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L1_General_Principles

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zeyad.120240077
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Mechanics (Statics and Dynamics)

MCE 111
General Principles
Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim, Ph.D.
Professor & Aerospace Engineering Program Coordinator
mohammed.khalil@ejust.edu.eg
Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology
Contents
• What is Mechanics? And its Branches?
• Units of Measurements
• Unit Systems
• Numerical Calculations
• Problem Solving Strategy (IPE: A 3-Step
Approach)
Lecture Objectives
• Explain mechanics/statics.
• Work with two types of units.
• Round the final answer appropriately.
• Apply problem-solving strategies
WHAT IS MECHANICS?
Study of what happens to a “thing” (the technical name is
“BODY”) when FORCES are applied to it.

Either the body or forces can be large or small.


BRANCHES OF MECHANICS

Mechanics

Rigid Bodies Deformable Bodies Fluids


(Things that do not change shape) (Things that do change shape)

Statics Dynamics Incompressible Compressible


UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
Four fundamental physical quantities (or dimensions).
• Length
• Mass
• Time
• Force

Newton’s 2nd Law relates them: F = m × a


We use this equation to develop systems of units.
Units are arbitrary names we give to the physical
quantities.
QUIZ

1. The subject of mechanics deals with what happens to a body when


______ is/are applied to it.
A) a magnetic field B) heat C) forces
D) neutrons E) lasers
UNIT SYSTEMS
Force, mass, time and acceleration are related by Newton’s
2nd law. Three of these are assigned units (called base units)
and the fourth unit is derived. Which one is derived varies by
the system of units.
We will work with two unit systems in statics:
• International System (SI)
• U.S. Customary (USCS)
SUMMARY OF UNIT SYSTEM
COMMON CONVERSION FACTORS

Work problems in the units given unless otherwise instructed!

Can you convert a force value of 47 lb into SI units?

Answer is 209.06 N
THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS

• No plurals (e.g., m = 5 kg, not kgs )


• Separate units with a • (e.g., meter second = m • s )

• Most symbols are in lowercase.


• Key exceptions are N, Pa, M and G.
• Exponential powers apply to units, e.g., cm • cm = cm2
• Compound prefixes should not be used.
• Table 1-3 in the textbook shows prefixes used in the SI
system
Some of the prefixes used in the SI system.
NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS

Must have dimensional “homogeneity.” Dimensions have to be the same


on both sides of the equal sign, (e.g. distance = speed  time.)

Use an appropriate number of significant figures (3 for


answer, at least 4 for intermediate calculations). Why?
Be consistent when rounding off.
- greater than 5, round up (3528  3530)
- smaller than 5, round down (0.03521  0.0352)
- equal to 5, As a general rule, if the digit preceding the 5 is an even number, then this digit is not
rounded up. If the digit preceding the 5 is an odd number, then it is rounded up. For example,
75.25 rounded off to three significant digits becomes 75.2, 0.1275 becomes 0.128, and 0.2555
becomes 0.256.
CONCEPT QUIZ

1. Evaluate the situation in which mass (kg), force (N), and length
(m) are the base units and recommend one of the following.
A) A new system of units will have to be formulated.
B) Only the unit of time have to be changed from second to
something else.
C) No changes are required.
D) The above situation is not feasible.
PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY
IPE: A 3-Step Approach

1. Interpret: Read carefully and determine what is given and what


is to be found/ delivered. Ask, if not clear. If necessary,
make assumptions and indicate them.

2. Plan: Think about major steps (or a road map) that you will take
to solve a given problem. Think of alternative/creative
solutions and choose the best one.

3. Execute: Carry out your steps. Use appropriate diagrams and


equations. Estimate your answers. Avoid simple
calculation mistakes. Reflect on and then revise your
work, if necessary.
ATTENTION QUIZ

1. For a static’s problem, your calculations show the final answer as


12345.6 N. What should you write as your final answer?
A) 12345.6 N B) 12.3456 kN C) 12 kN
D) 12.3 kN E) 123 kN
Any Questions

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