Soran University

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Petroleum Engineering

PanSystem Analysis of Drawdown and Build-Up Test

By:
Sayaf Salman Hamad
Abdullah Muhammad Maaroof

Supervised By:
Mr. Rawezh Najat Ahmad

(2019-2020)
Contents

1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1

2. Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 2

3. Results and Discussion ............................................................................................................... 3

4. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 7

References ....................................................................................................................................... 8

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List of Figures

Figure 1: Test overview. ................................................................................................................. 4

Figure 2: Log-log plot for drawdown test curve analyzed using auto matching. ........................... 4
Figure 3: Log-log plot for build-up test curve analyzed using auto matching................................ 5
Figure 4: Log-log plot for drawdown test curve analyzed using type curve matching. ................. 5
Figure 5: Log-log plot for build-up test curve analyzed using type curve matching. ..................... 6

List of Tables

Table 1: Values of Permeability, Wellbore Storage Coefficient and Skin Factor After Type Curve
Matching ......................................................................................................................................... 6

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1. Introduction

Well Test Analysis is a field of reservoir engineering that uses many techniques to
understand reservoir properties using concepts of fluid flow in porous rock. In well-test analysis
several formulas are used to determine important parameters including, but not limited to,
permeability, thickness, size, reservoir pressure (Temizel et al., 2019). Operators calculate
measure pressure during practice, identify the formation fluids and the reservoir and assess
permeabilities and skin damage to the formation of drilling or other well activity (Flatern, 2013).
Tests are often carried out in less than two days for well-evaluation. For reservoir limit testing, it
may take several months to obtain pressure data (Bourdet, 2002). Drillstem test, Pressure buildup
test, Drawdown test, Pressure fall-off test, Minifrac test, Step rate test, Interference well test and
Interference well test are the most commone styles of well (Satter and Iqbal, 2015). Oil wells are
generally tested to meet the requirements of the following goals (Chaudhry, 2004):

 To assess the well condition and characterisation of the reservoir;

 To obtain reservoir classification parameters;
 Determining if the entire drilled oil well duration is also a producer area;
 To estimate the skin factor or the damage caused by drilling and completion petroleum
well.

For a vertical well with an infinite homogeneous reservoir, a test such as the McKinley
(1971), Earlougher and Kersch (1977) type curves and the Gringarten type curves can be
interpreted in various ways (Gringarten et al., 1979). Gringarten (1987) states that the theoretical
reception is better to describe the definition of the type curve during the test of any model
interpretation which is the well tested and storage tank which provides the graphic
representation. Form curves are essentially derived from flow equation responses under complex
reservoir conditions. The type of curves are presented in a dimensionless variable such as a
pressure without a dimension versus a time without a dimension. Derivative curve provides a
graphical diffusivity solution of Bourdet et al., (1983) for the pressure derivative.

For more than 20 years, PanSystem software has been the leading testing program in the
industry. It is a robust but easy to use program that provides multiple models and analysis

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options. These choices cover industry standards and also some user-defined usability models. In
the end, the PanSystem application offers the possibility of simplifying complex transient testing
by detailed analysis, simulation and reporting. The software Pan System is a key technical
function in the oil and gas industry, transient well testing PanSystems. A pressure transient well
test is capable of obtaining information from the well surrounding reservoir and can supply a
wealth of data with the appropriate testing and analysis techniques (PetroMehars, 2018):

 Permeability of the large reservoir and the almost well-bore region, in some cases.
 Efficiency in completion, efficient open interval (out of the lifetime of the well).
 Structure of the reservoir (boundary, heterogeneity).
 Pressure of the reservoir.
 Act of any support for pressure, and so on.

The aim of this study is to illustrate the method of crude oil curve analysis. PanSystem
software, developed by Weatherford, makes the analysis. Curve type analysis includes several
different reservoir parameters. Auto match analysis and type curve analysis will be compared.

2. Methodology

 First of all, open Pansystem software (preferable version 3.5).

 In Pansystem view button Dataprep locates on the top left side of the Pansystem
framework select well and reservoir description, then insert required data including well
data, layer data and fluid data.
 After that, Gauge data is chosen in Dataprep Pansystem view button to add pressure and
flow rate data with time.
 Plotting reservoir pressure with time can be performed in Gauge data.
 After plotting reservoir pressure with time, analysis of the plot can be preceded. On
analysis menu, choose Plot option to access test overview plot.
 In order to analyze the drawdown data, select the drawdown period by clicking on the
grey colored ruler bar above the observed plot and choose the Log-Log plot. From the

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 selected period data, build-data can be analyzed and procedures for log-log plot can be
preceded.
 In order to determine wellbore storage and closed system (SSS) flow unit slope line is
used, and the zero-slope line is used to determine radial flow. After that, flow regime
definition is utilized to define these regions featly.
 To precede with the type curve matching, select the (M) toolbar button, keep the defaults
on the Select type curve dialog box (Td/Cd method, radial homogeneous with storage and
skin default type- curve set) and click OK. The plot will be presented with drawdown
type curves displayed.
 The curves can be moved over the data by dragging them with mouse until a match is
found.
 After matching the curves, again select (M) in order to finish matching mode. Along the
corresponding curve value, the nearest curve number will be displayed.
 From the matching, coefficient of wellbore storage, skin and permeability can be known.
 Similarly, in order to analyze the build-up data choose the build-up flow period and press
the Log-Log plot tab, and do the same steps that have been performed for drawdown test.

3. Results and Discussion

A sample set of test data is included in the program. A graphical solution is provided to
calculate the importance of the reservoir permeability, skin factor and wellbore storage
coefficient with the parameters of the radial homogenous reservoir, vertical oil well. Before the
analysis process, a collection of samples of tests consisting of 334 point data of time and
pressure tabulated with the software.

Several steps and data are needed to carry out the simulation work properly. Data of well,
layer, fluid and pressure gage and rate data must be entered using the simulation methodology.
The radius and wellbore storage model are the key items to be initialized for well data. The
thickness of formation and porosity of the layer parameters need to be known. All these data are
referred to as non-time data. A 334 point example of time and pressure information is assigned to
the test as either the mean drawdown or built-up data as shown in Fig.1.

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 Test Overview
5250

5000

4750
Pressure (psia)

4500

4250

4000
0 8 16 24 32 40
Time (hours)

Figure 1: Test overview.

After completion of the plotting, the analysis is done. To analyze the build-up and
drawdown data, one of the test periods is needed. From here, log-log plot can be built. As an
alternative for manual matching, PanSystem has an automatic matching method as shown in Fig.
2 for drawdown test and in Fig. 3 for build-up test. The log-log plot of the test data directly
determines the required curve parameters. It therefore gives a more accurate answer.

Log-Log Plot
10000

Quick Match Results

Radial homogeneous
Closed system
Constant compressibility
Cs = 1.721e-004 bbl/psi
(k/u)o = 9.8685 md/cp
k = 8.2896 md
kh = 828.955 md.ft
1000
S = 2.1996
L1 NF = 24.3736 ft
L2 NF = 202.205 ft
Delta P (psi)

L3 NF = 536.496 ft
L4 NF = 310.318 ft
Area = 6.5991 acres
OOIP = 1.280e+006 STB
Pi = 5000 psia
dpS = 188.833 psi

100

0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Elapsed Time (hours)

Figure 2: Log-log plot for drawdown test curve analyzed using auto matching.

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 Log-Log Plot
1000

Quick Match Results

Radial homogeneous
Closed system
Constant compressibility
Cs = 1.700e-004 bbl/psi
(k/u)o = 10.013 md/cp
k = 8.411 md
kh = 841.096 md.ft
S = 2.279
L1 NF = 23.6629 ft
L2 NF = 293.206 ft
Delta P (psi)

L3 NF = 273.037 ft
100 L4 NF = 293.204 ft
Area = 3.9942 acres
OOIP = 774725.4215 STB
Pavg = 4880.7788 psia
Pi = 4990.2683 psia
dpS = 192.8253 psi

10
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Equivalent Time (hours) - Tp=17.1

Figure 3: Log-log plot for build-up test curve analyzed using auto matching.

The use of the type curve matching in evaluating well tests is one of the important
functions of PanSystem as shown in Fig.4 and in Fig.5 for build-up test. The type curve can be
moved over the data with a mouse dragging until a good match is found, following the preferred
reservoir parameter to the reservoir condition. When the location of the two graphs that are
overlaid on each other has been confirmed, the software calculates the parameters of the model.

Type Curve Plot

100000

10000

1E30
1E20
1E15
1E10
1000 1E8
1E6
10000 1000
100
10 3
1 0.5
Delta P (psi)

100

1E30
1E20
1E15
1E10
10000
1E8
1E6
1000
100
10
3
0.5
1

10

Match Results
Radial homogeneous
Closed system
1 k = 9.9131 md
kh = 991.3054 md.ft
Cs = 1.530e-004 bbl/psi
Cd = 12.059
S = 3.3603

1e-005 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

Elapsed Time (hours)

Figure 4: Log-log plot for drawdown test curve analyzed using type curve matching.

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 Type Curve Plot
100000

10000

1E30
1E20
1E15
1E10
1E8
1000 1E6
10000
1000 100
10 3
1 0.5
Delta P (psi)

100
1E30
1E20
1E15
1E10
1E8
10000
1E6
1000
100
10
3
0.5
1

10

Match Results
Radial homogeneous
Closed system
1 k = 8.4692 md
kh = 846.9185 md.ft
Cs = 1.437e-004 bbl/psi
Cd = 11.3269
S = 2.2403

1e-005 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

Equivalent Time (hours) - Tp=17.1

Figure 5: Log-log plot for build-up test curve analyzed using type curve matching.

The findings of permeability, wellbore storage coefficient and skin factor for both tests
(Drawdown and Build-up) are listed and compared in Table. 1.

Table 1: Values of Permeability, Wellbore Storage Coefficient and Skin Factor After Type Curve
Matching

Drawdown test Build-up test

Solutions computed Type curve Auto Type curve Auto
matching matching matching matching

Permeability [md] 9.9130540 7.4426860 8.4691850 7.5252290

Wellbore storage
0.0001530 0.0001886 0.0001437 0.0001915
[bbl/psi]

Skin factor 3.3602640 1.5585180 2.2402870 1.6124510

The above table shows that the obtained values show slight differences. In the context of
the automatic matching values, the values of the type curve calculated values vary in drawdown

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test by about 24.92% in permeability and 18.87% in wellbore storage coefficients, as well as the
skin factor 53.62%, and values vary in build-up test by about 11.14% in permeability and
24.92% in wellbore storage coefficients, as well as the skin factor 38.93%. It can be known that
human error occurred during the type curve matching procedure.

4. Conclusion

The type curve is a tool for the analysis of pressure drawdown and build-up testing. With
less error, the use of PanSystem simplifies analysis of the type curve. Auto match in PanSystem
can be done precisely with the analysis and acts also as a tool to check any manual-matching
deviations, whether written by hand or in the software itself. The project is significant to the
background of the study for this project. In addition, the mentioned objectives can be achieved in
the time interval for the project. The literature reviews on this subject, the milestone of the
project, and the methodology indicated demonstrate the work plan.

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References

Gringarten, A.C., Bourdet, D.P., Landel, P.A. and Kniazeff, V.J., 1979, January. A comparison
between different skin and wellbore storage type-curves for early-time transient analysis.
In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers.

Gringarten, A.C., 1987. Type-curve analysis: what it can and cannot do. Journal of petroleum
technology, 39(01), pp.11-13.

Bourdet, D., Whittle, T.M., Douglas, A.A. and Pirard, Y.M., 1983. A new set of type curves
simplifies well test analysis. World oil, 196(6), pp.95-106.

Chaudhry, A., 2004. Oil well testing handbook. Elsevier.

Satter, A. and Iqbal, G.M., 2015. Reservoir engineering: the fundamentals, simulation, and
management of conventional and unconventional recoveries. Gulf Professional
Publishing.

Temizel, C., Tuna, T., Oskay, M.M. and Saputelli, L.A., 2019. Formulas and Calculations for
Petroleum Engineering. Gulf Professional Publishing.

Bourdet, D., 2002. Well test analysis: the use of advanced interpretation models. Elsevier.

Flatern, R. (2013) “Well testing Fundamentals” Schlumberger [online], available:

https://www.slb.com/resource-library/oilfield-review/defining-series/defining-well-
testing [accessed on 6 June 2020].

PetroMehars. (2018) “PanSystem® WELL-TESTING ANALYSIS SOFTWARE” [online],

available: https://www.petromehras.com/petroleum-software-directory/reservoir-
engineering-software/well-test-analysis-software/pansystem [accessed on 7 June 2020].

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