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    Types of Concord: Rassol Hameed Thjil

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    Monther Samer
    The document discusses various types of concord in English grammar, including: 1) Number concord, which involves agreement between subjects and verbs in singular or plural forms. 2) Concord of person, which depends on the subject and involves agreement in verb forms like 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person. 3) Concord of gender, pronoun, and pronouns with their antecedents in terms of person, number, and gender. 4) Other types like concord of pronouns, numbers, and circumstantial phrases which involve agreement in properties like number, gender, case, and definiteness.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Types of Concord: Rassol Hameed Thjil

    Uploaded by

    Monther Samer
    45 views6 pages
    The document discusses various types of concord in English grammar, including: 1) Number concord, which involves agreement between subjects and verbs in singular or plural forms. 2) Concord of person, which depends on the subject and involves agreement in verb forms like 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person. 3) Concord of gender, pronoun, and pronouns with their antecedents in terms of person, number, and gender. 4) Other types like concord of pronouns, numbers, and circumstantial phrases which involve agreement in properties like number, gender, case, and definiteness.

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    The document discusses various types of concord in English grammar, including: 1) Number concord, which involves agreement between subjects and verbs in singular or plural forms. 2) Concord of person, which depends on the subject and involves agreement in verb forms like 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person. 3) Concord of gender, pronoun, and pronouns with their antecedents in terms of person, number, and gender. 4) Other types like concord of pronouns, numbers, and circumstantial phrases which involve agreement in properties like number, gender, case, and definiteness.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    45 views6 pages

    Types of Concord: Rassol Hameed Thjil

    Uploaded by

    Monther Samer
    The document discusses various types of concord in English grammar, including: 1) Number concord, which involves agreement between subjects and verbs in singular or plural forms. 2) Concord of person, which depends on the subject and involves agreement in verb forms like 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person. 3) Concord of gender, pronoun, and pronouns with their antecedents in terms of person, number, and gender. 4) Other types like concord of pronouns, numbers, and circumstantial phrases which involve agreement in properties like number, gender, case, and definiteness.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    The Republic of Iraq

    Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

    Faculty of Basic Education

    Imam AL-Kadhum collage

    English Department

    4th Stage-mornning stdy

    Sub.Grammar

    Types of Concord

    Report submitted by the student

    Rassol Hameed Thjil

    It is part of the requirements for a ending study in English

    Under the supervision by

    .Assist. Lect. Shahad Hameed

    2020 2019

    1
    Introduction
    There are many grammatical challenges that confront ESL learners
    on the issue of Concord and various questions arise on how to
    conform to the rules of grammaticality. Which type of subject goes
    with which type of verb? Is it possible to have a plural subject go
    with a singular verb? How does a plural verb look like? Does a
    collective noun take singular or plural verb? If two entities refer to
    one and the same person, do we use a singular or plural verb?
    I have tried to address all these questions in this post. If you can
    understand concord in English, you have just understood the
    grammaticality of the English language and whatever you write or
    say would be infallible. Before showing you the different patterns
    of Concord that exist, let me attempt a definition or a description of
    the word: Concord.
    - Concord
    Another word for Concord is agreement. We need to know how the
    various elements of the English clause or sentence go together if
    we are to be competent users of the English language. Some items
    go along more readily with some other items while some cannot go
    together in usage. When items go with each i.e. when they agree,
    such items are in agreement or that there is concord between them.
    - Types of Concord
    a- Number concord is the most essential type of concord. It is
    frequently marked on the verb in singular or plural
    forms. Number concord is indicated by adding -s to third person
    singular in the present tense or it is represented by
    different forms of the verb (be) which are (is, are, am, was and
    were). A coordinated subject takes a plural verb,

    2
    sometimes it agrees with a singular or a plural verb when it is
    related to abstract nouns:
    15) a- My brother and friend are here.
    b- Doom and gloom was all he spoke of.
    b- Concord of person: This type of concord depends on the
    selection of the subject. If the subject is singular, the
    verb is required to be in the third-person form. Otherwise, second
    and first person pronouns are Actually Greenbaum & Nelson show
    the agreement between the subject and the verb
    in terms of person. The verb (be) has 1st, 2nd and 3rd person
    concord. Whereas main verbs have only 3rd person
    concord:
    16) a- I am your friend. (1st person singular concord)
    b- He is your friend.
    c- He knows you. (3rd person singular concord).
    c- Concord of gender. English shows three types of gender
    masculine, feminine and neutral. It is defined in
    biological terms like - + human, - + animate and - + male. Male
    entities like he, him, his; female entities like she,
    her, hers and neutral entities are it, its. There should be a clear link
    between grammatical and biological features
    d- Concord of pronoun: It refers to the agreement of person,
    number and gender with the noun which it replaces or
    it refers to. It is also called a “Pronoun- Antecedent”. The
    agreement between the

    3
    pronoun and its antecedent is a co reference rather than
    grammatical concord. Pronoun and its antecedent
    agreement is divided into three forms (person, number and gender)
    - Pronoun agreement with person: whenever the antecedent is
    personal, (he or she) is used to achieve the
    agreement. The pronoun (it) is used when the antecedent refers to a
    thing and also the second pronoun (you) is used
    when the antecedent is (you).
    17) a- If a person wants to succeed in this game, he or she must
    know the rules.
    b- If you want to succeed in this game, you must know the rules.
    c- For this game to be successful, it needs to have specific rules.
    - pronoun agreement with number
    The antecedent agrees with the pronoun whether it is singular or
    plural

    4
    - Other Types of Concord
    a- concord of pronouns: pronouns agree with their antecedents in
    number and gender. They are divided into
    different types (prominent, connected and latent). There is another
    type of pronouns which is called “concernment
    pronoun” which refers to the third singular pronoun whether
    masculine or feminine. The use of the concernment
    pronoun depends on a number of conditions:
    - it should be related to the noun which follows it.
    - it should be interpreted in a sentence.
    - it must not be followed by any one of the followers.
    - it comes in the position of the topic.
    - it is only singular.
    The separated pronoun is used between the topic and the comment
    when it is definite noun. It agrees with the topic
    in number, gender and person.
    b- concord of number: numbers can either be singular (one to ten),
    combined (eleven to nineteen) or coordinated
    (twenty one to twenty nine). The numbers (one and two) agree
    with the count noun in number, gender, case and
    definiteness while numbers from (three to ten) do not agree with
    gender. The combined numbers agree with the
    countable noun in gender. The coordinated numbers consist of two
    parts, the first part from (one to nine) agrees

    5
    with the countable noun in gender and the second part of the
    coordinated numbers agrees with the first in case.
    c- concord of circumstantial phrase: It is an accusative indefinite
    temporary description which indicates its
    companion and agrees with in number and gender. The
    circumstantial phrase explains and affirms its companion.
    It confirms the verb of the sentence and the nominal sentence. It
    also indicates interaction and arrangement.

    Reference
    _________________________
    1. Pollard, C., & Sag, I. A. (1994). Head-Driven Phrase
    Structure Grammar. Chicago: Chicago University Press.p.74.
    2. Hogan, G. B. (2013). Building Better Paragraphs. New York:
    WadsWorth Cengage Learning.p.189
    3. Morava, E. C., & Tobin, Y. (2000). Between Grammar and
    Lexicon. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
    https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.183.p.185-186

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