific Manager, R&D APIs
·Insulin, Erythropoietin, Filgrastim (GCSF), Streptokinase, Monoclonal Antibodies
Phone: +91 80 2808 2808
Biologicals
Website ·Oncology: Biomab EGFR
www.biocon.comz ·Nephrology: Erypro Safe, Tacrograf, Rapacan, Cyclophil ME, Renodapt, Renodapt-S
·Cardiology: Statix, Statix-F, Statix-EZ, Clasprin, Telmisat, Telmisat H, Telmisat R 2.5 and 5, Zargo, Zargo H, Zigpril
·Diabetology: Insugen R, Insugen N, Insugen 30/70, Insugen 50/50, Blisto 1 & 2, Blisto MF 1 & 2, Metadoze IPR, Piodart, Piodart MF, TriGPM, Zuker MF, Gabil, GMAB Plus, Orlisat
Dosage Forms
· Insulin and Statin
·The company also offers licensing, contract manufacturing and research services
5.3.1.1 Biocon
Area of R&D Activity R&D Spend

Biocon focuses its R&D activities on the three broad domains of Process Sciences, Non-clinical Research The R&D spend of the company over the last few years is as follows:
and Clinical Research.
R&D Expenditure (2003–2007)
Process Sciences:
500 6
R&D Spend as percentage of sales

· Biologicals: Development of cell lines, fermentation, purification and formulation processes and
R&D Expenditure in INR Million

450
analytical methods 400 5
· Small Molecules: Development of pharmaceuticals for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, nephrology, 350 4
inflammatory ailments and oncology 300
· Chemistry: Development of new generics by using chemical synthesis expertise (anti-infectives, 250 3
200
oncology, immunosuppressive) 2
150
Non-clinical Research: 100 1
· Toxicology and Pharmacology Studies 50
Clinical Research: 0 0
· Clinical Protocols for Novel Drugs 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
R&D Expenditure
Biocon's skill base in R&D covers the domains of Microbiology and Strain Improvement, Biochemical
R&D Spend as a percentage of Sales
Engineering, Gene Cloning and Expression, Fermentation Development, Recombinant Microbial and
Mammalian Cell Culture, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Process Development (Biologicals and Small develop, manufacture and market virulence blockers.
Molecules), Biotransformations, Biomolecular Characterisation, Oral and Parenteral Formulation ·Biocon entered into a joint venture with the Cuban Institute CIMAB to form Biocon Biopharmaceuticals
development, Clinical development and Non-clinical development. Pvt. Ltd. to develop immunotherapy products.
·Biocon and Nobex Corp., North Carolina had entered into a research collaboration to develop an oral
Location of R&D Facilities insulin product for the treatment of diabetes.
The company's R&D activities are carried out at Bangalore.
Intellectual Property
R&D-related Joint Ventures Biocon has over 130 granted patents and almost 800 patent applications worldwide, covering the
· In 2007, Biocon tied up with Deakin University to develop a mammalian cell bio-processing facility. technology domains of fermentation, protein purification, drug delivery systems and biotherapeutic
· In 2005, Biocon and Karolinska Institute signed an MoU to work together on research-related molecules.
initiatives.
· Biocon and Vaccinex entered into an agreement in 2004 to develop therapeutic antibodies.
· The company partnered with IATRICa, Inc. to develop immunoconjugates for the immunotherapy of
cancers and infectious diseases.
· Syngene, a subsidiary of Biocon entered into an agreement with Innate Pharmaceuticals in 2006 to
5.3.1.2 Nicholas Piramal India Limited (NPIL)
Nicholas Piramal is a leading player Products and Services

in India's Pharmaceutical Sector. NPIL offers a wide range of products in the following categories:
The company has a number of joint
ventures, alliances and Analgesics/Anti-inflammatory, Antibiotics, Anti-fungal, Antihistamines, Antiseptics, Cardiovascular, Central Nervous System, Diabetes, Dermatology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology,
partnerships. Multivitamins/Nutraceuticals, Critical Care, Pulmonary/Respiratory, Trauma/Emergency
Contact Details Domestic Formulations

Nicholas Piramal Research Centre, Please refer to http://www.nicholaspiramal.com/pro_formulations.htm for a complete list of products under Domestic Formulations.
NPIL,
1 Nirlon Complex, International Formulations
Off Western Express Highway, Halothane, Isoflurane, Polygeline, Tetmosol
Goregaon (East)
Mumbai 400063 Diagnostic and Patient Care
Lab Diagnostics Kits and Equipment
Contact Person
Dr. Somesh Sharma Vitamins
Chief Scientific Officer Human Nutrition and Health, Animal Nutrition and Health, Cosmetic Premixes
Please refer to http://www.vfcdnicholas.com/ for a complete list of products under Vitamins and Fine Chemicals.
Ram Vishwakarma
Email Herbal Products
rvishwakarma@nicholaspiramal.co.i A range of poly-herbals and mono-herbals
n
Dosage Forms
Phone Area of R&D Activity
+91 22 3046 6666 NPIL focuses its R&D activities on the following research areas:
· Natural Products: Metabolites from various microbes
Website · Herbal Products: Medicinal leads from Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha for Oncology, Arthritis and Dermatology
www.nicholaspiramal.com · Medicinal and Synthetic Chemistry: Lead identification and lead optimisation activities and new molecules based on Structure-Activity Relationships
· Special Projects: Pro-drugs, which combine established drugs with other molecular combinations to enhance the original drug
· Cheminformatics: Development of compounds databases and software tools, modelling drug-receptor and drug-drug interactions in silico, optimising drug structures and evaluating
compounds using mathematics, statistics, chemistry, biology and information technology
· Process Development: Improvement of existing processes, development of analytical methods, validation, impurity profiling, polymorph evaluation and generation of data and
5.3.1.2 Nicholas Piramal India Limited (NPIL)
documentation for regulatory filings. R&D Spend

·Pharmacology: In vitro and in vivo screening of compounds in the areas of Oncology, Inflammation and The R&D spend of the company over the last few years is as follows:
Diabetes R&D Expenditure (2003–2007)
·Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK): Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of 1200 8

drug molecules in animals

7
·Molecular Biology: Gene cloning, expression and purification of therapeutic proteins, development of 1000
6
cell-based assays 800
5
·Biomarker: Development of surrogate biological markers
600 4
·Clinical Research: Deign of clinical trial protocols, monitoring of trials, interaction with clinical
3
investigators and regulatory authorities and successful development and registration of a new drug 400
·Drug Discovery Research: Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical R&D, Corporate Regulatory Affairs, 2
200
Patents and Animal House 1
0 0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
NPIL places a strong focus on leveraging India's vast knowledge base in traditional medicinal systems such Year
as Ayurveda to source for drug-lead molecules. R&D Expenditure
The company focuses on four therapeutic areas of Oncology, Inflammation, Diabetes/Metabolic Syndrome R&D Spend as a percentage of Sales
and Infectious diseases
Please refer to http://www.nicholaspiramal.com/rnd_functional_areas.htm for details on NPIL's research

areas. ·Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu
·Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow
Location of R&D Facilities ·National Institute of Immunology, Delhi
The R&D activities of NPIL are carried out at the Nicholas Piramal Research Centre (NPRC) at Goregaon, ·National Institute of Oceanography, Goa
Mumbai. The 300,000-square-feet facility houses separate laboratories for natural products, herbal ·Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata
products, medicinalsynthetic chemistry, cheminformatics, cell-based screening assays, animal
pharmacology, molecular biology, process and scale-up chemistry and pharmaceutical R&D. The company also has collaborations with the following companies:
The employee strength of the R&D section was recorded at 387 in 200607. · In 200607, the company signed agreements with Eli Lilly (USA) to develop a novel, patented, pre-
clinical drug candidate and with Napo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (USA) to develop new products.
R&D-related Joint Ventures/Collaborations · In 200506, NPIL entered into a long-term contract manufacturing-related R&D service agreement with
NPIL has R&D partnerships with the following academic institutions and organisations: Pfizer International LLC.
· Anna University, Chennai
· Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
5.3.1.3 Dabur Pharma Limited
Dabur Pharma Limited offers oral Products and Services

and injectable finished dosage Dabur Pharma Limited offers the following products under the two broad divisions of APIs and dosage forms:
forms, active pharmaceutical APIs
ingredients (APIs) and Anti-cancer, Drug Intermediate, Calcium Regulators, Cyto-protective, Anti-emetic, Anti-histaminic, Expectorant, Vasodilator, Nutritional Supplement, Anti-thrombotic, Analgesic, Diagnostic
intermediates. The company uses aid, Muscle Relaxant, Anti-osteoporotic, Paclitaxel Injection Concentrate, Vinorelbine Injection, Carboplatin Injection, Cisplatin Injection, Etoposide Injection, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride
the services of Dabur Research Injection, Cytarabine Injection, Fluorouracil Injection, Methotrexate Injection, Methotrexate Tablet, Cyclophosphamide Injection, Cyclophosphamide Tablet, Ifosfamide Injection,
Foundation (DRF) for its R&D Hydroxyurea Capsule, etc.
activities.
Special
Contact Details Tailor-made preparations for patients, pharmacists and clinicians
Dabur Research Foundation
22, Site IV, Analytical
Sahibabad Analytical techniques for pre-formulation, formulation, manufacture and quality control of trial materials
Ghaziabad 201010
Logistics
Contact Person Logistic requirements
Mr. Moloy Mitra
Contract Manufacturing
Contract manufacturing of drugs for commercial use, trials and stability studies
Phone
+91 120 437 8400 Pre-formulations and Formulations
Extensive pre-formulation studies and formulation development involving Analytical development, Physicochemical studies, Bio pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics
Website Dabur Research Foundation offers contract research services in areas such as Preclinical Biology, Chemistry and Analysis, New Drug Delivery Systems, Formulation Development and
www.daburpharma.com Clinical Trials.
Dabur Research Foundation offers contract research services in areas such as Preclinical Biology, Chemistry and Analysis, New Drug Delivery Systems, Formulation Development and
Clinical Trials.
Area of R&D Activity

Dabur Pharma focuses its R&D activities in Innovative products, Generics and Super Generics and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)
Location of R&D Facilities

The R&D activities of Dabur Pharma Ltd. are carried out at the Dabur Research Foundation.
5.3.1.3 Dabur Pharma Limited
R&D-related Joint Ventures/Collaborations R&D Spend

Dabur Pharma Ltd. has research collaborations with various research institutions, government laboratories The R&D spend of the company over the last few years is as follows:
and universities.
400 12
Research Institutions

· Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 10
300
· Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 8
· Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
· International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 200 6
· Cancer Research Institute, Mumbai 4
· National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 100
2
· Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad
· Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 0 0
· Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
· Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata
R&D Expenditure
· Delhi University, Delhi
R&D Spend as a percentage of Sales
· Hyderabad University, Hyderabad
· Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi
· Jamia Hamdard, Delhi
· Jadhavpur University, Kolkata
· Birla Institute of Technology And Science (BITS), Pilani
Intellectual Property
Dabur Pharma has filed 130 patents worldwide out of which 40 patents have been granted.
5.3.1.4 Dr. Reddy's Laboratories
Dr. Reddy's Laboratories is a Products and Services R&D Spend

globally-renowned pharmaceutical The company offers a wide range of pharmaceutical products in the following areas: The estimated R&D expenditure of the company between 2004
company that offers a wide range of · Gastrointestinal Omez, Omez injection, Omez FF20, Omez FF40 and Omez DSR and 2008 is depicted in the figure below:
pharmaceutical products. · Cardiovascular Stamlo (2.5, 5, 10), Stamola Beta, StamloBeta-M and Enam D
· Pain Management Nise 100, Nise MR, Nise Gel, Nise injection, Ketoral Tab, Ketoral injection and Ketoral DT R&D Expenditure (2004–2008E)
Contact Details · Antibiotics Ciprolet (100, 250, 500, 750), Ciprolet DS, Ciprolet IV-FFS, Ciprolet AH, Eye and Ear drops, Ciprolet

Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., XL, Ciprolet XLS and Ciprolet injection 3500 20

Bolaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad The company owns a strategic business unit, Custom Pharmaceutical Service, works to facilitate a faster launch 3000
500 049 of the company's products. 2500 15
2000
10
Contact Person Areas of R&D Activity 1500
Dr. Rajinder Kumar, The company's R&D activities are focused toward the following areas: 1000 5
President, R&D and Commercial · Development of product formulation, process validation and bioequivalency testing for new drugs 500
· Development of chemical processes for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) 0 0
Phone · Development of oncology and biotechnology products for emerging markets 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
+91 040 2304 5439 · Discovering drugs for therapeutic areas such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disorders, oncology and R&D Expenditure
bacterial infections R&D Spend as a percentage of Sales
Website · Modification of existing manufacturing processes for a few products
www.drreddys.com · Development of analytical methods for products in various therapeutic areas

The company owns high-tech R&D laboratories in Hyderabad and Bangalore
R&D-related Joint Ventures

· In 200708, DRL signed an R&D partnership agreement with I-VEN Pharma Capital Limited (I-VEN).
· In 200607, the company entered into an agreement with ClinTec International for joint development of anti-
cancer compounds.
· In 200506, it finalised three major deals with Perlecan, Rheoscience and Argenta for collaborating on various
R&D activities.
5.3.1.5 Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited
Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. is an Products and Services

integrated, research-based Ranbaxy manufactures and markets generic pharmaceuticals, value-added generic pharmaceuticals, branded generics, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and intermediates. It
pharmaceutical company that offers approximately 5,000 SKUs in chronic and acute medicine segments. The company offers medicines for cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases, respiratory disorders,
provides medications for a wide dermatological problems, musculoskeletal diseases and urinary tract infections. In addition, it offers nutritional products.
range of therapeutic indications.
The company ranks among the The top 10 molecules developed by Ranbaxy are Simvastatin, Amoxy+Clav Potas Com, Amoxycillin, Ciprofloxacin, Isotretinon, Cephalexin, Ketorolac Tromethamine, Cefaclor,
world's top 10 generic companies. Clarithromycin and Cefuroxime Axetil.
Contact Details Areas of R&D Activity

Ranbaxy R&D Centre, New Drug Discovery Research (NDDR) and Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) are the key research areas of Ranbaxy.
Plot No. 20, Sector 18, · NDDR: Anti-infectives, inflammatory/respiratory diseases, metabolic diseases, malaria, oncology and urology
Udyog Vihar Industrial Area, · NDDS: NDAs/ANDAs of oral controlled-release products for regulated markets
Gurgaon 122001
NDDS technologies are based on multiparticulate, modified matrix, gastroretentive and aerogel platforms.
Contact Person
Udbhav Ganjoo ·The company is also working to develop technologies for APIs, key drug intermediates, and conventional and value-added innovative dosage forms that conform to international
udbhav.ganjoo@ranbaxy.com quality and regulatory norms.
·The company is also researching into soft gels, dispersible and chewable tabs, gels and effervescent medicines.
Phone: +91 124 234 2001-10 ·Further, the company is involved with developing 'platform technologies' and products in NDDS.
·The company carries out extensive research on new drug molecules in select areas, such as infectious diseases, metabolic diseases, inflammatory/respiratory diseases and oncology.
Website ·Ranbaxy also develops herbal medications, which involves standardisation of botanical actives, and carries out toxicity and clinical studies of these drugs.
www.ranbaxy.com ·Other R&D areas include GLP/cGCP-compliant bioavailability/bioequivalence, toxicology and clinical studies (Phase I, II and III), designing of innovative packaging and regular
advances in existing technologies and products.
The company plans to focus on the following areas in future:

Complex products such as OCRS and P-IV FTFs, and specialised areas, such as biosimilars, oncology/cytotoxics, oral contraceptives, respiratory diseases and dermatology
Enhancement of its research network and alliances worldwide
5.3.1.5 Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited
Location of R&D Facilities R&D Spend

Ranbaxy has a multi-disciplinary R&D centre at Gurgaon. It has separate facilities for generics research and The R&D spend of the company over the last few years is as follows:
innovative research. The R&D centre accommodates more than 1,200 scientists.
The company has spun off its NDDR group into a separate unit, Ranbaxy Life Science Research Ltd.
5 15

R&D-related Joint Ventures 4 12
· Ranbaxy has forged an alliance with GlaxoSmithKline for two collaborative research programmes in the 3 9
anti-infective and respiratory segments.
· In 2007, the company increased its equity stake in Zenotech Laboratories Limited (Hyderabad), from 2 6
6.94 percent to 46.95 percent, to gain access to a robust platform in biologics and speciality 1 3
injectables, including oncology products.
0 0
· The company also inked an agreement with Jupiter Biosciences Limited (Hyderabad), which carries out
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
R&D activities in the therapeutic segment of peptides.
· In 2004, Ranbaxy signed a collaborative research agreement with Avestha Gengraine Technologies Pvt. R&D Expenditure
Ltd. for NDDR. R&D Spend as a percentage of Sales
· It also has a collaborative research programme with Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), Geneva.
· The company has an R&D alliance with Anna University to identify natural product leads for type 2
diabetes and inflammatory diseases.
· It has a collaborative programme with the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
(NIPER) in the field of respiratory diseases.
· Ranbaxy has research alliances with Bayer (Cipro OD Technology out licensed) and PPD, US (Statin
molecule out licensed).
· In April 2008, the company signed a collaborative research agreement with the Department of
Biotechnology to develop medicines for tuberculosis.
· The company has a tie-up with the Hyderabad-based Virchow Biotech Private Limited. The two
companies have jointly developed BONISTA-Teriparatide injection for the treatment of osteoporosis.56
56
Source: The Financial Express
5.3.2. R&D Scenario in IT Sector

A study released by Zinnov Consulting has suggested that Indian engineering products offshoring could
witness a sustained growth of 23 percent till 2012. There are almost 600 captive R&D centres in India,
primarily concentrated in Bangalore, Pune, National Capital Region, Hyderabad and Chennai. These centres
cater to three broad segmentssoftware product development, engineering services and embedded
systemswhich have a market of INR 250 billion.
Companies such as Infosys, Wipro and TCS are involved in significant levels of product R&D activity.
International companies have R&D agreements with various Indian market leaders. For example, ARM has
eight R&D partners in IndiaHCL, KPIT, IBM, MindTree, Sasken, TCS, Wipro and Tata Elxsi.
Figure 16 illustrates estimated revenues from engineering services, R&D and software products between
2004 and 2008.
Figure 16 : Revenues from Engineering Services, R&D and Software Products (2004 - 2008E)
300
270.24
250
210.19
Revenues (in USD Billion)
200
171.58
150 132.98
107.24
94.37
100
68.63
55.76
50 30.03
17.16
0
FY 2004 FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008E
Revenues from Exports (in INR Billion*) Revenues from Domestic Operations (in INR Billion*)
Source : NASSCOM 2007
5.3.2.1 Infosys Technologies Ltd.
Infosys is a leading multinational IT Products and Services R&D Spend

and consulting company in India. It Infosys offers services in the domains of Consulting, IT, Engineering, BPO and The R&D spend of the company over the last few years is as follows:
offers services in design and Banking.
development of IT-enabled solutions
to its clients. It has a work force of Consulting Services Strategic and Competitive Analysis and Complex R&D Expenditure (2003–2007)
over 91,000 and 40 development Operational Changes 1,800 1.5
R&D Spend as percentage of Total Revenues

centres across the globe.
R&D Expenditure (in INR Million)

IT Services Application Services, Architecture Services, Independent 1,500
Contact Details Validation Services, Information Management Services, Infrastructure Services,
Plot No. 44 and 97A, 1,200 1.0
Packaged Application Services and Systems Integration Services
Electronics City,
900
Hosur Road, Engineering Services Product Engineering, Process Engineering and Plant
Bangalore 560100 Operations, and Life Cycle Management 600 0.5
Contact Person BPO Services Business Platforms, Customer Service Outsourcing, Finance 300
Pinaki Ghosh and Accounting, Human Resource Outsourcing, Knowledge
Principal Researcher, Services/Knowledge Process Outsourcing, Legal Process Outsourcing, Order 0 0.0
SETLabs Management and Procurement Outsourcing 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
R&D Expenditure R&D Spend as a percentage of Total Revenues
Phone Finance Core Banking, e-Banking, Islamic Banking, Treasury, Wealth
+91 80 2852 0261 Management and CRM Requirements of Retail, Corporate and Universal Banks
The company offers services to the following industries:
Website Aerospace and Defence, Automotive, Banking and Capital Markets,
www.infosys.com Communications, Consumer Packaged Groups, Discrete Manufacturing,
Education, Energy, Healthcare, High Technology, Hospitality and Leisure,
Insurance, Life Sciences, Media and Entertainment, Resources, Retail,
Transportation and Utilities
56
Source: Financial Express
57
Source: PC Quest
* Note: The currency has been converted to
INR by using the current foreign exchange
conversion rate.
5.3.2.1 Infosys Technologies Ltd.
Area of R&D Activity Location of R&D Facilities

Software Engineering and Technology Labs (SETLabs) is the R&D section of Infosys. It carries out targeted This information is not available.
research in the fields of Malleable Architecture, Pervasive Access, Flexible Processes and Personalised
Information R&D-related Joint Ventures
Infosys has research collaborations with universities, institutes and technology/platform vendors to carry
Flexible Processes Business Process Management, Intelligent Systems, Enterprise Collaboration and out research in the fields of Software Engineering and Enterprise IT.
Knowledge Engineering/Ontology · The company has a tie-up with the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, for research in the area
Malleable Architecture Web Services, Software Architecture, Open Source and Grid Computing of Game Theoretical Algorithms for Formation of Supply Chains.
Personalised Information Enterprise Content Management, Business Intelligence, Data Warehousing, · It has also collaborated with the Indian Institute of Technology (Kanpur) for research on Smart RFID and
Knowledge Management, Security, Infrastructure and Legacy Systems its applications to biometric devices.
Pervasive Access Mobile Computing, Convergent Technologies and Sensor Networks · Infosys has set up an R&D centre along with ALSTOM in Infosys's Bangalore premises to carry out
IS/Cost Management Outsourcing, IT Strategy, IT Management, Solution Methodologies, Regulatory research in the high-end engineering fields, such as product development, engineering simulation,
Compliance and IT Organisation Research control engineering and Product Lifecycle Management.
Technology Platforms .NET, J2EE and Linux
The company also carries out research in Engineering Methodologies, Performance Engineering, QoS and
Platform Engineering under the domain of Software Engineering.
It has a few Centres of Excellence (CoE), which focus on extending technology competence in convergence,
data warehouse and business intelligence, grid computing, J2EE, Microsoft and SOA.
Centres of Excellence (CoE)

Convergence Enterprise Mobility, Pervasive Computing and Wireless-Sensor Networks
Data Warehouse and Business Intelligence Processes for Data Warehouse Development
Grid Computing Performance and Scalability, Management and Flexibility, Infrastructure
Utilisation and Consolidation and Information Virtualisation
J2EE Java Enterprise Technology
Microsoft Collaboration with Microsoft Product Teams
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) Methodologies, Frameworks and Accelerators to
enable scalable and customer-centric adoption of SOA and Web Services.
5.3.2.2 Wipro Technologies Ltd.
Wipro, the world's first CMMi Level Products and Services R&D Spend
5-certified software services Wipro offers the following services: The R&D spend of the company over the last few years is as follows:
company, provides integrated · IT Services Application Development and Maintenance, Architecture

business, technology and process Consulting, B2E, Business Intelligence and Information Management,
solutions. With 53 development Business Process Management, Portals and Content Management, 300

centres across the globe, Wipro Enterprise Applications Services, Enterprise Security, Legacy Migration,
250
generates revenues of over 500 Package Implementation, Product Life Cycle Management, Quality
million from R&D. Consulting, System Integration, Enterprise Business Integration, Tandem 200
NonStop Application Services, Testing Services and Service-oriented 150
Contact Details architecture. Please refer to http://www.wipro.com/itservices/index.htm
Doddakannelli, for complete details on IT services. 100
Sarjapur Road, · Product Engineering Solutions DSP and Multimedia, Engineering 50
Bangalore 560035 Design Services, Hardware Design (VLSI), Product Lifecycle Management
(PLM), Product Strategy and Architecture, Product Support services, 0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Phone Semiconductor IP, Tandem NonStop services, Technical Publication and
+91 80 2844 0011 Testing. R&D Expenditure
· Technology Infrastructure Services Managed services, Infrastructure
Website Consulting and Integration, Managed Security, Telecom Infrastructure, Typically, about 3637 percent of Wipro's revenues are generated from its R&D services.
www.wipro.com Product Support and Business Service Management
· Business Process Outsourcing Services Finance and Accounting,
Procurement, Loyalty Services, HR Services, Knowledge Services and
Legal Process Outsourcing
· Consulting Services Business Consulting, Process Consulting, Quality
Consulting and Technology Consulting
The company serves the following industries:

Telecom, Aerospace, Defence and Satellite, Automotive Electronics, Consumer
Electronics, Computing Systems, Industrial Automation, Medical Devices,
Printing and Digital Imaging, Semiconductors, Software Products and Storage.
5.3.2.2 Wipro Technologies Ltd.

Wipro offers R&D services to its clients across all stages from product conceptualisation to product realisation.
The company has the following three key focus areas:
Telecommunications and Inter-networking Software and Hardware Design, Fibre Optics Communication Networks, Wireless Networks, Data Networks, Voice switching Networks
and Networking Protocols
Embedded Systems and Internet Access Devices Embedded Systems Solutions
Product Engineering Solutions Software Application Integration, Network Integration and Maintenance Services

Wipro has 53 development centres across the globe. Please refer to http://www.wipro.com/aboutus/locations.htm for a complete list of the locations.
R&D related Joint Ventures/Collaboration

This information is not available.
5.3.2.3 Sasken Communication Technologies Ltd.
Infosys is a leading multinational IT Products and Services R&D Spend

and consulting company in India. It Sasken offers R&D consultancy services, wireless software products and The R&D spend of the company over the last few years is as follows:
offers services in design and services to network OEMs, semiconductor vendors and terminal device OEMs, R&D Expenditure (2003–2007)
development of IT-enabled solutions and operators across the globe.
250 10.0

to its clients. It has a work force of
over 91,000 and 40 development

200 8.0
centres across the globe. Sasken Wireless Protocol Stacks GSM/GPRS/EDGE/WCDMA protocol
stacks
Contact Details 150 6.0
Plot No. 44 and 97A, Sasken Application Framework Flexible, platform-agnostic, scalable
Electronics City, software solution for rapid development of differentiated feature phones 100 4.0
Hosur Road, across platforms and phone segments
Bangalore 560100 50 2.0
Sasken Multimedia Subsystems Applications, such as Media Browser,
Contact Person Media Capture, Media Player and DRM Support
0 0.0
Pinaki Ghosh 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Principal Researcher, Services
R&D Expenditure R&D Spend as a percentage of Total Revenues
SETLabs The company offers the following services:
· IC Design services
Phone · Hardware Design services
+91 80 2852 0261 · Silicon Platform Software services
· Hardware Testing services
Website Sasken has modern R&D centres in India, Finland and Mexico.
· Handset Technology services
www.infosys.com India: Bangalore, Pune and Chennai
· Test Lab services
Finland: Kaustinen, Tampere, Oulu and Turku
· Network services
Mexico: Monterrey
· Offshore Development Centres
R&D related Joint Ventures

This information is not available.
Sasken undertakes R&D activities in the following areas:
Integrated solution product line directed at the feature phone market
Multimedia codecs, applications and DSL
2.5G and 3G protocol stacks
5.3.3 R&D Scenario in Automotive Sector

A considerable number of patent applications have been published by Indian companies. During the period
January 2005December 2007, TVS Group had the maximum number of patent applications (121) published
by the IPO, followed by Tata Motors (66), Bajaj Auto (29) and Mahindra & Mahindra (27). Bajaj Auto and
Mahindra & Mahindra have filed patent applications outside India (US, EP and PCT) as well.
5.3.3.1 Bajaj Auto Limited
Bajaj Auto Limited is the world's Products and Services

fourth largest two-and three- Bajaj Auto Ltd. offers a range of motorcycles, scooters and three-wheelers.
wheeler manufacturer. It is India's · Motorcycles: Bajaj manufactures six different bikesXCD 125 DTS-Si, Pulsar 220 DTS-Fi, Platina, Discover, Pulsar DTS-I and Avenger DTS-i.
largest exporter and has a wide · Scooter: The company manufactures Bajaj Kristal DTS-i.
distribution network in about 50 · Three-wheelers: Bajaj offers six different models of passenger carriers/rickshawsRE 2S, RE 4S, RE 4S CNG, RE 4S LPG, RE Diesel and RE Diesel Mega, and Goods CarriersGC 1000
countries. and Hi-Dec.
The company exports its ungeared 100 cc scooter, 100 to 200 cc motorcycles and three-wheelers175 cc Petrol/CNG/LPG Four Stroke, 150 cc Petrol/CNG/LPG Two Stroke and 416 cc Diesel.
Contact Details Bajaj also has its own service stations at various locations across India.
Bajaj Auto Ltd.
Akurdi, R&D related Joint Ventures
Pune 411035 ·Bajaj Auto Ltd. has a technical tie-up with Kawasaki Heavy Industries of Japan to produce the latest two-wheelers in India.
·It also has collaborations with Kubota and Tokyo R&D of Japan for the development of ungeared scooters and mopeds.
Contact Person
Abraham Joseph,
Head of R&D section R&D Spend
Bajaj Auto Ltd. has made significant investments on facilities for testing and prototyping and for advanced design and analysis. The company's R&D expenditure over the past few years
Email was as follows:
ashoksaxena@bajajauto.co.in
swalunjkar@balonmove.com
ssdeshpande@bajajauto.co.in
R&D Spend as percentage of Sales

1200 1.4
dkbanerjee@balonmove.com
1000 1.2
1.0
Phone 800
+91 20 2747 2851 0.8
600
+91 20 2747 6151 0.6
400
0.4
Website 200 0.2
www.bajajauto.com 0 0.0
2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07
R&D Expenditure R&D Spend as percentage of Sales
58
Source: Bajaj Auto - Annual Report 2005-06
5.3.3.2 Mahindra & Mahindra
Mahindra & Mahindra is a leading Products and Services

manufacturer of multi-utility The Mahindra Group offers products and services in the areas of automobiles, engines, information technology, rural finance, engineering and stamping, and steel.
vehicles in India. The company The products manufactured by Mahindra are as follows:
offers a wide range of vehicles, · Automotive: Three- and four-wheelers, Pick-Ups, Light Commercial Vehicles, Sports Utility Vehicles and Mass Transport Utility Vehicles
from mass-transport utility vehicles · Farm Equipment: Tractors, Engines and Farm Implements
to personal sports utility vehicles
such as Scorpio. ·The company offers services in the areas of Finance, Information Technology, Infrastructure Development and other Speciality businesses.
·Trade and Financial Services: Insurance and Risk Management, Ferro Alloys and Metal Scrap, Loans and Mutual Funds, Steel and steel related services, Technical Products and
Contact Details Services, Toys and Apparel
Mahindra Towers, ·Information Technology: Dealership Management, Facility Management and Software Solutions
G. M. Bhosale Marg, ·Infrastructure Development: Development of Infrastructure Projects, Engineering Consultancy Services, Information Security Consultancy, Integrated Business Cities, Lifetime Holidays,
Worli, Living and Working Spaces
Mumbai 400018 ·Systech: Composites, Engineering Services, Forgings, Gears, Services Centres for Automotive and Electrical Steels, Sourcing of Auto Components, Stampings and Steel
·Speciality Business: Ash Handling Equipments for Power Plants, Corporate People Movement, Defence Vehicles and Supply Chain Management
Contact Person
Mr. Srinivas A., R&D Spend
General Manager The R&D expenditure of Mahindra & Mahindra was INR 4.1 million in 2006.
R&D Centre, Nashik
Email The company focuses its R&D activities in the field of alternate propulsion technologies.59
contactus-as@mahindra.com
Phone Mahindra & Mahindra has a state-of-the-art R&D centre at Nasik.
1800-425-1624 The company's Automotive R&D department has about 1,200 engineers and technologists.60
Website R&D related Joint Ventures

www.mahindra.com Mahindra & Mahindra had tied up with IITKanpur for a project on Bio-Diesel and with Indian Oil Corporation's R&D centre and Lubrizol for another Bio-Diesel programme.
The company has entered into partnerships with international companies such as Renault SA, France and International Truck and Engine Corporation, US. 61
59
Source: Mahindra Newsletter
60
Source: Mahindra Bio-Diesel Programme
61
Source: Mahindra Auto Expo 2008
5.3.3.3 Tata Motors Limited
Tata Motors is India's largest Products and Services R&D Spend

automobile company. The company Tata Motors offers products in the compact, midsize car and utility segments. The R&D expenditure for Tata Motors Limited for the past few years has been as follows:
ranks fifth in the world in the The company manufactures passenger cars, utility vehicles, trucks, buses and
manufacture of medium-and heavy- defence vehicles.
commercial vehicles and second in R&D Expenditure (2003–2007)
R&D Spend as Percentage of Net Turnover

the manufacture of medium and Passanger Cars Indica V2, Indica V2 Turbo, Indica V2 Xeta, Indica V2 Dicor, 9,000 3.5

heavy buses. Indigo XL, Indigo, Indigo Marina, Indigo CS and Fiat Cars 8,000 3.0
Utility Vehicles Safari Dicor, Sumo Grande and Sumo 7,000
Contact Details Trucks Medium and Heavy Commercial Vehicles Rigid Trucks (8), Tractor 2.5
6,000
Bombay House Trailers (3), Tippers (5) and Applications (6); Intermediate Commercial Vehicles 5,000 2.0
24, Homi Mody Street (2); Light Commercial Vehicles (11); Small Commercial Vehicles (1); Tata Novus 4,000 1.5
Mumbai 400001 and TL 4 X 4 3,000
1.0
Buses Starbus and Globus, and 10 other buses 2,000
Phone Defence Vehicles Troop Carriers (8) 1,000 0.5
+91 22 6665 8282 0 0.0
The company provides 24-hour customer-assistance services and an annual 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
maintenance contract. R&D Expenditure R&D Spend as percentage of Net Turnover

aggregates.
Tata Motors focuses its R&D activities on product development and
·Pune centre: The facility at Pune houses India's only certified crash-test facility and hemi-
environment-friendly technologies in emissions and alternative fuels. The
anechoic chamber for testing of noise and vibration.
company carries out extensive research on CNG, LPG and bio-diesel, and other
alternative-fuel options such as ethanol blending and hydrogen.
The company has the following facilities in its research centres:
· Test Beds, Chassis Dynamometer Emission Lab, Electrodynamic Vibration Shaker Platform,
In the area of electronics, the company focuses its R&D activities on engine-
Instrumentation Laboratory for Engine Development
management systems, in-vehicle network architecture, telematics for
· A laboratory for research on reducing emissions and achieve maximum fuel consumption
communication and tracking, and other emerging technologies.
efficiencies
· Test Tracks and Four Poster Servo-Hydraulic Test Facility for Durability Testing
Location of R&D Facilities · A CAD centre for designing and styling of new products
The company has Engineering Research facilities in Pune, Jamshedpur and
Lucknow. The R&D team comprises of about 1,400 scientists and engineers.
· Jamshedpur centre: This centre regularly upgrades components and
Tata Motors has a R&D-related joint venture with Hitachi.
5.3.4 R&D Scenario in Energy and Chemicals Sector
5.3.4.1 Reliance Industries Limited
Reliance Industries Limited is India’s Products and Services R&D Spend

largest private sector company. It Reliance Industries Limited offers a wide range of products in the following The company's R&D expenditure is depicted in the figure below:
emerged as the second-largest categories: R&D Expenditure (2003–2008E)
R&D Speed as Percentage of Sales

R&D Expenditure (in INR million)
company from India to feature in the · Petrochemicals (polymers) Repol, Relene, Reon and Relpippe 3,500 0.30
2007 Fortune Global 500 listing of · Petroleum Products Transport fuel, including fuel for the aviation industry, 3,000 0.25
the world’s largest corporations. and domestic fuel 2,500
0.20
· Textiles Fabrics and Furnishings 2,000
Contact Details · The company's operations and service offerings can be broadly classified 0.15
1,500
Reliance Industries Ltd., into three groups. 0.10
1,000
Makers Chambers-IV, · Petroleum Refining and Marketing 500 0.05
Nariman Point, · Petrochemicals 0 0.00
Mumbai 400 021 · Oil and Gas Exploration and Production 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08E
R&D Expenditure R&D Spend as Percentage of Sales
Contact Person Area of R&D Activity
Dr. Vinod Dhanuk The company is involved in research and development in the oil and gas, ·Research and technological developments in the fields of nanocomposites, polymer
petrochemicals and polymer divisions. A few of the research activities are in processing, next-generation packaging materials, high-value chemicals, biodegradable
Contact Number the following areas: polymers and polymer additives
Tel: +91-022-2278 5000 · Synergistic PP clarifiers ·The company has a Polymer Research and Technology Centre (PRTC), which is involved in R&D
· Energy-efficient process for a portfolio of ultra-high molecular weight in the field of polymers. Please visit http://www.ril.com/html/business/polymers_prtc2.html
Website grades for details of R&D activities in the field of polymers.
www.ril.com · Development of new-generation paraffin dehydrogenation catalysts (RPDC-
10) Location of R&D Facilities
· Commercialisation of new-generation para diethyl benzene catalysts RIL's R&D facilities are located in Vadodara and Hazira Gujarat, Nagpur and Patalganga,
· Development of catalysts for hydrogenation of acetylene in HCL stream Maharashtra and Hoshiarpur, Punjab
· Development of noble-metal-based catalysts for pet plants
· High-impact polystyrene grade polybutadiene rubber R&D-related Joint Ventures
· Adsorptive process for recovery of monomers RIL's Polymer Research and Technology Centre carries out a number of projects in the field of
· Optimisation of oxychlorination reactor and modelling of ethylene polymers in collaboration with various academic institutions. It has signed research alliance
dichloride cracker agreements with institutions such as IITs (Mumbai, Delhi and Chennai), NCL, V-Life Sciences
· Development of low-abrasive full-dull yarns for high-speed texturising (Pune), UICT (Mumbai) and Stanford University (USA). The company has collaborated with Sir
· Development of Recron Rainbow Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology and IIT Mumbai to train science graduates to meet its
· Development of Relcot for moisture management fabrics R&D needs.
· Commercialisation of bi-component pilot plant
5.3.4.2 Suzlon Energy Ltd.
Suzlon Energy Ltd. offers wind Products and Services

energy solutions. The company The company provides innovative, efficient and customised wind power
stands fifth in the world in the solutions to meet the ever-increasing demands of economic development
manufacturing of wind turbines. without harming the environment.
It provides a wide range of customised wind turbine models, ranging from 350
Contact Details KW to 2.1 MW, catering to different climatic conditions. A few models are
Suzlon Energy Ltd., listed as follows:
2nd and 5th floor, · S52600 KW Makes use of micro pitch technology, advanced controls and
Godrej Millennium, highest hub height
9 Koregaon Park Road, Pune, · S821.20 MW Makes use of micro-pitch technology, high-performance
India gearbox and advanced yaw system
Contact Person R&D Spend

Pradeep Kumar, Data pertaining to the company's R&D expenditure was not available.
Global Chief Technology Officer Areas of R&D Activity
Suzlon's R&D programme focuses on the following areas:
Contact Number · Development of next-generation wind power solutions, which are more
+91 020 4012 2000 cost effective and reliable
· Development of customised product portfolios to meet various and
Website changing needs
www.suzlon.com · Development of technologies to reduce the end cost of power from wind,
in cost-per-KW/h terms
· Collection of data for designing and development of wind turbines.

The company's R&D facilities are located in Germany, The Netherlands,
Belgium and India.

Data pertaining to the company's R&D-related joint ventures was not available.
5.3.5 R&D Scenario in the Consumer Goods Sector

5.3.5.1 Dabur India Ltd.
Dabur India Ltd. is a leading Products and Services R&D Spend

consumer goods company. It Dabur India Ltd. provides a comprehensive range of products in healthcare, The R&D expenditure of the company between 2004 and 2007 is depicted in the figure below.
operates through over 5,000 personal care and food segments. These are detailed as follows:
distributors and more than 1.5 · Health Supplements Dabur Chyawanprash and Glucose-D
R&D Spend as Percentage of Sales

million retail outlets all across India. · Digestives Hajmola and Pudin Hara

70 0.5
· Natural Curatives Shilajit Gold, Nature Care, Sat Isbagol and Sarbyna
60
Contact Details Strong 0.4
50
Dabur Research Foundation, · Baby Care Dabur Lal Tail and Dabur Janma Ghunti 0.3
40
22, Site IV, Sahibabad, · Home Care Odomos, Odonil, Odopic and Sani Fresh
30 0.2
Ghaziabad, · Personal Care Hair Care: Vatika range of shampoos and hair oil, and Amla
20
Uttar Pradesh 201 010 Hair Oil; Face Care: Vatika Fairness Face Pack, Vatika Saffron Glow Soap 0.1
10
and Gulabari; Oral Care: Dabur Red, Meswak, Babool, Promise, etc.
0 0.0
Phone: · Ayurvedic Specialities Dabur Rheumatil Gel, Trifgol, Lipistat, Broncorid,
2004–05 2005–06 2006–07
+91 120-4378601 (Board) Madhuvaani, etc.
R&D Expenditure R&D Spend as percentage of Sales
Website Areas of R&D Activity
www.dabur.com The company conducts R&D in the following domains:
· Personal Care Products Developing ayurvedic products for lifestyle-related
The company has research collaborations with the following institutes and
ailments
laboratories:
· Analytical Studying and testing active chemicals
· Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
· Synthetic Chemistry Developing new molecules and intermediates
· Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai
· Food Research Developing healthy and natural products
· International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi
· Home Care Segment Developing new products in different categories,
· National Chemical Laboratory, Pune
such as repellents, air care and cleansers
· Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad
· Shri Dhanwantry Educational Society, Chandigarh
The company has a separate division, Dabur Research Foundation, which
carries out its R&D activities. It is located at Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh.
The R&D facility for personal care products is located at Silvassa, Dadra and
Nagar Haveli, while that for food and home care products is located at
Sahibabad, Uttar Pradesh.
5.3.6 R&D Scenario in the Telecom Sector

5.3.6.1 Himachal Futuristic Communications Ltd.
Himachal Futuristic Communications Products and Services R&D Spend

Ltd. is a fast-growing telecom HFCL is largely involved with manufacturing transmission and access The R&D spend of the company is depicted in the figure below.
equipment manufacturing company equipment, optical fibre cables and terminal equipment. A few of the R&D Expenditure (2003–2007)
based in India. company's products are the following:

· Bandwidth-related technology products STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, DXC and 400 10.0
Contact Details DWDM 8.0
300
Not available · PDH Microwave Wireless Transmission Equipment
6.0
· Wireless Access Products coDECT, GSM, CDMA and local multipoint 200
Website distribution system 4.0
www.hfcl.com · Optical Line Terminals PDH and SDH hierarchies 100
2.0
· Access Equipment DLC, digital multiplexers and Fleximux
· Switch Mode Power Supplies 0 0.0
· Wireline Access Products xDSL and DIAS 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07
The company provides services in the following areas: R&D Expenditure R&D Spend as Percentage of Sales
·Optical Transmission Services that have greater bandwidth capacity, IP,
frame relay, ATM, ethernet and TDM/voice
· Wireless Transmission Solutions to meet the ever-increasing demands
pertaining to mobile cellular networks, last mile access, private-and
disaster-recovery networks
· Wireless Access To deliver high-speed and high-capacity video, voice and
data services
· Wireline Access To deliver high-speed data across a wide range of
geographical areas
· Optical Fibre Cable Solutions in the domain of optical fibre networks
· Please visit http://www.hfcl.com/product_opticalfibre.html for details on
the solutions provided by HFCL.
5.3.6.1 Himachal Futuristic Communications Ltd.
Areas of R&D Activity

By undertaking extensive R&D activities, the company seeks to develop products and services at significantly lower prices.
The key areas of R&D activity are as follows:

·Development of an optical multi-service access network to cater to an increasing subscriber density in the telecom sector
·Development of an intensive broadband interface to provide value-added broadband data services
·Development of next-generation networks based on packet technology
·Development of local access equipment for existing local exchange carriers, competitive local exchange carriers and greenfield operators to meet the emerging needs of triple-play
servicesdata, voice and video
·Development of Centrex and other telecom services over OSA/Parley architecture and intelligent network
·Development of IPRs, providing solution/VAS/consultancy system integration and professional services to network operators and third-party partners.

HFCL has a Centre for Excellence in Telecom Research and Development that promotes the R&D activities of the company. The company's design and development division has over 100
engineers. The company's R&D facility is located in Goa and is recognised by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.

·To introduce the latest technologies in India at low prices, the wireline division of the company works in collaboration with international telecom companies such as Marconi,
UTStarcom and Huawei.
·The company has also inked agreements with technical institutes such as IIT Chennai and IISc Bangalore.
5.3.7 R&D Scenario in the Engineering Sector

5.3.7.1 Moser Baer
Moser Baer is a leading multi- Products and Services R&D Spend

technology organisation The company provides products and services in diversified areas, such as solar The R&D expenditure of the company between 2003 and 2007 is depicted in the figure below.
headquartered in India. The firm energy, home entertainment, IT peripherals and consumer electronics. R&D Expenditure (2003–2007)
ranks second in the world in the

manufacturing of optical storage Its product offering has been detailed below.

400 3.0
media products. · Storage Optical Media Products Pro CD Recordable, Pro CD RW, Mini CD 350 2.5
Recordable, Moser Baer Gold, Moser Baer Platinum, IJP, Digital Versatile 300
250 2.0
Contact Details Discs (DVD R), Rewritable Digital Versatile Discs (DVD+RW), DVD+RDL,
Moser Baer India Ltd., Mini DVD, DVD Platinum and LightScribe-enabled Media 200 1.5
438, Okhla Industrial Estate, · Photovoltaics Crystalline silicon cells and modules 150 1.0
100
New Delhi 110020 · Entertainment Distribution of movies, and film production and distribution 0.5
50
· IT Peripherals and Consumer Electronics Optical mouse, keyboards,
0 0.0
Phone headphones, optical disc drives and DVD players 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07
+91 11 4163 5201
Areas of R&D Activity R&D Expenditure R&D Spend as Percentage of Sales
Website Moser Baer lays great emphasis on research and development. The company
www.moserbaer.in carries out research activities to improve the quality of its products and yield, R&D-related Joint Ventures
and reduce its production costs. ·The company has partnered with Hewlett Packard Co. for the development and
manufacturing of LightScribe discs.
A few of its R&D-focused activities are as follows: ·The company has joint ventures with the Philips-owned OM&T BV for optical R&D and
· Development of new formats such as BDRE(rewritable) high-density optical photovoltaic production.
media, BDR H2L 1x-2x, BDR H2L 1x-2x, BDR H2L 8x, and HD DVD single- ·In 2006, the company collaborated with Banaras Hindu University's Institute of
layer media and double-layer media Technology for carrying out R&D in the areas of optical storage media and photovoltaics.
· Development of new products such as DVD+RW 8x, DVD-RW 1x-2x Mini
· RW, CDR/DVD R LightScribe version 1.2 and Special Printable process
· Carrying our playability tests, print evaluation, format verification, and DVD
and Blue-ray disc tests

The company has an in-house R&D department, which is recognised by the
Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India.
5.3.7.2 Larsen and Toubro Limited
L&T is one of the largest technology, Products and Services Areas of R&D Activity
engineering, construction and The company offers products to the following industries: The key areas in which the company conducts research and development are the following:
manufacturing companies operating Engineering Products and Systems Refinery, oil and gas, petrochemicals, · Production of hydro-mechanical press units for passenger car tyres
in India's private sector. fertilisers, coal gasification, aerospace, thermal power plant, nuclear power · Production of first-stage passenger car/LCV radial-building machine
plant, defence and cement · Development of new manufacturing processes and innovative equipment
Contact Details · Production of wind mill castings
Larsen and Toubro Ltd., The company also offers products to the following segments: · Development of Surface Miner Model KSM 223 for coal application
L&T House, N. M. Marg, Ballard · Electrical and Electronic Products and Systems Switchgear products, · Development of new products in the defence equipment sector
Estate, electrical systems, metering solutions and relays, medical equipment, · Upgrading existing products and production of new variants
Mumbai 400011 control and automation products, petroleum dispensers and systems, and · Development and standardisation of mechanical designs for cement kilns and ball mills
tooling solutions · Further development of indigenous technologies in areas, such as marine hydrodynamics,
Phone · Machinery Valves and Industrial Consumables weapon ballistics, gun upgrades, digital signal processing and brushless DC drives
+91 22 6752 5856 · Implementation of mechanical pile slice instead of welded joints for precast segmented
·The company also has the following service offerings: piles
Website ·Construction Building projects, infrastructure, engineering services, · Development of ultrasonic testing methodology
www.larsentoubro.com specialised services and international projects
·IT and engineering services Location of R&D Facilities
·Finance Infrastructure finance and equipment finance The company has two engineering design research centres that are located in Chennai and
Kolkata.
R&D Spend
The R&D expenditure of the company between 2004 and 2007 is depicted in R&D-related Joint Ventures
the figure below. R&D Spend as Percentage of Sales Data pertaining to the company's R&D-related joint ventures was not available.
600 0.4
500
0.3
400
300 0.2
200
0.1
100
0 0.0
2004–05 2005–06 2006–07
R&D Expenditure R&D Spend as Percentage of Sales
5.3.7.3 Escorts Limited
Escorts Limited is a leading Products and Services R&D Spend

engineering company based in India. The company provides a diverse range of products, as listed below. The R&D expenditure of the company between 2001 and 2007 is depicted in the figure below.
It plays a key role in agri-machinery, · Tractors Farmtrac, Powertrac and Escorts R&D Expenditure (2001–2007)
construction and material handling, · Engines G15, G20, G25 and G30 200 3.0
R&D spend as Percentage of Sales

railway equipment and auto · Implements and Trailers Spring Tyne Tiller, Rigid Tyne Tiller, 12 Disc Offset
components segments. Disc Harrow, 12 Disc Tandem Harrow, 2-bottom Mb Plough, 3-bottom Disc
150
Plough, Rotary Tillers and Rectangular Bailer 2.0
Contact Details · Lubricants Farmtrac Genuine Engine Oil, Farmtrac Genuine Gear Oil,
100
The Escorts Group, Powertrac Genuine Engine Oil and Powertrac Genuine Gear Oil
15/5, Mathura Road, Faridabad 121 · Construction Equipment Hydraulic mobile cranes, 360-degrees slew 1.0
50
003 cranes, compactors, forklifts and articulated boom Cranes
· Railway Equipment Shock absorbers, air brakes, electro pneumatic brake
0 0.0
E-mail system, rail fastening system, direct admission valves, air brake
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
kpo@escorts.co.in accessories and automatic twist locks
· Auto Components Escorts' products in this range cater to the needs of R&D Expenditure R&D Spend as Percentage of Sales
Phone: OEMs of passenger cars, commercial vehicles, multi-utility vehicles,
+91 012 9225 0222 motorcycles, scooters and mopeds.
Areas of R&D Activity
Website The company offers world-class infrastructure and technical services in the The basic research areas of the company are as follows:
www.escortsgroup.com following areas: · Production of fuel-efficient four-cylinder engine tractor and heavy-duty epicyclic reduction
· Computer-aided design transmission
· Computer-aided engineering · Tractor cooling through computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
· Industrial design styling · Tier-3 TCL engines for export purposes
· Reverse engineering · Combustion optimisation for enhanced fuel efficiency
· Metrology · Heavy-duty hydraulic lift
· Fatigue testing · Noise reduction through sandwich composite materials
· Engine testing · Chassis dynamometers for multiple uses
· Materials engineering · Transmission reliability test rig
· Field data acquisition · Multiple valve cylinder head engine
· Noise, vibration and harshness testing · Data acquisition for design optimisation
· Tractor testing · Restyling with the aim of NVH reduction
5.3.7.4 Videocon Industries Limited
The Videocon Group has emerged as Products and Services

an INR 107.3 billion (USD 2.5 billion) The company's products can be broadly categorised under four key sectors as follows:
global conglomerate. The company · Consumer Durables Colour televisions, washing machines, air conditioners, refrigerators and microwave ovens
provides products and services in · Display Industry and Components Slim CPT, extra-slim CPT and High-definition 16:9 format CPT
consumer durables, and oil and gas · Colour picture tube glass
sectors. · Oil and Gas The company produces 50,000 barrels of oil per day at its Ravva oil field.
Contact Details R&D Spend

Videocon Industries Ltd. Data pertaining to the R&D expenditure of the company was not available.
14 Kms Stone,
Aurangabad-Paithan Road, Areas of R&D Activity
Chitegon, Tq. Paithan, The company's R&D activities in the consumer durables sector are focused on product development, cost reduction, quality improvement, and process implementation and control.
District Aurangabad
431 105 The company exerts its R&D efforts towards the following:
·Home Theatre Systems High-end and HTIB models
Email · Televisions Large screen TV, flat TV, plasma TV, multimedia TV and designing of TVs
contactus@videoconmail.com · Manufacturing of components for CTVs, refrigerators and air conditioners
· Reduction of power consumption of its final products
Phone · Manufacturing of components for consumer electronics products
+91 2431-251 501/02/03/04 · Launch of new brands and sub-brands under the Videocon umbrella
· Composite home entertainment systems with internal adaptability
Website · Providing better features and quality, and improved reliability along with reduced prices
www.videoconworld.com
The company has an in-house research and development centre located at Aurangabad.

Data pertaining to the R&D-related joint ventures of the company was not available.
5.3.7.5 Voltas Limited
Voltas Limited is involved in the Products and Services R&D Spend

manufacturing, marketing and The company's operations can be classified into four categories. Thez&D expenditure of the company between 2003 and 2007 is depicted in the figure below.
servicing of engineering products. It · Electrochemical Projects and Services Electrical, mechanical and R&D Expenditure (2003–2007)

offers solutions for various refrigeration solutions, and water management and treatment

16 0.70
industries, such as heating, · Engineering Products and Services Textile machinery, mining and 0.60
ventilation and air-conditioning, construction equipment, machine tools, and materials handling solutions 12 0.50
refrigeration, electromechanical · Unitary Cooling Products Cooling appliances and commercial refrigeration
0.40
projects, textile machinery, machine · Others Chemical trading. 8
0.30
tools, mining and construction
4 0.20
equipment, materials handling, Areas of R&D Activity
0.10
water management, building Voltas has been carrying out research and development activities in the
0 0.00
management systems and engineering sector.A few of the specific areas of its R& D are the following:
2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07
chemicals. · Development of high co-efficient of performance (ICOP) vapour absorption
machine (VAM) R&D Expenditure R&D Spend as Percentage of Sales
Contact Details · Development of VAM for brine chilling
Voltas House, · Development of co-generation VAM
A Block, · Development of energy-efficient and eco-friendly insulation systems for
Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Road, commercial refrigeration products
Chinchpokli, · Re-designing of automated foaming fixtures for commercial refrigeration
Mumbai 400 033 applications
· Development of computerised online performance testing systems to
Phone ensure consistency in product quality
+91 22 6665 6666 · Production of indigenous power shift transaxles for 3-tonne capacity
forklift trucks
Website · Production of belt conveyors of up to 200 TPH capacity
www.voltas.com · Production of trailers

Data pertaining to the R&D facilities of the company was not available.

Data pertaining to the R&D-related joint ventures of the company was not
available.
6 APPENDIX
6.1 IITs Bilateral Collaborations and Interactions with other Players S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata Link
Please refer to http://www.iitd.ernet.in/ird/collab.html for the complete list of collaborations/associations Sreechitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram Link
of IIT Delhi. Technology Information, Forecasting & Assessment Council (TIFAC), New Delhi Link
Please refer to http://www.ircc.iitb.ac.in/webnew/ for the list of collaborations of IIT Bombay. Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi Link
Please refer to http://www.iitg.ernet.in/research/resschemes.html for the complete list of collaborations Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun Link
for IIT Guwahati. 1.4 List of Autonomous Institutions under DBT
Please refer to http://www.iitr.ernet.in/research/ for the complete list of collaborations for IIT Roorkee. The following institutions under DBT are involved in research on biotechnology:
Autonomous Institutes
6.2 IITs Funding Mechanism Centre For DNA Fingerprinting And Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad
Please refer to http://www.iitd.ernet.in/ird/agencies.html for the list of funding agencies of IIT Delhi. Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Imphal, Manipur
Please refer to http://www.ircc.iitb.ac.in/webnew/ for the list of funding agencies of IIT Mumbai. Institute of Life Sciences, Bhuvaneswar
Please refer to http://www.iitkgp.ac.in/sric/sponsors.php for the list of sponsors of IIT Kharagpur. National Institute Of Immunology, New Delhi
Please refer to http://www.iitk.ac.in/dord/DORD/2005_2007.pdf for the funding agencies of IIT Kanpur. National Centre For Plant Genome Research (NCPGR), JNU, New Delhi
Please refer to http://www.iitg.ernet.in/research/resschemes.html for the list of funding agencies of IIT National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Gurgaon
Guwahati. National Centre for Cell Sciences (NCCS), Pune
For the list of sponsors of IIT Roorkee, please refer to Public Sector Undertakings
http://www.iitr.ernet.in/research/pages/SRIC+Major_Sponsored_Research_Projects.html. Bharat Immunological and Biological Corporation Limited, Bulandshahar
Indian Vaccines Corporation Limited, Gurgaon
6.3 List of Autonomous Institutions under DST In addition to the above institutions, there are many other facilities for research purposes under the ambit
The various autonomous institutions under DST which are involved in the R&D and industrial activities are of DBT.
provided below.
Agharkar Research Institute, Pune Link

Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational-Sciences, Nainital Link
Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow Link
Bose Institute, Kolkata Link
Centre for Liquid Crystal Research, Jalahalli, Bangalore Link
Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata Link
International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, Hyderabad Link
Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore Link
Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Mumbai Link
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore Link
National Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratories, New Delhi Link
Raman Research Institute, Bangalore Link
6.5 Abbreviations used in the report

AAS Agromet Advisory Service CTM Centres for Technology Management
AERB Atomic Energy Regulatory Board DAE Department of Atomic Energy
AIBA All India Biotech Association DBT Department of Biotechnology
AIIMS All India Institute of Medical Sciences DICs Distributed Information Centres
AMFU Agrometeorological Forecasting Units DIPP Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion
APCTT Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology DoS Department of Space
ARDB Aeronautical Research Development Board DRDO Defence Research and Development Organisation
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations DSIR Department of Scientific & Industrial Research
ASSOCHAM The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India DST Department of Science and Technology
BARC Bhabha Atomic Research Centre DWR Doppler Weather Radar
BIM Bismaleimide resin EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone
BIPP Biotechnology Industry Partnership Program EO Earth Observation
BIRAC Biotechnology Industry Research & Development Assistance Council ESO Earth System Organisation
BPFC Biotechnology Patent Facilitating Cell FABA Federation of Asian Biotech Associations
BPU Bio-processing Unit FAIR Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
BRNS Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences FAST Fund for Accelerating Start-ups in Technology
BRPC Biotechnology Research Promotion Committee FBRs Fast Breeder Reactors
BSE Bombay Stock Exchange FCIPT Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies
BTIS Biotechnology Information System FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate FITT The Foundation for Innovation and Technology Transfer
CCE Centre for Continuing Education GITA Global Innovation & Technology Alliance
CDC Consultancy Development Centre GOI Government of India
CEERI Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute GSLV Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
CEL Central Electronics Limited HBNI Homi Bhabha National Institute
CII Confederation of Indian Industry HEP High Energy Physics
CIOB Central Indian Ocean Basin IAS Indian Administrative Officer
CITT Centre for International Trade in Technology IAVI International AIDS Vaccine Initiative
CMLRE Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology ICGEB International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
CoE Centre of Excellence ICMAM Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management
COMAPS Coastal Ocean Monitoring and Prediction System ICMR Indian Council of Medical Research
CORE Centres of Relevance and Excellence ICT Information and Communication Technology
CPP Consultancy Promotion Programme IIFT Indian Institute of Foreign Trade
CSIC Centre for Scientific and Industrial Consultancy IIIT Indian Institutes of Information Technology
CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research IIM Indian Institute of Management
CSSP Centre for Sponsored Schemes and Projects IIT Indian Institute of Technology
IITM Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology NCCS National Centre For Cell Science
ILC International Linear Collider NCMRWF National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting
IMD India Meteorological Department NCSTC National Council for Science & Technology Communication
INAE Indian National Academy of Engineering NDBP National Data Buoy Programme
INCOIS Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services NEB National Entrepreneurship Board
INDOMOD Indian Ocean Modelling and Dynamics NIOT National Institute of Ocean Technology
INO India-based Neutrino Observatory NIT National Institute of Technology
INR Indian rupee NKC National Knowledge Commission
INSAT Indian National Satellite System NMITLI New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative
IOC Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission NNRMS National Natural Resources Management System
IOGOOS Indian Ocean Indian Ocean Global Ocean Observing System NRDC National Research Development Corporation
IP Intellectual property NRDMS Natural Resources Data Management System
IPEA International Preliminary Examination Authority NRSA National Remote Sensing Agency
IPM & TTOIntellectual Property Management and Technology Transfer Offices NSE National Stock Exchange
IPR Intellectual property rights NSTMIS National Science & Technology Management Information System
IRC International Relations Cell OASTC Ocean and Atmospheric Science and Technology Cells
IRCC Industrial Research & Consultancy Centre OIB Ocean Information Bank
IRDPP Industrial R&D Promotion Programme OSF Ocean State Forecast
ISA International Search Authority OSTI Ocean Science and Technology for Island
ISRO Indian Space Research Organisation PFC Patent facilitation Centre
IT Information Technology POGO Partnership for Observation of Global Ocean
IT-eG Information Technology & e-Governance PPP Public Private Partnership
ITTP International Technology Transfer Programme PRL Physical Research Laboratory
IUAC Inter-University Accelerator Centre PSLV Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
IUCAA Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics PSUs Public Sector Undertakings
IUC-DAEF Inter-University Consortium of DAE Facilities PUSHEP Pykara Ultimate Stage Hydro Electric Project
JEE Joint Entrance Examination REACH (Mission REACH) Relevance and Excellence in Achieving new heights in educational
KVPY Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana institutions
LHC Large Hadron Collider RESPOND Sponsored Research Programme
MoES Ministry of Earth Sciences RIB Radioactive Ion Beam
MoU Memorandum of Understanding ROV Remote Operable Vehicle
NARI National AIDS Research Institute S&T Science and Technology
NASSCOM National Association of Software and Services Companies SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
NATMO National Atlas And Thematic Mapping Organisation SAC Scientific Advisory Committee
NCAOR National Centre for Antarctic & Ocean Research SATCORE Satellite Coastal and Oceanographic Research
SBIRI Small Business Innovation Research Initiative UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organisation
SC/ST Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes VRCs Village Resource Centres
SERC Science and Engineering Research Council VSSC Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
SEZ Special Economic Zone VT-PDMS Vinyl Terminated Poly Dimethyl Siloxane
SID Society for Innovation and Development WIPO World Intellectual Property Organisation
SIRO Scientific and Industrial Research Organisations XFEL X-Ray Laser Project
SME Small and Medium Enterprises
SRIC Sponsored Research and Industrial Consultancy
SROSS Stretched Rohini Satellite Series
SSP Science and Society Program
STCs Space Technology Cells
STEPAN Science & Technology Policy Asian Network
STPI Software Technology Parks of India
TBI Technology Business Incubator
TCS Tata Consultancy Services
TDB Technology Development Board
TDDP Technology Development & Demonstration Programme
TDIP Technology Development and Innovation Programme
TDM Technology Development Missions
TDPU Technology Promotion, Development and Utilisation
TDUPW Technology Development Utilisation Programme for Women
TEDO Technology Export Development Organisation
TePP Technopreneur Promotion Programme
TIFAC Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council
TIFP Technology Information Facilitation Programme
TIFR Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
TLD Thermoluminescence Dosimetry
TMP Technology Management Programme
TRIPS Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights
UGC University Grants Commission
UICT University Institute of Chemical Technology
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
6.6 URLs of Sources

14. Business Line 2008 http://www.blonnet.com/2008/03/07/stories/2008030751931000
N O. SOURCE NAME SOURCE URL
.htm
1. Unleashing India's http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/2 15. Zee News 2007 http://www.zeenews.com/articles.asp?rep=2&aid=321533&sid=N

Innovation - 2007 The 23546-1181699473021/3876782- AT&ssid
World Bank 1191373775504/indiainnovationfull.pdf
16. SciDev.Net http://www.scidev.net/en/opinions/indian-patent-bill-let-s-not-
2. India Budget http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2008-09/eb/vol2.htm be-too-hasty.html
3. Financial Express 2008 http://www.financialexpress.com/news/India-lags-China-in- 17. Business Line March 2008 http://www.blonnet.com/2008/03/03/stories/2008030351530300
RampD-spending-Sibal/283583/ .htm
4. Financial Express 2008 http://www.financialexpress.com/news/India-lags-China-in- 18. Planning Commission Report http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/strgrp11/str

RampD-spending-Sibal/283583/ S&T 2007 11_sandt.pdf
5. Global R&D Report 2007 - http://www.rdmag.com/pdf/RD79GlobalReport.pdf 19. ITER http://www.iter.org/

Battelle
20. Nerve http://www.nerve.in/news:2535002381
6. Planning Commission Report http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/strgrp11/st
S&T 2007 r11_sandt.pdf 21. Frost and Sullivan http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/summits-
details.pag?eventid=128527912
7. Evalueserve Primary
Research 22. Financial Express June http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Signs-on-
2008 science/323176/
8. Intellectual Property India http://ipindia.gov.in/cgpdtm/AnnualReport_2005_2006.pdf
http://www.danone.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=vi
23. The Hindu April 2008 ew&id=146&lang=en&Itemid=333
9. Livemint 2008 http://www.livemint.com/2008/01/21235843/4233E30E-2EA5-
4549-90AF-AFAA5634558FArtVPF.pdf 24. Hindustan Times April 2008 http://www.hindustantimes.com/Homepage/Homepage.aspx
10. Hindu Business Line 2005 http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/09/23/stories/20050 25. Financial Express April http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Indian-R&D-is-the-
92300911000.htm 2008 worlds-new-flavour/294738/
11. Evalueserve Primary 26. India Today http://www.indiatoday.com/itoday/20070604/cs-engineer.html

Research
27. India Today http://www.indiatoday.com/itoday/20070604/cs-engineer.html
12. Business Standard 2008 http://www.business-
standard.com/common/news_article.php?leftnm=3&autono=3184 28. Department of Science and http://dst.gov.in/
54 Technology
13. India Education News 2008 http://indiaedunews.net/delhi/IPR_Cell_setup_at_Delhi_Universi 29. Ministry of Earth Sciences http://www.dod.nic.in/
ty_5865/
30. NSTEDB http://www.nstedb.com/index.htm 48. KSCSTE http://www.kscste.kerala.gov.in/
31. TDB http://www.tdb.gov.in/default.html 49. NASSCOM http://www.nasscom.in/
32. PRC http://www.pfc.org.in/index.htm 50. NASSCOM http://www.nasscom.in/Nasscom/templates/LandingPage.aspx?id

=5721
33. FIST http://www.fist-dst.org/index.asp
51. India's Emergence as a http://www.itps.se/Archive/Documents/Swedish/Publikationer/Ra
34. Department of Scientific http://www.dsir.nic.in/ Global R&D Center Dec 07 pporter/Arbetsrapporter%20(R)/R2007/R2007_012_webb.pdf
and Industrial Research Working Paper
R&D India Newsletter http://www.rndindia.info/newslet/newsletter_7.htm
35. APCTT http://www.apctt.org/
52. India's Emergence as a http://www.itps.se/Archive/Documents/Swedish/Publikationer/Ra
36. Department of Space http://dst.gov.in/stsysindia/space.htm Global R&D Center pporter/Arbetsrapporter%20(R)/R2007/R2007_012_webb.pdf
December 2007 Working
37. Department of http://dbtindia.nic.in/aboutdbt/overviewmain.html Paper
Biotechnology
53. Pharmaceuticals IBEF http://www.arc.unisg.ch/org/arc/web.nsf/1176ad62df2ddb13c125
38. Department of Atomic http://www.dae.gov.in/ 68f000482b94/43cf0caeed566faac12571d30061daac/$FILE/India
Energy %20Symposium_IBEF_Sectoral%20Reports_Pharmaceuticals.pdf
39. DIPP Annual Report 2005-06 http://dipp.nic.in/anrepo_e/annual_report_eng_2005-06.pdf 54. The Financial Express http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Ranbaxy-DBT-signs-
agreement-for-joint-research/294628/
40. DARE http://www.dare.gov.in/bil_usa/AKI6.doc
55. The Financial Express RANBAXY'S OSTEOPOROSIS VACCINE (BONISTA-Teriparatide
41. Ministry of Environment and http://envfor.nic.in/ launched) Financial Express 4 April 04, 2008
Forestry
56. PC Quest http://pcquest.ciol.com/content/techtrends/2008/108040501.asp
42. MoEF Annual Report 2007- http://envfor.nic.in/report/0708/chap09.pd
08 57. Bajaj Auto - Annual Report http://www.bajajauto.com/1024/download/BAL_AR_2005-06.pdf
200506
43. Ministry of New and http://www.mnes.nic.in/
Renewable Energy 58. Mahindra Newsletter http://www.mahindra.com/Enewsletter/JAN-
MAR07/html/news.html
44. Tenth Five Year Plan (2002- http://planningcommission.nic.in/midterm/cont_eng1.htm
07) 59. Mahindra Bio-Diesel http://www.mahindra.com/Admin/tmpupload/MahindraFlagsOffA
Programme sia%E2%80%99sFirst100PercentBio-dieselSUV.doc
45. DST, Gujarat http://dst.gujarat.gov.in/
60. Mahindra Auto Expo 2008 http://www.mahindra.com/Admin/tmpupload/Mahindrashowcase
46. PSCT http://www.pscst.com/ sitseco-footprintattheNewDelhiAutoExpo2008.htm
47. KSCSTE http://www.kscste.kerala.gov.in/ 61. DST http://dst.gov.in/autonomous/autonomous_index.htm

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R&D Ecosystem in India

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4.4.4 Department of Space (DoS)

Introducing incentives, which will increase the enterprise-level competition, enhance

2 OVERVIEW OF R&D IN INDIA

Source: TSJ Venture Intelligence

meeting investors and also rewards outstanding inventors. 10,000 7,539

SECTOR 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06

Source: Intellectual Property India 2006

Chemical 24% Electrical 5%

Source: Intellectual Property India

2.2.2 IP Protection Table 3: Patents Applications Filed and Applications Examined

2.2.3 IPR issues11

2.3 FISCAL INCENTIVES

2.4 GOVERNMENT PLANS TO PROMOTE R&D 18 15-year Career Support Programme

Table 6:TIFAC CORE

CORE's benefits to industry include the following:

2.4.6 Public Private Partnership (PPP)

3 INDIAN INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM

Source: Evalueserve Analysis

Table 7: Budget Allocation for Various R&D Departments/Ministries

4 R&D SUPPORT MECHANISM

Industry Associations Industry Associations

Confederation of Indian Industries Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India

Source : Evalueserve Analysis

Special Economic Zones

4.1.1 Business Incubators

National Design Business Incubator Major Incubators

4.1.2 Technology/Science Parks

Technology parks are facilities Information Technology Parks

4.1.3 Special Economic Zones (SEZs)

Impact of the new SEZ policy

Venture Capital Associations/Angel Funding

4.2 FUNDING INSTITUTIONS

4.2.1 Venture Capital Associations/Angel Funding

Email Recent Activities

4.2.2 Banking Institutions

Private Banks (including foreign banks)

Non-Banking Financial Corporation (NBFC)

4.2.3 Indian Angel Network

Government Funded Technical Institutes

Private Technical Institutes

Government R&D Organizations

4.3.1 Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT)

4.3.1 Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT)

IIT Madras Details on R&D Support to the Private Sector

Indian Institute of Technology

4.3.1.1 The Foundation for Innovation and Technology Transfer (FITT)

4.3.1.2 Industrial Research and Consultancy Centre (IRCC)

4.3.1.2 Industrial Research and Consultancy Centre (IRCC)

Key Areas of Research

Details on R&D Projects Undertaken by IRCC

4.3.1.3 Sponsored Research and Industrial Consultancy (SRIC)

Key Areas of Research

4.3.2 Indian Institute of Science (IISc)

4.3.2 Indian Institute of Science (IISc)

Key Areas of Research

Details on R&D Projects

4.3.2.1 Centre for Scientific and Industrial Consultancy (CSIC)

4.3.3 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR)