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    Kelvin Double Bridge ..

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    احمد قصيد محمد سعيد
    This document summarizes the Kelvin double bridge, which is a modification of the Wheatstone bridge used to measure low resistances less than 1 ohm more accurately. It describes how the Wheatstone bridge has errors for low resistances due to lead and contact resistances. The Kelvin bridge places additional balancing resistances between the measurement points to divide the lead resistance in half, eliminating its impact on measurements. It provides the working equation that shows the Kelvin bridge result is independent of lead resistance. Limitations are that it requires a sensitive galvanometer and higher measurement currents.

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    Kelvin Double Bridge ..

    Uploaded by

    احمد قصيد محمد سعيد
    216 views8 pages
    This document summarizes the Kelvin double bridge, which is a modification of the Wheatstone bridge used to measure low resistances less than 1 ohm more accurately. It describes how the Wheatstone bridge has errors for low resistances due to lead and contact resistances. The Kelvin bridge places additional balancing resistances between the measurement points to divide the lead resistance in half, eliminating its impact on measurements. It provides the working equation that shows the Kelvin bridge result is independent of lead resistance. Limitations are that it requires a sensitive galvanometer and higher measurement currents.

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    Kelvin double Bridge ..

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    This document summarizes the Kelvin double bridge, which is a modification of the Wheatstone bridge used to measure low resistances less than 1 ohm more accurately. It describes how the Wheatstone bridge has errors for low resistances due to lead and contact resistances. The Kelvin bridge places additional balancing resistances between the measurement points to divide the lead resistance in half, eliminating its impact on measurements. It provides the working equation that shows the Kelvin bridge result is independent of lead resistance. Limitations are that it requires a sensitive galvanometer and higher measurement currents.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    216 views8 pages

    Kelvin Double Bridge ..

    Uploaded by

    احمد قصيد محمد سعيد
    This document summarizes the Kelvin double bridge, which is a modification of the Wheatstone bridge used to measure low resistances less than 1 ohm more accurately. It describes how the Wheatstone bridge has errors for low resistances due to lead and contact resistances. The Kelvin bridge places additional balancing resistances between the measurement points to divide the lead resistance in half, eliminating its impact on measurements. It provides the working equation that shows the Kelvin bridge result is independent of lead resistance. Limitations are that it requires a sensitive galvanometer and higher measurement currents.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    ‫جمهورية العراق‬

    ‫وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي‬

    ‫جامعة الموصل ‪ /‬كلية الهندسة‬

    ‫‪Kelvin Double Bridge‬‬

    ‫تقرر مقدم كجزء من متطلبات االمتحان النهائي لمادة‬

    ‫المرحلة الثالثة ‪/‬قدرة ومكائن‪/‬هندسة كهرباء‬

    ‫التقرير مقدم من قبل الطالب ‪ /‬احمد قصيد محمد سعيد‬

    ‫بأشراف ‪ .:‬د‪.‬وائل هاشم‬

    ‫‪2020‬‬
    Kelvin Bridge
    The Kelvin bridge or Thompson bridge is used for measuring the
    unknown resistances having a value less than 1Ω. It is the modified
    form of the Wheatstone Bridge.

    Wheatstone bridge use for measuring the resistance from a few ohms
    to several kilo-ohms. But error occurs in the result when it is used
    for measuring the low resistance. This is the reason because of
    which the Wheatstone bridge is modified, and the Kelvin bridge
    obtains. The Kelvin bridge is suitable for measuring the low resistance.

    Modification of Wheatstone Bridge


    In Wheatstone Bridge, while measuring the low-value resistance, the
    resistance of their lead and contacts increases the resistance of their
    total measured value. This can easily be understood with the help of
    the circuit diagram
    The r is the resistance of the contacts that connect the unknown
    resistance R to the standard resistance S. The ‘m’ and ‘n’ show
    the range between which the galvanometer is connected for obtaining
    a null point.

    When the galvanometer is connected to point ‘m’, the lead resistance r


    is added to the standard resistance S. Thereby the very low indication
    obtains for unknown resistance R. And if the galvanometer is
    connected to point n then the r adds to the R, and hence the high
    value of unknown resistance is obtained. Thus, at point n and m either
    very high or very low value of unknown resistance is obtained.

    So, instead of connecting the galvanometer from point, m and n we


    chose any intermediate point say d where the resistance of lead r is
    divided into two equal parts, i.e., r1 and r2

    The presence of r1 causes no error in the measurement of unknown


    resistance.
    From equation (1), we get 

    As

    The above equation shows that if the galvanometer connects at point d


    then the resistance of lead will not affect their results…The above
    mention process is practically not possible to implement. For obtaining
    the desired result, the actual resistance of exact ratio connects
    between the point m and n and the galvanometer connects at the
    junction of the resistor.

    Kelvin Double Bridge Circuit


    The ratio of the arms p and q are used to connect the galvanometer at
    the right place between the point j and k. The j and k reduce the effect
    of connecting lead. The P and Q is the first ratio of the arm and p
    and q is the second arm ratio.c

    The galvanometer is connected between the arms p and q at a point d.


    The point d places at the centre of the resistance r between the point
    m and n for removing the effect of the connecting lead resistance
    which is placed between the unknown resistance R and standard
    resistance S.

    The ratio of p/q is made equal to the P/Q. Under balance condition zero
    current flows through the galvanometer. The potential difference
    between the point a and b is equivalent to the voltage drop between
    the points Eamd. Now:
    For zero galvanometer deflection.

    As we known, P/Q = p/q then above equation becomes

    The above equation is the working equations of the Kelvins bridge. The
    equation shows that the result obtains from the Kelvin double bridge is
    free from the impact of the connecting lead resistance.
    For obtaining the appropriate result, it is very essentials that the ratio
    of their arms is equal. The unequal arm ratio causes the error in the
    result.  Also, the value of resistance r should be kept minimum for
    obtaining the exact result.

    The thermo-electric EMF induces in the bridge during the reading. This
    effect can be reduced by measuring the resistance with the reverse
    battery connection. The real value of the resistance obtains by takings
    the means of the two.

    Limitations of Kelvins Bridge

    1. The sensitive galvanometer is used for detecting the balance


    condition.
    2. The high measurement current is required for obtaining the good
    sensitivity.

    Nowadays the kelvins bridge is replaced by the Kelvin


    Bridge Ohmmeter.
    Refrences:
    1. Electrical Measurements And Measuring
    Instruments
    2. Prencipols Electrical Measurement
    3. https://electronicsdesk.com/capacitive
    -transducers.html

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