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Today's Objectives:: Mechanics, Units, Numerical Calculations & General Procedure For Analysis

The document provides an overview of mechanics, units, numerical calculations, and the general problem-solving process for analysis. It covers: (1) The objectives are to explain mechanics/statics, work with two unit systems, round answers appropriately, and apply problem-solving strategies. (2) Mechanics deals with what happens to objects when forces are applied. The two main branches are rigid bodies and deformable bodies. (3) The document reviews the International System of units (SI) and U.S. Customary units, and covers numerical calculations including significant figures.

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Ismail
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17 views

Today's Objectives:: Mechanics, Units, Numerical Calculations & General Procedure For Analysis

The document provides an overview of mechanics, units, numerical calculations, and the general problem-solving process for analysis. It covers: (1) The objectives are to explain mechanics/statics, work with two unit systems, round answers appropriately, and apply problem-solving strategies. (2) Mechanics deals with what happens to objects when forces are applied. The two main branches are rigid bodies and deformable bodies. (3) The document reviews the International System of units (SI) and U.S. Customary units, and covers numerical calculations including significant figures.

Uploaded by

Ismail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MECHANICS, UNITS, NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS &

GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS

Today’s Objectives:
Students will be able to:
In-Class activities:
a) Explain mechanics / statics.
• Reading Quiz
b) Work with two types of units.
c) Round the final answer appropriately. • What is Mechanics
d) Apply problem-solving strategies. • System of Units
• Numerical Calculations
• Concept Quiz
• Problem-Solving Strategy
• Attention Quiz
READING QUIZ

1. The subject of mechanics deals with what happens to a body


when ______ is / are applied to it.
A) a magnetic field B) heat C) forces
D) neutrons E) lasers

2. ________________ still remains the basis of most of today’s


engineering sciences.
A) Newtonian Mechanics B) Relativistic Mechanics
C) Greek Mechanics C) Euclidean Mechanics
WHAT IS MECHANICS?

Study of what happens to a “thing” (the technical name is


“BODY”) when FORCES are applied to it.

Either the body or the forces can be large or small.


BRANCHES OF MECHANICS

Mechanics

Rigid Bodies Deformable Bodies Fluids


(Things that do not change shape) (Things that do change shape)

Statics Dynamics Incompressible Compressible


UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
(Section 1.3)
Four fundamental physical quantities (or dimensions).
• Length
• Mass
• Time
• Force

Newton’s 2nd Law relates them: F = m * a


We use this equation to develop systems of units.
Units are arbitrary names we give to the physical quantities.
UNIT SYSTEMS
Force, mass, time and acceleration are related by Newton’s
2nd law. Three of these are assigned units (called base units)
and the fourth unit is derived. Which one is derived varies by
the system of units.

We will work with two unit systems in statics:


• International System (SI)
• U.S. Customary (USCS)
Table 1-1 in the textbook summarizes these unit systems.
COMMON CONVERSION FACTORS

Work problems in the units given unless otherwise instructed!

Can you convert a force value of 47 lb into SI units?

Answer is 209.06 N
THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS
(Section 1.4)

• No plurals (e.g., m = 5 kg, not kgs )


• Separate units with a • (e.g., meter second = m • s )

• Most symbols are in lowercase.


• Some exceptions are N, Pa, M and G.
• Exponential powers apply to units, e.g., cm • cm = cm2
• Compound prefixes should not be used.
• Table 1-3 in the textbook shows prefixes used in the SI
system
NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS
(Section 1.5)

Must have dimensional “homogeneity.” Dimensions have to


be the same on both sides of the equal sign, (e.g. distance =
speed  time.)

Use an appropriate number of significant figures (3 for


answer, at least 4 for intermediate calculations). Why?

Be consistent when rounding off.


- greater than 5, round up (3528  3530)
- smaller than 5, round down (0.03521  0.0352)
- equal to 5, see your textbook for an explanation.
CONCEPT QUIZ

1. Evaluate the situation in which mass (kg), force (N), and


length (m) are the base units and recommend one of the
following.
A) A new system of units will have to be formulated.
B) Only the unit of time have to be changed from second to
something else.
C) No changes are required.
D) The above situation is not feasible.
CONCEPT QUIZ (continued)

2. Give the most appropriate reason for using three significant


figures in reporting results of typical engineering calculations.
A) Historically slide rules could not handle more than three
significant figures.
B) Three significant figures gives better than one-percent
accuracy.
C) Telephone systems designed by engineers have area codes
consisting of three figures.
D) Most of the original data used in engineering calculations do
not have accuracy better than one percent.
PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY
IPE: A 3 Step Approach

1. Interpret: Read carefully and determine what is given and


what is to be found/ delivered. Ask, if not clear. If
necessary, make assumptions and indicate them.

2. Plan: Think about major steps (or a road map) that you will
take to solve a given problem. Think of
alternative/creative solutions and choose the best one.

3. Execute: Carry out your steps. Use appropriate diagrams and


equations. Estimate your answers. Avoid simple
calculation mistakes. Reflect on and then revise
your work, if necessary.
ATTENTION QUIZ

1. For a static’s problem your calculations show the final answer as


12345.6 N. What will you write as your final answer?
A) 12345.6 N B) 12.3456 kN C) 12 kN
D) 12.3 kN E) 123 kN

2. In the three step approach to problem solving called IPE,


what does P stand for?
A) Position B) Plan C) Problem
D) Practical E) Possible

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