Hydro Power Status 9/04/2017

Hydro Power status 9/04/2017
 Hydro, with an installed capacity of 42,783 MW, has a share of around 14% in 2016
coming down from 46% in 1966. Constitutes only 16 percent of the total installed,
 The central government 7,500 MW capacity and 3100 MW has been commissioned by
private companies contributing 7 percent of the total installed.
 the current hydro-thermal mix stands at 20:80 which is a far cry from the preferred mix of
40:60 as given in the Hydro Power Policy, 2008.
 Of the total estimated 1, 45, 320 MW of hydro potential, India has so far tapped only 31
per cent.
 Over 14,000 MW of hydro power capacity is under execution in the country and would
be commissioned in the next four years, according to the Central Electricity Authority
(CEA).
 40 projects are under various stages of implementation in the country which will be
commissioned by 2018, the CEA data showed.
 The need for environment sustainability increases, 11th FYP plan witnessed massive
strides of capacity addition particularly in thermal generation.
Benefits:
 To maintain grid stability. The inability of thermal power stations to back down in off
peak periods can result in dangerously high frequencies resulting in a grid collapse as
well damage to plant equipment.
 Versatile operating characteristics such as instantaneous starting, stopping, and operating
at various loads etc.
 Issues of acute coal and gas shortage and peaking shortages as high as 12,159 MW during
2012-13.
 Pealing loads will increase as India embarks upon transforming itself to a Manufacturing
Hub.
 Hydropower technology is well-proven with efficiency rates which could go upto
90% depending on the design power.
Challenges:
 As on Mar'16, the hydro-electric schemes in operation account for only 31% and
thus, the bulk of the potential (69% including the projects that are under
development) remains to be developed.
 Globally, countries like Canada and Brazil had harnessed around 48-69% of the
economically feasible potential back in 2009.
 R&R issues, land acquisition problems, clearance and approval procedures,
capability of developers, etc. Hydro Power projects are capital-intensive and
financing them for long such as 20 years is really a challenge. Further, a number of
hydropower projects are located in remote sites in states which do not have enough
demand for electricity that presents geographical constraints in developing requisite
transmission infrastructure for evacuation.
Initiatives:-
 In 2008, the government came out with a Hydro Policy with an objective to achieve
the implementation.
 The centre and many states have initiated hydro projects through PPP to attract
investors for the development of water resources in an environment-friendly
manner and to generate revenue while ensuring project viability.
 Odisha adopted PPP policy in 2007, Arunachal Pradesh (2011), Uttarakhand (2012)
and Andhra Pradesh & Gujarat had framed PPP policy.
 PPP is most suitable for hydro-power projects as it solves budgetary constraints,
ensures faster implementation of projects, and balances project risks, however,
without monitoring of implementation, it may lead to disasters.
 Central government to setup a separate body in partnership with the state governments
for active monitoring.
 Directly oversee issues such as land acquisition, rehabilitation & resettlement of
affected people, expediting environment and forest clearances, interstate disputes and
law & order issues arise due to these projects.
Opportunities:
 Only about 3100 MW has been commissioned contributing 7 percent of the total
installed, minimal, participation of the private sector.
 The private developers today have avenues to invest in Solar Power and Wind
Power where technology risk is minimal and these projects with the same capacity
in Hydro can be implemented within a significantly lower time vis-a-vis what is
required for implementation of Hydro power project.
 A major part of the unexploited potential exists in Himalayan and North Eastern
regions.
 Thus, government has now two-fold work of removing the impediments and
restoring the investor's interest in the sector and to create an enabling environment.
States data:-
 The Jammu and Kashmir government has framed a roadmap for generation of 9,000 MW
hydro power by 2021.
 The Himachal Pradesh government has allotted 37 hydropower projects in the hills of
Himachal Pradesh’s. The projects, with a combined generation capacity of 2,292 MW.
 The north-eastern region can generate revenue of Rs 650-670 crore every year
(1000MW) by taping hydro power potential, Planning Commission.
 The depreciated Hydro Power Stations i.e. Pong on Beas River and Bhakra on
Satluj River are currently selling power @ 18 and 28 paise/unit respectively.

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