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GEELECDS Introduction To Probability

This document defines key probability concepts and provides examples of each. It discusses classical, empirical, and subjective probability, as well as concepts like sample space, events, outcomes, equally likely events, complementary events, and using tree diagrams to represent probability spaces. Examples are given for each concept, such as calculating the probability of rolling certain numbers on dice, the likelihood of coin flip outcomes, and subjective probabilities based on a person's experience.

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Ibrahim Ferrariz
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views

GEELECDS Introduction To Probability

This document defines key probability concepts and provides examples of each. It discusses classical, empirical, and subjective probability, as well as concepts like sample space, events, outcomes, equally likely events, complementary events, and using tree diagrams to represent probability spaces. Examples are given for each concept, such as calculating the probability of rolling certain numbers on dice, the likelihood of coin flip outcomes, and subjective probabilities based on a person's experience.

Uploaded by

Ibrahim Ferrariz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Probability – Is a branch of mathematics that deals with the occurrence of a specific event and
predict how possibilities are to happen.
 Probability Using a Die
 What is the probability of getting a sum of 7 when two dice are thrown?

2. Sample Space – Is a number of possible outcomes that depends on the experiment.


 Tossing a coin
 Rolling a dice

3. Events – set of outcomes of an experiment


 When a number cube is rolled, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 is a possible event.
 When you roll a number cube and toss a coin at the same time, a possible event is a 3
and a tail respectively.

4. Outcomes – set of results on an experiment


 The experiment of coin landing ‘heads’ or ‘tails’.
 6 is a possible outcome when a number cube is rolled.

5. Classical Probability – Measures the likelihood (probability) of something happening is a


statistical concept.
 Rolling a fair die. It’s equally likely you would get a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
 Lottery machines

6. Empirical Probability - The probability of an event based on the outcomes of an experimental


setup repeated numerous times.
 Player’s batting average in baseball.
 The danger of having a head from a coin toss is ½.

7. Subjective Probability - is a type of probability that is based on an individual's understanding,


knowledge, and experience regarding the possibility of an event.
 You think you have an 80% chance of your best friend calling today, because her car
broke down yesterday and she’ll probably need a ride
 You think you have a 50/50 chance of getting the job you applied for, because the other
applicant is also very qualified.
8. Equally Likely Events - When the outcomes of an experiment are equally likely to happen
 When we toss an unbiased coin, the probability of getting a heads is 1/2 and the
probability of getting a tails is 1/2.
 Playing cards

9. Complementary Events - are those two events which are the only possible events
 Complementary events with multiple coin flips
 Complementary events with a standard 6-sided die

10. Tree Diagrams – To express the probability space


 Consider an example in probability to draw a tree diagram for tossing a coin. There are
two branches: head and tail.
 The event that ‘the die shows a number greater than 4’ given that ‘there is at least one
tail’.

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