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    Anatomy - Upper Limb: 1) Clavicle

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    Jasmine Teo
    This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the upper limb, including bones, joints, fascia, veins, and lymphatic vessels. It describes the clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. It also details the sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, fascia including pectoral, deltoid, brachial and antebrachial fascia. The superficial veins including cephalic, basilic and median cubital veins are outlined as well as lymphatic vessel drainage.

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    Anatomy - Upper Limb: 1) Clavicle

    Uploaded by

    Jasmine Teo
    33 views4 pages
    This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the upper limb, including bones, joints, fascia, veins, and lymphatic vessels. It describes the clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. It also details the sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, fascia including pectoral, deltoid, brachial and antebrachial fascia. The superficial veins including cephalic, basilic and median cubital veins are outlined as well as lymphatic vessel drainage.

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    My Upper Limb

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    This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the upper limb, including bones, joints, fascia, veins, and lymphatic vessels. It describes the clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. It also details the sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, fascia including pectoral, deltoid, brachial and antebrachial fascia. The superficial veins including cephalic, basilic and median cubital veins are outlined as well as lymphatic vessel drainage.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    33 views4 pages

    Anatomy - Upper Limb: 1) Clavicle

    Uploaded by

    Jasmine Teo
    This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the upper limb, including bones, joints, fascia, veins, and lymphatic vessels. It describes the clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. It also details the sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, fascia including pectoral, deltoid, brachial and antebrachial fascia. The superficial veins including cephalic, basilic and median cubital veins are outlined as well as lymphatic vessel drainage.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    ANAtomy – Upper Limb

    Bones:
    -upper limb = superior appendicular skeletion
    -muscles that support girdle = axioappendicular muscles

    1) Clavicle:
    -sternal/acromial ends
    -medial 2/3 convex, lateral 1/3 concave
    -functions
     strut fr. which scapula and free limb are suspended
    keep arm away fr. thorax (movement)
    fix strut in position allowing rib elevation during inspiration
    one of boundaries of cervicoaxillary canal (protect neurovas bundle)
    transmit shock fr. upper limb to axial skeleton
    -no medullary cavity, spongy trabeculae bone with shell of compact bone

    2) Scapula:
    -triangular flat bone
    -overlies 2nd-7th ribs
    -convex posterior  spine unevenly divides to supra/infrapspinous fossae
    -concave costal surface  subscapular fossa
    -coracoid process superior to glenoid, projects anterolaterally
    -spine continues as flat expanded acromion
    -glenoid cavity is shallow, concave, vertical oval
    -1 head & neck at glenoid fossa
    -2 angles  superior(MEDIAL), inferior
    -3 borders  medial, lateral, superior (superior border marked by aft suprascapular notch *right below turn of clavicle*)

    3) Humerus:
    -head art. with glenoid cavity
    -anatomical neck
    -greater, lesser tubercles  intertubercular groove/bicipital groove
    -surgical neck
    -shaft has TWO features  deltoid tuberosity(lateral) & spiral groove(posterior)
    -shaft widens inferiorly, lateral and medial SUPRAepicondylar ridges form
    -medial, lateral epicondyles
    -trochlea, capitulum
    -3 fossae: olecranon(post.), coronoid(ant.), radial(ant.)

    4) Ulna & Radius -radius = shorter


    -ulna = longer, stabilizing bone (DOES NOT participate with wrist) -proximal cylindrical head, neck & medially
    -TWO projections: olecranon & coronoid process  trochlea notch the radial tuberosity
    -lateral to trochlear notch = radial notch -head art with capitulum and radial notch
    -inferior to coronoid process = ulna tuberosity -shaft has a lateral convexity
    -inferior to radial notch = supinator crest -medial distal aspect forms ULNAR NOTCH
    -between above 2 = supinator fossa -terminates as styloid process of radius
    -distal end has small conical styloid process of ulna -posteriorly, dorsal tubercle of radius

    5) Hand bones
    -8 carpals lateral to medial (SLTPTTCH)
    -scaphoid has tubercle, trapezium has tubercle, hamate has hook, pisiform on triquetrum
    (4 “corners” of flexor retinaculum)
    -5 metacarpus (thumb labelled 1st)
    -3 phalanges in each digit except thumb (2 only)  proximal P, middle P, distal P
    -distal P flattens and expands distally, underlie nailbeds
    -each has head, shaft, base (head most distal)
    ANAtomy – Upper Limb

    Joints:

    1)Sternoclavicular joint (SC)


    -synovial art. btwn clavicle’s sternal end & manubrium of sternum & 1st costal cartilage
    -saddle joint but function as ball & socket
    Strength of Joint:
    -articular disc attaches to ant. post. SC ligaments & interclavicular ligament (reinforce ant, post, sup)
    -joint capsule surrounds SC till epiphysis of sterna end of clavicle
    -synovial memb lines capsule internally
    -costaclavicular ligament anchors inferior surface of clavicle to 1st rib  limits pectoral girdle elevation
    -sternal end of clavicle lies superior to manubrium
    -very strong joint YET mobile (@ full elevation of limb, clavicle at 60deg)
    -SC can move ant/post 25 – 30 deg
    Innervation:
    -branches of medial supraclavicular nerve and nerve to subclavius supplies SC
    Blood Supply:
    -internal thoracic and suprascapular arteries

    2) Acromioclavicular Joint (AC)


    -plane synovial articulation btwn acromion and acromial end of clavicle
    -art. surfaces covered with fibrocartilage
    -separated by art. disc
    -synovial membrane lines capsule internally
    Strength of Joint:
    -loose capsule strengthened superiorly by ant trapezius fibres & AC ligament
    -strongest coracoclavicular ligament anchors clavicle to coracoid process; prevents acromion going under clavicle
    -2 parts
    Conoid – vertical
    -apex to root of corocoid process
    -base to conoid tubercle on inf clavicle
    Trapezoid – horizontal
    -superior surface of coracoid process
    - to trapezoid line on inf clavicle
    Innervation:
    -supraclavicular, lateral pectoral, axillary nerves
    Blood Supply:
    -Suprascapular, thoracoacromial arteries
    ANAtomy – Upper Limb

    Fascia:
    -deep to skin lies subcutaneous tissue  fats and deep fascia surrounding muscles
    -if no muscles/tendons between fascia and bone, fasica attaches to bone direct (eg at the end of some fascias)

    1) Pectoral Fascia
    -invests (both sides kiap) pect. major
    -continuous anteriorly with anterior abdominal wall fascia
    -leaves lateral border as axillary fascia to form floor of axilla

    2) Clavipectoral Fascia
    -deep to pect. major
    -descends from clavicle, investing subclavius then pect. minor
    -in between = costocoracoid membrane (pierced by lateral pectoral nerve & cephalic vein)
    -part that’s inferior to pect. minor = suspensory ligament of axilla

    3) Deltoid Fascia
    -invests deltoid, continuous with pectoral fasica anteriorly, dense infraspinatus fascia posteriorly

    4)Osteofibrous Compartments
    -subscapular, supraspinous, infraspinous
    -muscles that cover the scapula anteriorly and posteriorly being covered superficially by deep fascia

    5) Brachial Fascia
    -encloses arm
    -continuous superiorly with axillary, deltoid, pectoral, infraspinous fasciae (figure out why)
    -attached inferiorly to epicondyles of humerus and olecranon
    -continuous with antebrachial fascia

    6) Medial/Lateral Intermuscular Septae


    -extend from deep surface of brachial fascia
    -attach to shaft of humerus at medial/lateral aspects and medial/lateral epicondyles
    -divide muscles into ant. (flex) and post. (ext)

    7) Antebrachial Fascia
    -surrounds muscles but note the separation of muscles due to interosseous membrane
    -thickens distally posteriorly  extensor retinaculum
    -thickens distally anteriorly  unnamed (palmar carpal ligament)
    -distal, deeper  flexor retinaculum (fr. palmaris longus, FDP, FDS, *median nerve* passes thru carpal tunnel)
    -continues as palmar fascia (palmar aponeurosis)  thick, tendinous, triangular

    8) Palmar Aponeurosis
    -4 distinct thickenings radiate to bases of 4 fingers
    -become continuous with fibrous tendon sheaths of digits
    -traversed distally by superficial transverse metacarpal ligaments
    ANAtomy – Upper Limb

    Superficial Veins:
    -originate in the SCT on DORSUM on hand fr. DVN
    -perforating veins form communicating veins btwn superficial and deep veins

    1) Cephalic Vein
    -ascends in SCT fr. lateral end of DVN
    -continue along lateral border of wrist  anterolateral surface or arm + forearm
    -anterior to elbow, communicates with median cubital vein which passes obliquely to join basilica vein
    -passes between deltoid and pectoral major muscles in deltopectoral groove
    -enters deltopectoral triangle
    -pierces costocoracoid membrane
    -joins terminal part of axillary avein

    2) Basilic Vein
    -ascends in SCT fr. medial end of DVN
    -continue along medial side of forearm
    -passes deeply at junction of middle & inferior third of arm
    -piercing brachial fascia
    -run superior // to the brachial artery
    -merges with venae comitantes of axillary artery = axillary vein

    3) Median Cubital Vein


    -highly variable
    -ascends in the middle of cephalic & basilic on anterior aspect of forearm
    -divides into 2 to give a branch each to cephalic and basilic

    Lymphatic Vessels:
    -superficial
    -arise from lymphatic plexuses in skin of fingers, palm, and dorsum of hand
    -ascend mostly with superficial veins
    (w cephalic : cross shoulder to enter apical axillary nodes; some enter more superficial deltopectoral lymph nodes)
    (w basilic: enter cubital lymph nodes near medial epicondyle  efferent vessels ascend arm to humeral axillary lymph
    nodes)

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