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    EY Ifferences To: Revision Date: 11DEC19

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    rondon9897
    The A321 has key differences from the A320 due to its longer fuselage and higher maximum takeoff weight, including revised flight characteristics, different engine variants, and modified flight control systems. Pilots may notice handling differences on takeoff, in the initial climb, and on approach and landing due to higher operating speeds. The A321 also has less room for speedbrake use and is more prone to tail strikes given its design.

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    EY Ifferences To: Revision Date: 11DEC19

    Uploaded by

    rondon9897
    125 views4 pages
    The A321 has key differences from the A320 due to its longer fuselage and higher maximum takeoff weight, including revised flight characteristics, different engine variants, and modified flight control systems. Pilots may notice handling differences on takeoff, in the initial climb, and on approach and landing due to higher operating speeds. The A321 also has less room for speedbrake use and is more prone to tail strikes given its design.

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    The A321 has key differences from the A320 due to its longer fuselage and higher maximum takeoff weight, including revised flight characteristics, different engine variants, and modified flight control systems. Pilots may notice handling differences on takeoff, in the initial climb, and on approach and landing due to higher operating speeds. The A321 also has less room for speedbrake use and is more prone to tail strikes given its design.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    125 views4 pages

    EY Ifferences To: Revision Date: 11DEC19

    Uploaded by

    rondon9897
    The A321 has key differences from the A320 due to its longer fuselage and higher maximum takeoff weight, including revised flight characteristics, different engine variants, and modified flight control systems. Pilots may notice handling differences on takeoff, in the initial climb, and on approach and landing due to higher operating speeds. The A321 also has less room for speedbrake use and is more prone to tail strikes given its design.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 4

    A321-200

    KEY DIFFERENCES TO A320


    Revision Date: 11DEC19
    A321-X Differences
    A321 vs. A320

    It is certainly true that the differences between the A320 and its larger sibling are still rather subtle compared to the wide-body
    A330 aircraft family, however there are areas where the A321 feels more like a wide-body jet and the handling differences can
    be felt very clearly by pilots. In other words, the A321 features more substantial differences compared to the A320, as opposed
    to the smaller A319 compared to the A320.

    A longer fuselage and significantly higher weights do alter quite a number of characteristics, which is easy to imagine when
    you think about the max. take-off weight being increased by 15.5 tonnes compared to the A320, and the max. landing weight
    being increased by 11.8 tonnes. All this while using the same wing, with only minor modifications to the inboard flaps,
    increasing lift slightly for take-off and landing.
    While it is possible to engineer things out of the aircraft via the fly-by-wire flight control system, some physics can’t be bent by
    software.

    Different iterations of the CFM56 and IAEV2500 engines also provide for some new characteristics to be noticed.

    The Flight Sim Labs A321-X product features all that makes an A321 different to the A320.

    A321 VS. A320 KEY POINTS


    • Revised flight characteristics that resemble true A321 behaviour and are
    A321-X Technical Data not just those of an A320 with higher weight.

    • New engine variants with realistic performance and fuel consumption


    Max. Take-Off Weight (MTOW): 93.5t
    Operating Empty Weight (OEW): 48.5t • Flight Augmentation Computers (FAC) have been re-modelled with
    correct speeds (Green Dot, Slats, Flaps, VLS etc.)
    Max. Zero Fuel Weight (MZFW): 71.5t
    Max. Landing Weight (MLW): 77.8t • Trim settings are accurate to A321 numbers, precisely calibrated to
    Centre of Gravity (CG), Angle of Attack (AOA) and Mach number.

    • Fuel system re-coded to A321 specifications with proper ECAM fuel


    Engine variants page displays. Also, the installation of up to 2 auxiliary fuel tanks (ACT)
    IAE V2533-A5 / CFM56-5B3 is supported.

    • Proper flaps modelling both visually, and also for accurate lift and drag changes.

    • Ground handling revised to resemble changed behaviour due to higher weights and longer wheelbase.

    • Exit configuration changed to A321 specifications. The L1 door is still


    the main door for boarding, however you may use the L2 door as well
    to speed up boarding.

    • Supports the removal of brake fans to match the configuration of certain


    airframes.

    ENGINES
    The engine options chosen for the A321-X are the CFM56-3B3 and the IAE V2533-A5, both models featuring the same
    maximum thrust rating of 33’000 lbf or 150kN.
    You will therefore not notice any handling differences in-flight, however there’s still a small idle thrust difference between the
    two models, which is noticeable during taxi.

    Last revision: 11DEC19 Page 2 of 4


    A321-X Differences
    A321 vs. A320

    PILOT POINT OF VIEW


    The A321-X is a very different aircraft from the 320/319. It is longer, heavier, different flap system and some other different
    systems. This means that some study is required before it can be flown well.

    On the ground
    Even with more powerful engines some power is required to start moving at high weights, even in an IAE-engined aircraft. The
    cockpit is further from the main wheels so the pilot will have to 'overturn' slightly when going around corners and lining up on
    the runway.

    Take-Off
    Expect much higher V speeds especially at high weights, so take offs can be much longer. Apart from the speeds, the
    technique is the same as the 320/319 except the initial pitch attitude for the SRS will be lower. Also, if an engine fails smooth
    pitch control is vital to avoid pitching too high, and therefore loosing speed (consider TOGA power).

    Due to these higher V speeds, expect increased runway requirements for many airports, leading to the performance calculation
    tool suggesting departure using Flaps 3.
    A Flaps 3 take-off is essentially the same as Flaps 1, except the take-off speed is normally lower. On rotation the initial pitch
    attitude for SRS will usually be lower. At acceleration altitude lower the nose normally to follow the FD. The speed acceleration
    will be slower than F1 (more drag). Allow the aircraft to start to accelerate (positive trend arrow), above F speed and (I would
    suggest) 20kt+ above VLS - then select F1. At S speed plus a bit (5-10kt) select the flaps up. As in all Airbus flying, in
    bumpy/windshear conditions have some extra margin from VLS. The flaps retract quickly so the limiting speeds are not normally
    a problem.

    Initial Climb
    Be aware of the flap retraction speed (S speed) versus the flap limiting speeds. At high weights S speed may be close to the
    red 'barbers' poll. In this case the flaps will auto retract to F1 (just slats) at 210kt (1+F limit of 215kt minus 5kt) and give the
    pilot some speed to play with up to the next limit (230kt). Green Dot speed may also be close to, or slightly above, 230kt so a
    quick selection of flaps up at 230kt is required to avoid the overspeed. The whole climb out will be SLOW! A careful look at
    the PERF page before take-off will give the pilot a 'heads up' so the flap retraction method can be briefed.

    When heavy, you can very quickly get yourself into Alpha Floor...It normally happens with turning departures and just above
    S speed, you go Flaps 0 and the aircraft passes a waypoint, and as it rolls, VLS charges up because of bank angle and a lack
    of slats. Give yourself 10kts past F speed prior to retracting to slats only.

    Climb
    The climb at 250kt will be only slightly above the GD speed at high weights. Expect lower initial cruise FLs, possibly FL310/320,
    when the initial take-off weight is circa 85T plus. The climb speeds above FL100 in the 321 are normally a little higher than
    the 320/319 (at a given CI) which will result in an earlier transition to the MACH climb phase. The final stages of the climb will
    take some time with rates of climb around 500fpm to be expected.

    Cruise
    If the pilot is on a long flight expect to carry out one or two step climbs to get the optimum fuel consumption for the flight. Use
    the PROG page to assess when to climb. In a 321 it is normally advisable to wait until the Optimum Level is within 500ft of the
    next cruise level (i.e. cruising at FL320, OPT FL335 would be ok to climb to FL340). Note - the fuel penalty of cruising 1000ft
    away from optimum is less at a lower level in a 321 than higher level (i.e. OPT FL330 and cruising at FL320 would be less fuel
    inefficient than cruising at FL340). If the pilot climbs too close to the MAX FL on the PROG page he/she will be faced with a
    very narrow operating speed band between VLS and MMO (not good if it gets bumpy!).

    Descent
    There is no major difference in the descent technique when compared to the 320/319.
    One thing to be aware of is the lack of availability of speedbrake at less than 250kts at high landing weights. VLS is always
    rising with any use of speedbrake on a clean wing. So at these weights, room for speedbrake use can be very marginal if at
    all without using Flap 1 to get the slats out.
    If you got high or needed to get down quickly, Flap 1, 225kts and full speedbrake is an option in a high landing weight lowish
    speed scenario.

    Approach
    The maximum landing weight is normally 75.5T in the 321 which results in higher S and F speeds for the approach, and higher
    VAPP for landing. However, the gates for the approach (i.e. selecting F2 by 2000ft to go to landing to start the slow down to
    be stabilised by 1000ft) remain the same. The amount of speed to lose from S to VAPP is the same as the 320/319, the actual
    speeds are just a little higher all round.

    Last revision: 11DEC19 Page 3 of 4


    A321-X Differences
    A321 vs. A320

    Approach (continued)
    Finally, the flaps are different on the 321 and the angles also. The limiting speeds are higher too, allowing the pilot to select
    flaps earlier on the approach. Finally, whereas F3 is recommended in the 320/319 for turbulence etc, Flaps Full is suggested
    in the 321. The handling of the 321 in Flaps Full is good, and there will be more room to spare for the tail on touchdown!

    Landing
    The higher landing speeds will take more distance to stop, and expect higher brake temperatures taxying in. If you need to
    keep the brake temperatures down (short turnaround and no brake fans for example) I would suggest landing using Auto
    Brake LOW and full reverse.
    The 321 is notorious for its tail strike ability. Avoid doing abrupt flare manoeuvres, and if in turbulence you get a high rate of
    descent near the ground, just let the aircraft fly on with constant attitude to avoid pulling back and dragging the tail.

    Immediate Return after Take Off


    At high weights, the manoeuvring speeds will be above the flap limiting speeds. In these situations, selected speeds below
    the limit speeds will need to be made before moving the flaps when close to VLS. VLS will move away as the flaps travel
    allowing the pilot to go back to managed speeds.

    Last revision: 11DEC19 Page 4 of 4

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