GS 126-5 PDF

GS 126-5
Guidance for Specification 126-5
DESIGN OF PLATE-AND-FRAME
HEAT EXCHANGERS FOR
OFFSHORE USE
July 1993
Copyright © The British Petroleum Company p.l.c.

Copyright © The British Petroleum Company p.l.c.
All rights reserved. The information contained in this document is
subject to the terms and conditions of the agreement or contract under
which the document was supplied to the recipient's organisation. None
of the information contained in this document shall be disclosed outside
the recipient's own organisation without the prior written permission of
Manager, Standards, BP International Limited, unless the terms of such
agreement or contract expressly allow.
BP GROUP RECOMMENDED PRACTICES AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR ENGINEERING
Issue Date July 1993

Doc. No. GS 126-5 Latest Amendment Date
Document Title
DESIGN OF PLATE-AND-FRAME
HEAT EXCHANGERS FOR
OFFSHORE USE
APPLICABILITY - Does not preclude adaptation for other applications :

Regional Applicability: United Kingdom
SCOPE AND PURPOSE
This document specifies the general requirements for the Mechanical Thermal design and
Testing of Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers for use offshore. Its purpose is for the
specification of fit-for-purpose Heat Exchangers at minimum cost.
AMENDMENTS
Amd Date Page(s) Description
___________________________________________________________________
CUSTODIAN (See Quarterly Status List for Contact)

Mechanical Systems
Issued by:-
Engineering Practices Group, BP International Limited, Research & Engineering Centre
Chertsey Road, Sunbury-on-Thames, Middlesex, TW16 7LN, UNITED KINGDOM
Tel: +44 1932 76 4067 Fax: +44 1932 76 4077 Telex: 296041
CONTENTS
Section Page
FOREWORD .......................................................................................................................iii
1. INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................1
1.1Scope............................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Quality Assurance ................................................................................................1
2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................2

2.1 Data Sheets...........................................................................................................2
2.2 Vendor Responsibilities .......................................................................................2
2.3 Thermal Guarantee...............................................................................................3
2.4 Mechanical Guarantee..........................................................................................3
2.5 Design Methods/Software....................................................................................3
2.6 Operating Environment........................................................................................3
3. THERMAL DESIGN ....................................................................................................4

3.1 Design Pressure/Temperature Limitations...........................................................4
3.2 Fluid Systems.......................................................................................................4
3.3 Fouling Resistances..............................................................................................4
3.4 Number of Streams ..............................................................................................4
3.5 Plate-Pass Arrangements......................................................................................5
3.6 Flow Velocity/Pressure Drop Limits ...................................................................5
4. MECHANICAL DESIGN.............................................................................................5
4.1 General .................................................................................................................5
4.2 Mechanical Design Requirements........................................................................6
4.3 Plate Design .........................................................................................................6
5 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS.......................................................................7
5.1 General .................................................................................................................7
5.2 Nozzles.................................................................................................................7
5.3 Lifting Lugs..........................................................................................................7
5.4 Earthing Bosses....................................................................................................8
6. MATERIALS.................................................................................................................8
6.1 General .................................................................................................................8
6.2 Bolting..................................................................................................................8
6.3 Tie Rods and Tie Rod Bolting .............................................................................8
6.4 Gaskets .................................................................................................................8
7. WELDING .....................................................................................................................9
*7.1General ................................................................................................................9
GS 126-5
DESIGN OF PLATE-AND-FRAME HEAT PAGE i
EXCHANGERS FOR OFFSHORE USE
8. INSPECTION, TESTING AND CERTIFICATION .................................................9
8.1 General .................................................................................................................9
8.2 Non-destructive Examination (NDE)...................................................................9
8.3 Hydrostatic Testing ..............................................................................................10
8.4 Reports and Acceptance Certificates ...................................................................10
9. PART IDENTIFICATION AND NAMEPLATES.....................................................11

9.1 Nameplates...........................................................................................................11
9.2 Component Marking ............................................................................................11
10. PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT ............................................................................12

10.1 General ...............................................................................................................12
APPENDIX A.......................................................................................................................13
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................13
APPENDIX B.......................................................................................................................14
LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS ................................................................14
APPENDIX C.......................................................................................................................15
PROCESS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTY DATA SHEET (Imperial Units) ..........15
APPENDIX C.......................................................................................................................16
PROCESS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTY DATA SHEETS (Metric Units)...........16
APPENDIX D.......................................................................................................................17
PLATE AND FRAME HEAT EXCHANGER SPECIFICATION SHEET .............17
(Imperial Units)..........................................................................................................17
APPENDIX D.......................................................................................................................18
PLATE AND FRAME EXCHANGER SPECIFICATION SHEET .........................18
(Metric Units).............................................................................................................18
APPENDIX E.......................................................................................................................19
NOZZLE LOADS ON PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS ..........................................19
GS 126-5
DESIGN OF PLATE-AND-FRAME HEAT PAGE ii
FOREWORD
Introduction to BP Group Recommended Practices and Specifications for

Engineering
The Introductory Volume contains a series of documents that provide an

introduction to the BP Group Recommended Practices and Specifications for
Engineering (RPSEs). In particular, the 'General Foreword' sets out the philosophy
of the RPSEs. Other documents in the Introductory Volume provide general
guidance on using the RPSEs and background information to Engineering Standards
in BP. There are also recommendations for specific definitions and requirements.
Value of this Guidance for Specification
This Guidance for Specification was developed under the BP Exploration XEU
Simple Specifications Initiative. This initiative is intended to simplify the
purchasing requirements through a minimum conditions of satisfaction approach in
regions where there is a mature supplier resource.
Application
This Guidance for Specification is intended to guide the purchaser in the use or
creation of a fit-for-purpose specification for enquiry or purchasing activity.
Text in italics is Commentary. Commentary provides background information

which supports the requirements of the Specification, and may discuss alternative
options. It also gives guidance on the implementation of any 'Specification' or
'Approval' actions; specific actions are indicated by an asterisk (*) preceding a
paragraph number.
This document may refer to certain local, national or international regulations but
the responsibility to ensure compliance with legislation and any other statutory
requirements lies with the user. The user should adapt or supplement this document
to ensure compliance for the specific application.
Specification Ready for Application
A Specification (BP Spec 126-5) is available which may be suitable for enquiry or
purchasing without modification. It is derived from this BP Group Guidance for
Specification by retaining the technical body unaltered but omitting all commentary,
omitting the data page and inserting a modified Foreword.
GS 126-5
DESIGN OF PLATE-AND-FRAME HEAT PAGE iii
Feedback and Further Information
Users are invited to feed back any comments and to detail experiences in the
application of BP RPSE's, to assist in the process of their continuous improvement.
For feedback and further information, please contact Standards Group, BP

International or the Custodian. See Quarterly Status List for contacts.
GS 126-5
DESIGN OF PLATE-AND-FRAME HEAT PAGE iv
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 This document specifies BP general requirements for design

of plate-and-frame heat exchangers for use offshore.
It is intended for use in conjunction with a functional specification and

associated data sheets and drawings which give specific project
requirements.
The design life of the equipment shall be 20 years. The

required corrosion allowances shall be as stated on the
exchanger data sheets.
Thermal Design is the act of providing of a completed

Exchanger Specification Datasheet and (optionally) an
Exchanger Setting Plan.
An Exchanger Setting Plan is a simple diagram outlining approximate

overall dimensions of the unit including headers, nozzles etc.
Detailed Exchanger Drawings covering exact overall

dimensions and other details e.g. flange thicknesses, shell
thicknesses etc. are considered to be 'Mechanical Design'.
1.1.2 These requirements are applicable to process heat exchangers,

and do not include ancillary units used to cool non-process
streams.
Occasionally a plate-and-frame exchanger is supplied as part of an

overall process package e.g. compressors with intercoolers. This
specification is deemed to apply unless the vendor can demonstrate that
any proposed departure is proven and accords with their normal practice.
1.2 Quality Assurance
Verification of the vendor's quality system is normally part of the pre-

qualification procedure, and is therefore not specified in the core text of
this specification. If this is not the case, clauses should be inserted to
require the vendor to operate and be prepared to demonstrate the quality
system to the purchaser. The quality system should ensure that the
technical and QA requirements specified in the enquiry and purchase
documents are applied to all materials, equipment and services provided
by sub-contractors and to any free issue materials.
Further suggestions may be found in the BP Group RPSEs Introductory

Volume
GS 126-5
DESIGN OF PLATE-AND-FRAME HEAT PAGE 1
2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1 Data Sheets
* 2.1.1 Process and Physical Property data sheets (Appendix C) shall

be completed by the Purchaser. As a minimum, items 1, 2, 3,
6, 7, 8, 9, 12 and 13 in the Process Data Section must be
completed. Maximum weights shall also be stated.
Sufficient data must be filled in the property data sections to enable an

accurate design to be obtained. This will generally include as a minimum
inlet and outlet properties. In addition, properties should be specified at
dew and/or bubble points if these are between the inlet and outlet
conditions. Additional intermediate points may be necessary for very non
linear cooling/heating curves.
* 2.1.2 The Exchanger Specification Datasheet (Appendix D) shall be

completed by the Purchaser and/or Vendor as appropriate.
As a rule, it is expected that the Exchanger Specification Datasheet will

initially be partly completed by the Purchaser e.g. specifying materials of
construction, fouling factors etc., and then fully completed by the Thermal
Designer.
2.1.3 Upon request by the Purchaser, the Thermal Designer shall

supply an Exchanger Setting Plan.
2.1.4 The Purchaser may use his own standard data sheets,
providing they give all the information required in
Appendices C and D.
2.1.5 Plate heat exchangers shall be designed and constructed to

ASME VIII Division 1 unless agreed otherwise with the
Purchaser.
2.2 Vendor Responsibilities
2.2.3 The Vendor shall be responsible for ensuring the following, as

a minimum:-
- Satisfactory thermal design and mechanical design and

operational performance for the heat exchangers.
- Maintenance of performance guarantees and

warranties.
- Providing all necessary interface documentation,

including overall general arrangement drawings,
GS 126-5
dimensional outline drawings and foundation loading
drawings.
- Ensuring that the heat exchangers will operate

satisfactorily at all specified operational extremes.
- Ensuring that the heat exchangers are suitable to

withstand the specified external nozzle loadings.
- Providing complete installation, maintenance and

operating instructions for the heat exchangers.
2.3 Thermal Guarantee
2.3.1 A thermal guarantee shall always be supplied. In most cases

the Thermal Designer shall supply this, but in exceptional
circumstances it may be another party subject to approval by
the Purchaser.
2.3.2 The Vendor may be requested to provide a thermal guarantee,

when the thermal design has been done by the Purchaser, in
which case he shall check the proposed design.
2.4 Mechanical Guarantee
2.4.1 The Vendor shall provide a Mechanical Guarantee against the

mechanical conditions given on the datasheet.
2.5 Design Methods/Software
2.5.1 Vendor's own software may be used, but in the event of a

dispute, BP may require a cross-check with HTFS or HTRI
programs (see Appendix A) or equivalent.
In general, Vendors will have detailed in-house correlations, and such

information is not usually available. Thus any cross-check with
HTFS/HTRI can only be considered to be a guide rather than a definitive
answer.
2.6 Operating Environment
The environmental conditions shall be as indicated on the data

sheets.
GS 126-5
3. THERMAL DESIGN
3.1 Design Pressure/Temperature Limitations
* 3.1.1 Plate-and-Frame Exchangers may not be used at design

pressures above 30 bar abs (435 psi abs) without approval by
the Purchaser.
Plate-and-Frame Exchangers may not be used at design

temperatures above 260°C (500°F) without approval by the
Purchaser.
As a rule, the higher the design temperature, the lower the design
pressure and vice-versa. Caution must be exercised when specifying a
high design temperature and pressure.
The plate shall be designed such that each stream can operate
at full design pressure/temperature with no pressure on the
other stream(s).
3.2 Fluid Systems
* 3.2.1 In most cases, plate-and-frame exchangers will be limited to

single phase liquids, and single-phase gases.
Vaporising duties are not permitted.
Condensing duties (with the exception of condensing steam)

shall only be used subject to Purchaser approval.
3.3 Fouling Resistances
* 3.3.1 Fouling resistances will be specified by the Purchaser on the

data sheets. Alternatively a percent excess area for fouling
may be specified.
Fouling resistances are generally lower in plate-and-frame exchangers

compared with shell-and-tube exchangers. In absence of any reliable
data, it is recommended that a percent excess area be specified, and an
"effective" fouling factor equivalent to this be calculated to assess if the
percent excess area is reasonable.
3.4 Number of Streams
* 3.4.1 In general, there shall only be two streams. More than two
streams are only permissible subject to Purchaser approval.
Occasionally, two or more duties may be combined in a single frame so as

to save space/weight/cost.
GS 126-5
3.5 Plate-Pass Arrangements
3.5.1 The number of passes for each stream shall be determined by

the thermal designer unless stated on the Exchanger
Specification Sheet.
It is expected that there will only be one pass per stream (pure
countercurrent) in most cases.
3.5.2 Where possible, all the port connections shall be on one side
only of the plate pack (the fixed head plate) - commonly
termed the U-arrangement, so as to ensure the plate pack can
be modified without removing external pipework.
Occasionally, it is necessary to have two connections on the
fixed head plate and two on the floating head plate, in order to
avoid flow distribution problems between the channels and
shall be checked by the thermal designer. This is commonly
termed the Z arrangement.
3.6 Flow Velocity/Pressure Drop Limits
3.6.1 The maximum flow velocity (m/s) in the inlet and outlet ports
shall not exceed 150/√ρ where ρ is the mean fluid density in
kg/m3.
* 3.6.2 The maximum pressure drop through the inlet and outlet ports
and nozzles shall not exceed 10% of the allowable unit
pressure drop as specified on the Process Data sheet.
4. MECHANICAL DESIGN
4.1 General
4.1.1 The design shall incorporate design features to minimise the

effects of corrosion generated by galvanic action between
dissimilar metals used for plates and heads.
4.1.2 The design shall incorporate a protective metal shroud to

cover the sides and top of the exchanger plate pack. The
shroud shall have minimum clearance of 50 mm (2 in) from
the plate pack.
4.1.3 A drip tray with drain connections shall be provided as an

integral part of the exchanger frame. The drip tray shall
extend for the full length of the frame and be 25 mm (1 in)
wider all round than the shroud.
GS 126-5
4.2 Mechanical Design Requirements
4.2.1 All plate heat exchangers and attachment welds shall be

designed for the most severe combinations of conditions,
caused by dead weights, internal pressure, piping loads, and
all other loads which are likely to be imposed during erection,
operation, maintenance and testing at the Vendor's work and
in situ. In addition, due consideration shall be given to the
effects of transportation.
4.2.2 Full design calculations shall be in accordance with the design

code specified. S.I. units shall be used throughout with the
exception of nozzles and piping nominal sizes which shall be
in imperial sizes.
4.2.3 The exchanger frame shall be designed to allow the complete

assembled dry unit to be lifted and installed without the need
for temporary stiffening.
* 4.2.4 The tow-out loads shall be given by the Purchaser in the data
sheet.
4.2.5 Nozzles shall be designed for the loadings given in Appendix

E. Should the nature of the plate exchanger design preclude
economic design for these loads, the Vendor shall supply
details of the maximum allowable loads and moments with
his quotation.
4.2.6 The corrosion allowance for all wetted surfaces other than the
plate pack shall be as specified on the data sheets.
* 4.2.7 The basic allowable stresses for non-pressure parts shall be

subject to approval by the Purchaser. The basic allowable
stress for carbon steel anchor bolts shall be 110 N/mm2
(16000 psi) calculated on the root area of the bolts.
4.3 Plate Design
4.3.1 The plates shall be designed such that each stream can operate
at full design temperature/pressure with no pressure on the
other stream.
4.3.2 Individual plates shall be removable and replaceable without

having to remove adjacent plates from the frame.
GS 126-5
4.3.3 All plate gaskets shall be properly secured over the entire
periphery.
4.3.4 All corner ports carrying a different process or service stream

to that on the plate shall incorporate double gaskets with the
space between gaskets vented directly to atmosphere.
5 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
5.1 General
5.1.1 All components other than the frame and heads, shall be the
Vendor's standard type and shall be replaceable from stock.
5.1.2 Each exchanger shall contain a plate loading identification

stating the number of plates and recommended tightened
dimensions.
5.2 Nozzles
5.2.1 The exchangers shall be provided with flanged nozzles in

accordance with the type specified on the data sheets.
5.2.2 Flanges shall be of the weld neck, or integrally forged long

weld neck type. Pad type connections shall not be permitted.
5.2.3 Nozzle standouts shall be provided by the Vendor with the

quotation.
5.2.4 All bolt holes in the nozzles shall straddle the vertical
centreline of the nozzles.
5.3 Lifting Lugs
5.3.1 Each exchanger shall be provided with the lifting lugs/holes,

so placed as to avoid overstressing the frame during lifting
operations.
5.3.2 Lifting lugs shall be designed using shackle pin sizes in

accordance with BS 6994, unless other shackles are specified
on the data sheets. The design shall incorporate an impact
factor of 2.
* 5.3.3 All calculations related to provisions for lifting shall be

submitted to the Purchaser for approval.
GS 126-5
5.4 Earthing Bosses
5.4.1 Two earthing bosses shall be provided, one at each end of the
frame. Earthing boss details shall be in accordance with the
Vendor Standard Drawings.
6. MATERIALS
6.1 General
* 6.1.1 Materials of construction shall be as specified on the data

sheets.
Carbon-Steel shall not be used for the plates.
In most cases, for non-corrosive services, the plates will normally be

made of stainless steel, and for corrosive services of titanium.
6.1.2 Material certificates shall be supplied for all materials,

showing chemical analyses and all test results required by the
relevant material specification.
6.1.3 All materials shall be identified against its material

certificates.
6.1.4 Each plate shall be stamped with the heat number for the
material and its year of manufacture.
6.2 Bolting
* 6.2.1 Pipe flanges shall be designed for alloy steel stud bolting in
accordance with the appropriate grade specified in BS 4882,
or equivalent, for the design conditions given on the data
sheets. Stud bolts shall have a full continuous thread and
shall be long enough to extend 6 mm (1/4 in) outside each
nut.
6.3 Tie Rods and Tie Rod Bolting
* 6.3.1 Tie rods and tie rod bolting shall be of alloy steel material in
accordance with the appropriate grade specified in BS 4882,
or equivalent, for the design conditions given on the data
sheets.
GS 126-5
6.4 Gaskets
6.4.1 Gaskets shall be furnished by the Vendor for all bolted

attachments and plates.
* 6.4.2 Materials for plate gaskets shall be specified by the Vendor

and shall be suitable for the service based on proven field
experience. Plate gasket materials shall be subject to approval
by the Purchaser.
Full details of the service performance of the proposed gasket

material on comparable duties shall be provided by the
Vendor with his quotation.
A full specification for the gaskets, together with the name of

the proposed supplier shall also be given.
7. WELDING
* 7.1 General
7.1.1 The Vendor shall submit proposed weld procedures, weld

details and welder qualifications, etc. for the Purchaser's
review and approval prior to commencing any production
welding.
7.1.2 Repair welding of the heat transfer plates shall not be

permitted.
8. INSPECTION, TESTING AND CERTIFICATION
8.1 General
* 8.1.1 Inspection and testing shall be carried out on all equipment at

the applicable manufacturer's works and shall be witnessed by
the Purchaser's representatives and/or the Certifying
Authority.
8.1.2 All non-destructive examination shall be carried out in

accordance with the design code as a minimum. All personnel
involved in non-destructive testing shall be qualified to a
nationally recognised standard.
GS 126-5
8.2 Non-destructive Examination (NDE)
8.2.1 All welds on heat exchangers shall be checked by dye

penetrant/magnetic particle inspection (MPI). MPI shall be
used for ferromagnetic materials and dye penetrant inspection
for non-ferrous materials and austenitic stainless steels.
8.2.2 All cut edges, including cut outs for nozzles shall be visually
checked followed by dye penetrant examination.
8.2.3 The tie bars shall be subject to a visual examination to check

that no mechanical damage exists.
8.2.4 Butt welds on nozzle necks shall be subjected to 100%

radiographic examination where practicable.
8.3 Hydrostatic Testing
8.3.1 All plate heat exchangers shall be hydrostatically tested at the

Vendor's works in accordance with the design code.
The test shall consist of the following:-
(a) Hot side for 30 minutes duration

(b) Cold side for 30 minutes duration.
(c) Hot side and cold side for 30 minutes duration.
8.3.2 The test pressure used shall be calculated in accordance with

the design code.
8.3.3 Normally, only fresh water shall be used for hydrostatic

testing, heated if necessary to achieve the required minimum
metal temperature. For austenitic and duplex stainless steels,
chloride content shall be less than 30 ppm.
* Where it is proposed that the test fluid be something other

than water, or that a chemical be added to the water for any
reason, the Purchaser shall be consulted, and approval granted
before testing.
8.3.4 On completion of hydrostatic testing, exchangers shall be

drained and blown dry with hot air for 30 minutes. A 50 mm
(2 in) (approx.) wide band shall be painted diagonally across
the edges of one side of the plate pack in order to ensure
correct assembly during subsequent maintenance. Marking
paint shall not contain metallic pigments, chlorides or other
GS 126-5
materials which are incompatible with the materials of
construction.
8.4 Reports and Acceptance Certificates
The Vendor shall prepare a report on the tests and the results,
which shall be included in the 'Data Books'. All Data Books
produced shall be complete and copies shall be submitted to
the Purchaser for review.
9. PART IDENTIFICATION AND NAMEPLATES
9.1 Nameplates
9.1.1 Each complete heat exchanger shall be provided with a type

316 stainless steel nameplate securely fixed to the fixed head
and located so that it is clearly visible after installation.
9.1.2 The nameplates shall incorporate the following stamped data

as a minimum:-
- Equipment Item Number

- Purchaser's Name and Order Number.
- Manufacturer's Name and Serial Number.
- Purchaser's Works Identification Number (9 digits)
- Year of Manufacture
- Heat Exchanger Surface (m2)
- Design Code
- Test Pressure (New) Hot Side/Cold Side (barg)
- Design Pressure Hot Side/Cold Side (barg)
- Design Temperature Hot Side/Cold Side (°C)
- X-Ray
- PWHT
- Total Weight Empty (kg)
- Weight of Plates Clean (kg)
- Number of Plates
The letters and figures shall be clearly stamped. The height of

the letter shall be approximately 10 mm (3/8 in).
The design temperatures shall be the co-incident temperatures

to the design pressures.
9.2 Component Marking
9.2.1 The following parts shall be stamped with the manufacturer's

serial number and match marked to prevent misassembly in
the field:-
- Frame Section
GS 126-5
- Fixed Head
- Floating Head
- Tie Rods
- Plates
10. PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT
10.1 General
10.1.1 Requirements for painting and preparation for shipment shall

be as specified by the Purchaser.
These requirements should be covered in a functional specification.
GS 126-5
APPENDIX A
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Definitions
Standardised definitions may be found in the BP Group RPSEs Introductory

Volume.
thermal designer: the party who actually does the thermal design. May be
Purchaser, Vendor or another party subcontracted to
carry out the Thermal Design.
Abbreviations
HTFS Heat Transfer & Fluid Flow Service

HTRI Heat Transfer Research Incorporated
MPI Magnetic Particle Inspection
GS 126-5
APPENDIX B
LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
A reference invokes the latest published issue or amendment unless stated otherwise.
Referenced standards may be replaced by equivalent standards that are

internationally or otherwise recognised provided that it can be shown to the
satisfaction of the purchaser's professional engineer that they meet or exceed the
requirements of the referenced standards.
BS 4882 Specification for Bolting for Flanges and Pressure Containing

Purposes.
BS 5500 Specification for Unfired Fusion Welded Pressure Vessels.
BS 6994 Specification for Steel Shackles for Lifting and General

Engineering Purposes.
GS 126-5
APPENDIX C
PROCESS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTY DATA SHEET (Imperial Units)

P rocess Data Note 1 STREAM NO. STREAM NO.
Fluid Name
Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet
1 Total Fluid Quantity lb/h
2 Vapour lb/h
3 Liquid lb/h
4 S team/W a t e r lb/h
5 Non-Condensable lb/h
6 Temperature F
7 Inlet Pressure (abs) psi
8 Pressure drop psi
9 Fouling Resistance h ft2F/B tu
10 Maximum Velocity ft/s
11 Minimum Velocity ft/s
E x c h a n g e r S ize
12 Maximum Exchanger Weight (dry) lb
13 M a x i m u m B u n d l e /Core/P a c k W e i g h t lb
14 Maximum Plot Area (L x W) ft x ft /
PROPERTY DATA - STREAM Note 2

1 Fluid
2 Reference Flowrate lb/h
3 Reference Pressure psia
Enthalpy Curve 1 2 3 4 5 6
4 Temperature F required
5a S p e c i f i c E n t h a l p y , a n d /or B tu/lb Note 3,4
5b Heat Load M M B tu/h Note 3,4
6 Vapour Mass Fraction - required
Liquid Properties
8 Density lb/ft3 required
9 Viscosity cP required
10 Thermal Conductivity B tu/h ftF required
11 S pecific Heat Capacity B tu/lb F required
12 Surface Tension d y n e /c m Note 5
Vapour Properties

1 Fluid
5a S p e c i f i c E n t h a l p y , a n d /or B tu/lb Note 3,4
5b Heat Load M M B tu/h Note 3,4
Liquid Properties
12 Surface Tension d y n e /c m Note 5
Vapour Properties
Notes
1 Fill in as many copies of this sheet as necessary for exchangers with more than two streams
2 For single-phase streams, only relevant property section needs to be filled in
3 Heat Load or specific enthalpy (preferred option) may be suppliedand both increase with temperature
4 If heat load is uuplied the reference flowrate (usually stream flowrate) relevant to enthalpy curve is needed
5 Surface tension is only required for boiling/c o n d e n s i n g s t r e a m s
GS 126-5
APPENDIX C
PROCESS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTY DATA SHEETS (Metric Units)

Process Data Note 1 STREAM NO. STREAM NO.
Fluid Name
Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet
1 Total Fluid Quantity lb/h
2 Vapour lb/h
3 Liquid lb/h
4 Steam/Water lb/h
5 Non-Condensable lb/h
6 Temperature F
7 Inlet Pressure (abs) psi
8 Pressure drop psi
9 Fouling Resistance h ft2F/Btu
10 Maximum Velocity ft/s
11 Minimum Velocity ft/s
Exchanger Size
12 Maximum Exchanger Weight (dry) lb
13 Maximum Bundle/Core/Pack Weight lb
14 Maximum Plot Area (L x W) ft x ft /

1 Fluid
5a Specific Enthalpy, and/or Btu/lb Note 3,4
5b Heat Load MM Btu/h Note 3,4
Liquid Properties
10 Thermal Conductivity Btu/h ftF required
11 Specific Heat Capacity Btu/lb F required
12 Surface Tension dyne/cm Note 5
Vapour Properties

1 Fluid
5a Specific Enthalpy, and/or Btu/lb Note 3,4
5b Heat Load MM Btu/h Note 3,4
Liquid Properties
12 Surface Tension dyne/cm Note 5
Vapour Properties
Notes
1 Fill in as many copies of this sheet as necessary for exchangers with more than two streams
2 For single-phase streams, only relevant property section needs to be filled in
3 Heat Load or specific enthalpy (preferred option) may be suppliedand both increase with temperature
4 If heat load is uuplied the reference flowrate (usually stream flowrate) relevant to enthalpy curve is needed
5 Surface tension is only required for boiling/condensing streams
GS 126-5
APPENDIX D
PLATE AND FRAME HEAT EXCHANGER SPECIFICATION SHEET

(Imperial Units)
1 SERVICE OF UNIT ITEM NO
2 SIZE (W x L) x ft CONNECTED IN PARALLEL SERIES
3 SURF/UNIT (GROSS) (EFF) ft2 EXCHANGERS/UNIT SURF/EXCHANGER (GROSS) (EFF) ft2
4 % EXCESS AREA/DUTY: THERMAL RATING/DESIGN CASE NO.
5 PERFORMANCE OF ONE UNIT
6 FLUID ALLOCATION HOT-SIDE IN HOT-SIDE OUT COLD-SIDE IN COLD-SIDE OUT
7 FLUID NAME
8 TOTAL FLUID QUANTITY lb/h
9 VAPOUR (IN/OUT)
10 LIQUID (IN/OUT)
11 STEAM/WATER
12 NON-CONDENSABLE
o
13 TEMPERATURE (IN/OUT) F
14 LIQUID / VAPOUR LIQUID / VAPOUR LIQUID / VAPOUR LIQUID / VAPOUR
15 DENSITY lb/ft3 / / / /
16 VISCOSITY cP / / / /
17 SPECIFIC HEAT Btu/lb FlboF / / / /
o
18 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY Btu/h ftlb F / / / /
19 MOLECULAR WEIGHT
o o o o o
20 LATENT HEAT Btu/lb @
@F F AT F AT F AT F AT F
21 INLET PRESSURE psi abs bs
22 PLATE VELOCITY ft/s
23 PORT VELOCITY ft/s
24 PRESSURE DROP (ALLOW/CALC) psi / /
o
25 MEAN METAL TEMPERATURE F
26 FOULING RESISTANCE h ft2 F/Btu
o
F.Btu
27 % EXCESS AREA TO ALLOW FOR FOULING:
o
28 HEAT EXCHANGED (DUTY) MM Bt/h WEIGHTED MEAN TEMP DIFF. F
29 TRANSFER RATE Btu/h ftft2 oF SERVICE CLEAN
30 CONSTRUCTION OF EACH EXCHANGER SKETCH (PLATE/NOZZLE POSITION)
31 HOT-SIDE COLD-SIDE
32 DESIGN/TEST PRESSURE psi abs
o
33 DESIGN TEMPERATURE F
34 NO. PASSES PER STREAM
35 CORROSION ALLOWANCE in
36 CONNECTION INLET
37 NUMBER/SIZE OUTLET
38 AND RATING INTERMEDIATE
39 MAIN PLATE DETAILS MATERIALS
40 NUMBER OF PLATES / PLATES
41 PLATE WIDTH/HEIGHT ft/ft FRAME
42 PORT DIAMETER - HOT STREAM ft GASKETS
43 PORT DIAMETER - COLD STREAM ft
44 HORIZONTAL PORT CENTRE DISTANCE ft
45 HORIZONTAL PORT CENTRE DISTANCE ft
46 COMPRESSED PLATE PITCH in
47 CHEVRON ANGLE ( MEASURED FROM HORIZONTAL) DEGREES
48 CODE REQUIREMENTS STAMP (Y/N)
49 WEIGHTS/EXCHANGER DRY lb FILLED WITH WATER lb PLATE-PACK lb
50 HEAT EXCHANGER TO COMPLY WITH LOCAL/NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS (OF MANUF) (OF OPER)
51 REMARKS SEE BP SPECIFICATION GS 126-5
52 DATE NOTES
53 (1)
54 (2)
55 (3)
56 (4)
57 (5)
58 REVISION DATE REMARKS BY APPROVED
59
60
61
62
63
64
65 CLIENT
66 PROJECT PLATE AND FRAME HEAT EXCHANGERS SHEET
67 LOCATION OF
GS 126-5
APPENDIX D
PLATE AND FRAME EXCHANGER SPECIFICATION SHEET

(Metric Units)
1 S E R V IC E O F U N I T IT E M N O
2 S IZE (W x L) x m C O N N E C T E D IN PARALLEL S E R IE S
3 S U R F /U N I T ( G R O S S ) (E F F ) m2 E X C H A N G E R S /UNIT S U R F /E X C H A N G E R ( G R O S S ) ( E F F ) m +W40
4 % E X C E S S A R E A /D U T Y : T H E R M A L R A T ING/D E S IG N C A S E N O .
5 P E R F O R M A N C E O F O N E U N IT
6 F L U ID ALLOCATION H O T - S I D E IN HOT-SIDE OUT C O L D - S IDE IN C O L D - S IDE O U T
7 FLUID NAME
8 T O T A L F L U I D Q U A N T I T Yk g /h
9 V A P O U R ( I N /O U T )
10 L IQUID (IN/O U T )
11 S T E A M /W A T E R
12 NON-CONDENS A B L E
o
13 T E M P E R A T U R E ( IN/O U T ) C
14 L IQUID / V A P O U RL IQUID / V A P O U RL IQUID / V A P O U RL IQUID / VAPOUR
15 D E N S IT Y k g /m 3 / / / /
16 V IS C O S IT Y cP / / / /
17 S P E C IF IC H E A T k J /k g o C / / / /
o
18 T H E R M A L C O N D U C T IV ITBYtu /h ft F / / / /
19 M O L E C U L A R W E IG H T
o o o o o
20 L A T E N T H E A T M j /k g @ C AT C AT C AT C AT C
21 I N L E T P R E S S U R E bar abs
22 P L A T E V E L O C IT Y m /s
23 P O R T V E L O C IT Y m /s
24 P R E S S U R E D R O P ( (AALLLLOOW
W/C/CAAb
LLaCC
r) )b a r / /
25 M E A N M E T A L T E M P E R A T U R oEC
26 F O U L I N G R E S I S T A N C E m 2 o C /W
27 % E X C E S S A R E A T O A L L O W F O R F O U L ING:
o
28 H E A T E X C H A N G E D ( D U T Y ) kW W E IG H T E D M E A N T E M P D I F F . C
29 T R A N S F E R R A T E W /m 2 o C S E R V IC E CLEAN
30 C O N S T R U C T IO N O F E A C H E X C H A N G E R S K E T C H ( P L A T E /N O Z Z L E P O S IT ION)
31 HOT-SIDE C O L D - S IDE
32 D E S IGN/T E S T P R E S S U RpEs i a b s
33 D E S I G N T E M P E R A T U R Eo C
34 N O . P A S S E S P E R S T R E A M
35 C O R R O S I O N A L L O W A N C
mEm
36 C O N N E C T I O N INLET
37 N U M B E R /S I Z E OUTLET
38 A N D R A T I N G INTERMEDIATE
39 M A IN P L A T E D E T A I L S M A T E R IA L S
40 N U M B E R O F P L A T E S / PLATES
41 P L A T E W IDTH/H E I G H T m /m FRAME
42 P O R T D IA M E T E R - H O T S T R E A M m GASKETS
43 P O R T D IA M E T E R - C O L D S T R E A M m
44 H O R I Z O N T A L P O R T C E N T R E D I S T A NmC E
45 H O R I Z O N T A L P O R T C E N T R E D I S T A NmC E
46 C O M P R E S S E D P L A T E P IT C H m m
47 C H E V R O N A N G L E ( M E A S U R E D FROM HORIZONTAL) DEGREES
48 C O D E R E Q U I R E M E N T S S T A M P ( Y /N)
49 W E IG H T S /E X C H A N G E R DRY kg F IL L E D W IT H W A T E R 1 PlkbLgA T E - P A C K kg
50 H E A T E X C H A N G E R T O C O M P L Y W I T H L O C A L /N A T I O N A L R E Q U I R E M E N T S ( O F M A N U F ) ( O F O P E R )
51 R E M A R K S S E E B P S P E C I F I C A T I O N G S 126-5
52 DATE NOTES
53 (1)
54 (2)
55 (3)
56 (4)
57 (5)
58 REVISION DATE REMARKS BY APPROVED
59
60
61
62
63
64
65 CLIENT
66 PROJECT PLATE AND FRAME HEAT EXCHANGERS S HEET
67 L O C A T ION OF
GS 126-5
APPENDIX E
NOZZLE LOADS ON PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS
D1. GENERAL
Due to thermal expansion, internal pressure, dead weight etc., pipework that
is connected to nozzles on plate heat exchangers may exert forces and
moments on to the exchanger. The design of the heat exchanger shall take
account of these forces and moments (loads).
D2.
NOTATION
D - Nominal diameter of nozzle (mm)
FR - Positive or negative radial force (N)
ML - Longitudinal moment on the cylinder (Nm)
MC - Circumferential moment on the cylinder (Nm)
P - Internal pressure of the vessel (barg)
D3.
ANALYSIS OF LOADS
D3.1 The effects of torsional moment and shear forces may be

ignored.
D3.2 The loads at the intersection of the axis of the nozzle with the
mid-plane of the heat exchanger end plate shall be evaluated
from the following formula:-
(a) Radial Force
FR = ± [20 x D 1.2 + P x D 0.85]
The effect of both positive and negative values of the force

shall be evaluated.
(b) Moment
ML = MC = [1.75 x D 1.4] + [5.0 x10 -6 x P x D 2.9]
GS 126-5

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What factors are considered in the thermal design of plate and frame heat exchangers?

What factors are considered in the thermal design of plate and frame heat exchangers?

GS 126-5

Guidance for Specification 126-5

Copyright © The British Petroleum Company p.l.c.

Issue Date July 1993

APPLICABILITY - Does not preclude adaptation for other applications :

SCOPE AND PURPOSE

CUSTODIAN (See Quarterly Status List for Contact)

2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................2

3. THERMAL DESIGN ....................................................................................................4

9. PART IDENTIFICATION AND NAMEPLATES.....................................................11

10. PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT ............................................................................12

Introduction to BP Group Recommended Practices and Specifications for

The Introductory Volume contains a series of documents that provide an

Value of this Guidance for Specification

Text in italics is Commentary. Commentary provides background information

Specification Ready for Application

For feedback and further information, please contact Standards Group, BP

1.1.1 This document specifies BP general requirements for design

It is intended for use in conjunction with a functional specification and

The design life of the equipment shall be 20 years. The

Thermal Design is the act of providing of a completed

An Exchanger Setting Plan is a simple diagram outlining approximate

Detailed Exchanger Drawings covering exact overall

1.1.2 These requirements are applicable to process heat exchangers,

Occasionally a plate-and-frame exchanger is supplied as part of an

1.2 Quality Assurance

Verification of the vendor's quality system is normally part of the pre-

Further suggestions may be found in the BP Group RPSEs Introductory

2.1 Data Sheets

* 2.1.1 Process and Physical Property data sheets (Appendix C) shall

Sufficient data must be filled in the property data sections to enable an

* 2.1.2 The Exchanger Specification Datasheet (Appendix D) shall be

As a rule, it is expected that the Exchanger Specification Datasheet will

2.1.3 Upon request by the Purchaser, the Thermal Designer shall

2.1.5 Plate heat exchangers shall be designed and constructed to

2.2 Vendor Responsibilities

2.2.3 The Vendor shall be responsible for ensuring the following, as

- Satisfactory thermal design and mechanical design and

- Maintenance of performance guarantees and

- Providing all necessary interface documentation,

- Ensuring that the heat exchangers will operate

- Ensuring that the heat exchangers are suitable to

- Providing complete installation, maintenance and

2.3 Thermal Guarantee

2.3.1 A thermal guarantee shall always be supplied. In most cases

2.3.2 The Vendor may be requested to provide a thermal guarantee,

2.4 Mechanical Guarantee

2.4.1 The Vendor shall provide a Mechanical Guarantee against the

2.5 Design Methods/Software

2.5.1 Vendor's own software may be used, but in the event of a

In general, Vendors will have detailed in-house correlations, and such

2.6 Operating Environment

The environmental conditions shall be as indicated on the data

3.1 Design Pressure/Temperature Limitations

* 3.1.1 Plate-and-Frame Exchangers may not be used at design