July 29, 2019

A.C. No. 9298 [formerly CBD Case No. 12-3504]

PRESIDING JUDGE AIDA ESTRELLA MACAPAGAL, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BR.195,

DECISION

CAGUIOA, J.:

In a letter-complaint  dated November 10, 2011 addressed to Deputy Clerk of Court and Bar
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Confidant, Atty. Ma. Cristina B. Layusa (Atty. Layusa), Presiding Judge Aida Estrella Macapagal
(Judge Macapagal), Regional Trial Court (RTC), Branch (Br.) 195, Parañaque City alleged that on
even date, she received a letter from respondent Atty. Walter T. Young (Atty. Young), threatening
her that an administrative and a criminal complaint for "knowingly rendering an unjust judgment"
would be filed against her if the writ of possession/writ of demolition would be implemented. This
was in connection with a pending complaint for expropriation (Civil Case No. CV- 04-0245) filed by
the City of Parañaque against Magdiwang Realty Corporation and Fil-Homes Realty Development
Corporation.

It appears that even before the said case was unloaded to Judge Macapagal in 2008, the writ of
possession had already been issued in 2006 by the previous presiding judge. On February 3, 2011,
Judge Macapagal granted the plaintiffs motion for demolition and issued the corresponding writ,
which the sheriff served on the occupants of the subject properties on October 28, 2011. In her
letter, Judge Macapagal alleged that Atty. Young committed an act unbecoming of a lawyer in
violation of the Code of Professional Responsibility (CPR) in sending the subject threatening letter.2

Portions of the subject letter sent by Atty. Young are hereby reproduced as follows:

Dearest Madame:

With all due respect and utmost, I am the counsel for certain residents of the Silverio Compound
against whom a writ of possession/writ of demolition was/were issued by the Regional Trial Court of
Parañaque City (Branch 195) [the "RTC"] which branch is presently presided by Your Honor.

Again, with utmost reverence, we wish to formally inform you that on my clients' behalf, we have filed
a petition for annulment of judgment with prayer for injunctive relief under Rule 4 7 of the Rules of
Court which has been docketed as CA-GR-SP. No. 121938 with the Honorable Court of Appeals.
While we have copy furnished the RTC a copy of the petition via registered mail, we hereby attached
(sic) the first page of the petition for your easy reference and guide as Annex "A".

Modesty aside, I am also the counsel for the K-Ville residents who recently figured in the so-called
Torres land grab scam which affected a 24-hectare parcel of land in the heart of Quezon City and
that I have[,] in coordination with my colleagues, caused the filing of an administrative complaint both
against the Sheriff and the Presiding Judge for the uncanny attempts to execute a judgment against
non-parties to the case.
Indeed, this expropriation case as well as the Torres land grab case, though at first blush are distinct
from each other, have drawn certain parallels. The most significant parallelism is that in both cases,
both magistrates, particularly Your Honor, in regard to this expropriation case, are attempting to
execute a judgment against non-parties to the cases. The foregoing indeed is a very basic violation
of a fundamental precept of law which strikes at the very heart of the concept of "due process".
Having declared such, and with all due respect, but much to our regret, we wish to make manifest
that we will be compelled to file an administrative complaint against you before the Office of the
Court Administrator as well as a criminal complaint for "knowingly rendering an unjust judgment"
if you should persist in your stubborn actuation of implementing the writ of possession/writ of
demolition against non-parties to the expropriation case.

Apart from the concept of judicial courtesy that ought to be accorded the Honorable Court of
Appeals, may we pray therefore unto Your Honor that heretofore, Your Honor must cease and desist
from any action that would prove to be violative of the basic right to due process of my clients by
refraining from implementing the writ of possession as well as the writ of demolition. Thank you so
much and please be guided accordingly. 3

In a Resolution  dated January 18, 2012, the Court required Atty. Young to submit his comment on
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the above letter-complaint within 10 days.

Meanwhile, upon receipt of the letter-complaint, Atty. Young submitted a letter-comment  dated5

November 26, 2011 addressed to Atty. Layusa. Subsequently, upon receipt of the Court's Resolution
dated January 18, 2012, Atty. Young submitted his Comment  dated April 3, 2012 to the Court,
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praying for the dismissal of the subject administrative complaint against him. The letter-comment
and the Comment have almost identical contents. Portions of the Comment are reproduced below:

(2) A writ of possession was issued by the Complainant Judge Macapagal which was set to be
implemented in November 2011, for which reason, my professional service was engaged by informal
settlers who have not been impleaded as defendants to the Case.

(3) As an initial reaction to thwart the eviction of the informal settlers, I called the attention of the
Complainant Judge Macapagal by way of a letter which I discreetly labeled as CONFIDENTIAL on
the envelope thereof.

(4) The main purpose of the letter sent to Complainant Judge Macapagal was to avert the outright
eviction of the informal settlers considering that these informal settlers have not been impleaded as
parties-defendants to the Case. Subsequently thereto, I filed a petition for annulment of judgment
with prayer for injunctive relief with the Court of Appeals on November 8, 2011 which was docketed
as CA-GR SP No. 121938 x x x.

xxxx

(6) First and foremost, there was no intention to malign and contumaciously threaten
the Complainant Judge Macapagal through that letter dated November 10, 2011.

(7) The sending of the letter dated November 10, 2011 was in fact an act made to courteously warn
and prevent the Complainant Judge Macapagal into committing a judicial act which would be a
transgression of the basic rights of the informal settlers who were then my clients to due process,
thus making Complainant Judge Macapagal truly vulnerable to criminal as well as administrative
complaints.
 xxxx

(9) What was in fact intriguing and interesting was that Friday, October 28, 2011, preceded a long
holiday and that on the basis of the notice given to them, the informal settlers were merely given a
10-day grace period to vacate lest the specter of demolition operations will be in their midst. x x x

(10) The Complainant Judge Macapagal ought to feel obliged because, plausibly by reason of the
letter, the Complainant. (sic) Judge Macapagal was accorded an opportunity for a second-sober-
thought consideration. And this second-sober-though (sic) consideration may have actually
prevented Complainant Judge Macapagal from pursuing through her court sheriff with the
scheduled demolition operations in the morning of November 11, 2011 until the TRO got issued in
mid-morning of that day, x x x.

(11) In truth, a very apt passage/quotation which presents an analogy in the warning conveyed unto
the Complainant Judge Macapagal appears in the Book of Ezekiel in the Holy Bible which reads:

xxxx

(12) Truly indeed, no one is INFALLIBLE and we must be thankful in case one would fearlessly call
our attention to our mistakes and/or possible mistakes. 1âшphi1

(13) What made a palpable impression that the Complainant Judge Macapagal was initially
stubbornly pursuing the demolition operations, plausibly because of her desire to please and gratify
the Honorable Mayor of Parañaque City, where her court sits, was the fact that efforts to get certified
true copies of the court documents were given a run-around by the court personnel.

(14) First, on November 2, 2011 when the initial request was made, it was declared that the records
of the case were with the Sheriff (which was a very ridiculous excuse indeed as Sheriffs do not bring
home court records) and that the court sheriff may not report to work on that day.

(15) On November 3, 2011, still the request was ignored as purportedly; (sic) my clients are not
parties to the case. It was only on the third attempt on November 4, 2011, when my clients were
furnished certified true copies and only after one of my clients, x x x threatened that court staff that a
complaint will be lodged with the Office of the Court Administrator if the request is continuously
ignored.

xxxx

(19) Truly, it has been said that if we continue to tolerate misdemeanors in government, our country
will continue to be graft-ridden. The best option therefore is to forewarn government functionaries so
that they may not be lured to commit misdemeanors by inadvertence. And if the warning is totally
ignored, to reveal and disclose and bring to the proper venue all forms of corruption and
misdemeanors in government through vigilance and watchfulness.

(20) And government functionaries including court magistrates must not feel too onion-skinned every
time their attention is called to possible instance of such misdemeanors. Further, it ought to be
remembered that no one is above the law and that anybody be he or she is mighty and powerful
must not forget the fact that every one must be accorded his/her right to due process.
(21) Plausibly, the Complainant Judge Macapagal might have overlooked the fact that my clients
not being parties to the case must not be subject of execution of a court judgment in a case where
they have not been heard .

(22) With this Comment which has delineated and proffered the explanation for the conveyance of
the letter, I firmly believe that I have erased all doubts on my supposed culpability to the effect that I
have disrespectfully maligned and/or irreverently threatened Complainant Judge Macapagal. (Bold 7

in the original; notations ours)

In a Resolution  dated April 16, 2012, the Court referred the case to the Integrated Bar of the
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Philippines (IBP) for investigation, report and recommendation (IRR) or decision within 90 days. On
July 18, 2012, the IBP-Commission on Bar Discipline (CBD) issued a Notice of Mandatory
Conference  , directing the parties to appear before it on September 24, 2012. After the said
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conference, the IBP-CBD issued an Order  directing the parties to submit their respective verified
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position papers within 15 days and afterward, the case shall be deemed submitted for report and
recommendation. While Judge Macapagal filed a Manifestation  dated October 22, 2012, stating that
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she will no longer file a position paper, Atty. Young filed his position paper  dated September 25,
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2012, alleging that: He was courteous in the subject letter; the subject letter was worded in such a
manner that not a hint of scandalous, offensive or menacing tenor was made; he was so choosy with
his words that almost every paragraph was prefaced with a reverential phrase or tone; the objective
of the subject letter was to serve a cautionary notice unto Judge Macapagal so that she "could be
thwarted and/or rescued from treading on unlawful ground (i.e. implementing the writ of possession
on persons who are non-parties to the case in the court a quo);" assuming without admitting that he
threatened Judge Macapagal, the threat must be unlawful in order to be considered as a ground for
an administrative complaint; but the alleged "threat," if it may be called as such, is more of a
cautionary notice - it is neither unlawful, illegal, scandalous, offensive nor menacing since his clients
have a right to file an administrative complaint against an erring magistrate; finally, pursuant to
Canon 18  and 19,  a lawyer is duty-bound to serve his clients with diligence and zeal. 
13 14 15

In a Report and Recommendation  dated October 7, 2013, the Investigating Commissioner found
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that Atty. Young's act of writing the subject letter to Judge Macapagal is tantamount to simple
misconduct and thus, he recommended the imposition of the penalty of warning with a reminder that
a repetition of the same or similar act shall be dealt with more severely. The Investigating
Commissioner noted that writing a personal letter to Judge Macapagal regarding a case pending
before her is not one of the remedies available to Atty. Young.   The Investigating Commissioner
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also stated that Atty. Young's intention is immaterial and "what he did is uncalled for" and "cannot be
countenanced under any situation."  18

In Resolution No. XXI-2014-832  dated October 11, 2014, the IBP Board of Governors (Board)
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reversed the above Report and Recommendation and ruled that Atty. Young committed a
disrespectful and uncalled for act against the judiciary and thus, recommended that he be
suspended from the practice of law for six (6) months. In the Extended Resolution  dated February
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18, 2016 which was issued to explain the rationale behind Resolution No. XXI-2014-832, the Board
held that Atty. 1Young is guilty of violating Canon 11   and Rule 11.04  of the CPR for his "menacing
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language that imputes ill and corrupt motive to a member of the judiciary."  The Board also stated
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that: Atty. Young criticized Judge Macapagal's issuance of the writ of demolition; his imputations and
statements against Judge Macapagal in his letter and in his Comment are disrespectful and show
his conduct unbecoming of a member of the Bar; "no less inappropriate" is his "fairly obvious threat"
against Judge Macapagal when he referred to the "parallel" case of the "Torres land grab case"
where he and his colleagues supposedly "caused the filing of an administrative complaint both
against the Sheriff and the Presiding Judge."  In support of its ruling, the Board cited the following
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cases: in People v. Venturanza,   the Court held the lawyer in contempt for sending a telegram to a
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judge, requesting him to set aside his orders, otherwise criminal, civil and administrative charges will
be filed against him; in Lacurom v. Jacoba,  the Court suspended Atty. Jacoba for two years and
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Atty. Velasco Jacoba for two months from the practice of law for using disrespectful terms in their
motion for reconsideration of the complainant-judge's resolution; and in In re: Almacen v.
Yaptinchay,  the Court suspended Atty. Almacen until further orders from the practice of law for
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filing, as a form of protest, a "Petition to Surrender Lawyer's Certificate of Title" with a prayer for the
Clerk of Court to receive his certificate in trust with reservation that he may retrieve the same when
he regains his faith in the institution.

Aggrieved, Atty. Young filed a "Most Respectful Motion for Reconsideration"  dated March 22, 2016
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of Resolution No. XXI-2014-832, alleging the following: The complaint is not verified and thus should
be dismissed notwithstanding his admission that he sent a letter to Judge Macapagal; he is willing to
accept the penalty of warning as recommended by the Investigating Commissioner; the Board's
recommended penalty of six months is not commensurate with the fault or mistake of sending the
subject letter to Judge Macapagal; he asked forgiveness from Judge Macapagal in the presence of
the Investigating Commissioner but she did not accept his apology; he honestly believed that his
letter was just a cautionary notice which is not unlawful, not illegal, not offensive and not menacing;
the cases cited by the Board are not applicable since their facts are different from his case; he did
not criticize Judge Macapagal and he did not impute ill or corrupt motive against her; and he may
have been overzealous in protecting the rights of his clients against the implementation of the writ of
demolition.   He cited Pena v. Aparicio,  wherein the Court found Atty. Aparicio liable for violation of
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Rule 19.01  of Canon 19 of the CPR and was reprimanded therefor.
31

In an Order  dated March 22, 2016, the Director for Bar Discipline required Judge Macapagal to
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submit within 15 days her comment to the said motion for reconsideration. In her Comment  dated 33

April 29, 2016, Judge Macapagal vehemently denied Atty. Young's allegations in the motion for
reconsideration in connection with his asking for her apology in the presence of the Investigating
Commissioner. Judge Macapagal further alleged that, in making such untruthful statements, Atty.
Young violated Canon 10  of the CPR.
34 35

In a Resolution  dated May 19, 2018, the Board denied Atty. Young's motion for reconsideration,
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there being no new reason and/or new argument adduced to reverse the Board's previous findings
and decision. Thereafter, the IBP-CBD transmitted the records of the case to the Court.

After much consideration, the Court finds Atty. Young's act of sending the subject letter to Judge
Macapagal highly improper. Moreover, as shown in the following portion of the subject letter, there is
no question that Atty. Young did threaten to file administrative and criminal complaints against Judge
Macapagal if the writ of demolition was implemented:

x x x with all due respect, but much to our regret, we wish to make manifest that we will be
compelled to file an administrative complaint against you before the Office of the Court Administrator
as well as a criminal complaint for "knowingly rendering an unjust judgment" if you should persist
in your stubborn actuation of implementing the writ of possession/writ of demolition against non-
parties to the expropriation case.  (Bold in the original)
37

Furthermore, while Atty. Young alleged in his Comment that he had no intention to threaten Judge
Macapagal in sending the subject letter, he also stated that she may be "stubbornly pursuing" the
demolition operations "because of her desire to please and gratify" the Mayor of Parañaque
City.  He also stated in his Comment that he sent the subject letter in order to "courteously warn"
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and prevent Judge Macapagal from "committing a judicial act which would be a transgression" of his
clients' right to due process, and which would make her "truly vulnerable to criminal as well as
administrative" complaints.  These statements, in the mind of the Court, indubitably demonstrate
39
how Atty. Young had failed to observe the respect due to the Courts and to judicial officers. While he
denied in his motion for reconsideration that he criticized Judge Macapagal, the Court finds
otherwise. In Pantanosas, Jr. v. Pamatong,  the Court reiterated that while lawyers have the right,
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both as officers of the court and as citizens, to criticize in properly respectful terms and through
legitimate channels the acts of courts and judges, such criticisms, no matter how truthful, shall not
spill over the walls of decency and propriety. 41

Further, while the Court agrees with the Board that Atty. Young violated Canon 11 of the CPR, it
deems it appropriate to lower the penalty to reprimand, considering that this is his first offense and in
view of his advanced age.  In determining the penalty to be imposed, the Court considers the facts
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and factors which may serve as mitigating circumstances, such as the respondent's
acknowledgment of his or her infractions and feeling of remorse, family circumstances, respondent's
advanced age, humanitarian and equitable considerations, among others. 43

WHEREFORE, the Court adopts and approves with modification the Resolution No. XXI-2014-832
dated October 11, 2014 of the IBP Board of Governors in CBD Case No. 12-3504. Atty. Walter T.
Young is hereby adjudged GUILTY of violating Canon 11 of the Code of Professional Responsibility
and he is hereby REPRIMANDED with a STERN WARNING that a repetition of the same or similar
act shall be dealt with more severely.

SO ORDERED.

Carpio (Chairperson), Perlas-Bernabe, J. Reyes, Jr., and Lazaro-Javier, JJ., concur.