Name : Filma Manurung

Class : TK-6A
Student ID Number : 1705061022
Subject : English for Engineering

Exercise A Rephrasing
Re-write the following sentences, replacing the words in italics with expressions from the
passage which have a similar meaning.
1. A lamp converts electrical energy into light.
2. The generator provides the circuit with electromotive force.
3. The metal frame of the oscilloscope is part of the transmission system
4. The rheostat controls the current flow in the circuit
5. A battery of solar cells supplies power to the circuit
ANSWERS:
1. A lamp transforms electrical energy into light, or A lamp changes electrical
energy into light
2. The generator supplies the circuit with electromotive force
3. The metal casing of the oscilloscope is part of the transmission system
4. The rheostat manages the current flow in the circuit
5. A battery of solar cells provides power to the circuit

Exercise B Contextual Reference

What do the pronouns in italics in these sentences refer to?
1. Current moves from a point of high potential energy to one of low potential (line 1)
(a) Current
(b) Energy
(c) A point
Answer: B. Energy

2. For example, it may be a generator or a battery. (line 7)

(a) The source
(b) A device
(c) Electromotive force
Answer: A. The source

3. It is often possible, however, for the metal frame of a unit to be one section of its
transmission system. (line 13)
(a) The metal frame’s
(b) The unit’s
(c) The circuit’s
Answer: A. The metal frame’s
 4. Although the function of this circuit is much more complex than that of the flashlight,
it too consists of the four basic elements. (line 27)
(a) This circuit
(b) The function
(c) The flashlight
Answer: B. The function

Exercise C Checking Facts and ideas

Decide if these statements are true or false. Quote from the passage to support your decisions.
1. A difference in potential is required before current can flow in a circuit.
(True, “This established the difference in potential which makes current flow
possible” -line 6)

2. A generator is a source of electromotive force. (False, because the generator is not

the only source of electromotive force, “This source can be any device which
supplies electrical energy. For example, it may be a generator or a battery. – line
7&8)

3. Loads convert electrical energy into light and heat. (True, “The load converts the
electrical energy from the source into some other form of energy. For instance, a
lamp changes electrical energy into light and heat. – Line 9&10).

4. Transmission systems must consist of wires. (False, “Any conductor can be part of
a transmission system” – Line 13).

5. A rheostat may be used as a control. (True, “It may control the current by limiting
it, as does a rheostat, or by interrupting it, as does a switch”. – Line 18)

6. The load in the flashlight circuit is a bulb. (True, “The load is a 0.3 W bulb” – Line
21)

7. The source in the satellite circuit is a solar cell. (True, “Here, the source is a battery
of solar cells” – Line 24)

8. The current flow in the satellite circuit is regulated by a relay. (True. “The control is
a relay actuated by transmissions from ground control” - Line 27)

9. The flashlight circuit differs basically from the satellite circuit. (False. Because
basically, they are the same: have four basic elements, “Although the function of
this circuit is much more complex than that of the flashlight, it too consists of the
four basic elements.” – Line 28)
Exercise D Describing function
When we answer the question, what does X do? We describe the function of X
Example:
What does a fuse? It protects a circuit.
We can emphasize function by using this pattern:
The function of a fuse is to protect a circuit.

Now, identify these components using Appendix 3 if necessary. Explain the function of each
component with the help of this list.
(a) Adds capacitance to a circuit
(b) Rectifies alternating currents
(c) Adds resistance to a circuit
(d) Measures very small currents
(e) Breaks a circuit
(f) Protects a circuit
(g) Varies the current in a circuit
(h) Transforms AC Voltage
(i) Receive RF signals
(j) Selects a frequency

Answers:
1. Question : What does a resistor?
Answer : It adds resistance to a circuit.
The function of a resistor is to adds
resistance to a circuit

2. Question : What does a capacitor?

Answer : It adds capacitance to a circuit.
The function of a capacitor is to adds
capacitance to a circuit.

3. Question : What does a potentiometer?

Answer : It varies the current in a circuit.
The function of a potentiometer is to
vary the current in a circuit.

4. Question : What does a variable capacitor?

 Answer : It selects a frequency.
The function of a variable capacitor is
to select a frequency.

5. Question : What does a trans formator?

Answer : It transforms AC Voltage.
The function of a trans formator is to
transforms AC Voltage.

6. Question : What does a fuse?

Answer : It protects a circuit.
The function of a fuse is to protect a
circuit.

7. Q u e s t i o n
Answer: It Breaks a circuit.
The function of a circuit breaker is to
breaks a circuit.

8. Q u e s t i o n
Answer : It measures very small currents.
The function of a milliammeter is to
measures a very small current.

9. Q u e s t i o n
Answer : It rectifies alternating currents.
The function of a diode is to rectify
alternating currents

10. Q u e s t i o n
Answer : It received RF signals.
The function of an antenna is to
receive RF signals.

Exercise E Describing Purpose

When we answer the question What is X for? We describe the purpose of X.
Example
What is an ammeter for? It is for measuring current.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of an ammeter are:
1. It is used for measuring current.
2. It is used to measure current.
3. We measure current with an ammeter.
4. We measure current using an ammeter.
Now describe the purpose of these instruments and tools using any of the structures presented
above.
1. A voltmeter
2. A soldering iron
3. A milliammeter
4. An oscilloscope
5. A heat sinks
6. Wire-clippers
7. A megohmmeter
8. An ohmmeter
9. A signal generator
10. A battery charger
Answers:
1. A voltmeter
What is a voltmeter for? It is for measuring the potential difference, or voltage,
between two points in an electrical or electronic circuit.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of a voltmeter are:
1. It is used for measuring the potential difference, or voltage, between two
points in an electrical or electronic circuit.
2. It is used to measure the potential difference, or voltage, between two points in
an electrical or electronic circuit.
3. We measure the potential difference, or voltage, between two points in an
electrical or electronic circuit. with a voltmeter.
4. We measure the potential difference, or voltage, between two points in an
electrical or electronic circuit using a voltmeter.

2. A soldering iron
 What is a soldering iron for? It is for melting the solder so that it can flow into the
joint between two workpieces.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of soldering iron are:
1. It is used for melting the solder so that it can flow into the joint between two
workpieces.
2. It is used to melt the solder so that it can flow into the joint between two
workpieces.
3. We melt the solder so that it can flow into the joint between two workpieces
with a soldering iron.
4. We melt the solder so that it can flow into the joint between two workpieces
using a soldering iron.

3. A milliammeter
What is a milliammeter for? It is for measuring small electric currents.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of a milliammeter are:
1. It is used for measuring small electric currents.
2. It is used to measure small electric currents.
3. We measure small electric currents with a milliammeter.
4. We measure small electric currents using a milliammeter.

4. An oscilloscope
What is an oscilloscope for? It is for displaying a waveform.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of a milliammeter are:
1. It is used for displaying a waveform.
2. It is used to display a waveform.
3. We display a waveform with an oscilloscope.
4. We display a waveform using an oscilloscope.

5. A heat sinks
What is a heat sink for? It is for transferring the heat generated by an electronic or a
mechanical device to a fluid medium.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of a milliammeter are:
1. It is used for transferring the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical
device to a fluid medium.
2. It is used to transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device
to a fluid medium.
3. We transfer the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid
medium with a heat sink.
4. We transfer the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid
medium using a heat sink.

6. Wire-Clippers
 What is a wire-clippers for? It is for cutting of the wire.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of a wire-clippers are:
1. It is used for cutting off the wire.
2. It is used to cut off the wire.
3. We cut off the wire with a wire-clippers.
4. We cut off the wire using a wire-clippers.

7. A megohmmeter
What is a megohmmeter for? It is for measuring a very high resistance.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of a megohmmeter are:
1. It is used for measuring a very high resistance.
2. It is used to measure very high resistance.
3. We measure a very high resistance with a megohmmeter.
4. We measure a very high resistance using a megohmmeter.

8. An ohmmeter
What is an ohmmeter for? It is for measuring electrical resistance.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of an ohmmeter are:
1. It is used for measuring electrical resistance.
2. It is used to measure electrical resistance.
3. We measure electrical resistance with an ohmmeter.
4. We measure electrical resistance using an ohmmeter.

9. A signal generator
What is a signal generator? It is for generating a signal for testing purposes.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of an ohmmeter are:
1. It is used for generating signals for testing purposes.
2. It is used to generate a signal for testing purposes.
3. We generate a signal for testing purposes with a signal generator.
4. We generate a signal for testing purposes using a signal generator.

10. A battery charger

What is a battery charger for? It is for putting energy into a secondary cell or
rechargeable battery.
Other ways we can describe the purpose of an ohmmeter are:
1. It is used for putting energy into a secondary cell or rechargeable battery.
2. It is used to put energy into a secondary cell or rechargeable battery.
3. We put energy into a secondary cell or rechargeable battery with a battery
charger.
4. We put energy into a secondary cell or rechargeable battery using a battery
charger.

Exercise F Describing means

 Study the diagram, it shows the controls of an oscilloscope. Some of those have been
numbered.

Study this information about focus control:

Control Function Means
7 FOCUS Focuses the Varies the potential
electron lens on the anode

Using the information, we can answer three questions:

1. What does focus control do?
2. What is the focus control for?
3. How does the focus control work?

Question 1 is about function. As you have seen, we can answer it like this:
The focus control focuses on the electron lens.

Question 2 is about purpose. We can answer it like this:

The focus control is for focusing the electron lens.

Question 3 is about means. It asks for an explanation of how the focus control works.
We can answer it in this way:
The focus control focuses the electron lens by varying the potential on the anode.

Or we can say:
The focus control varies the potential on the anode, thereby focusing the electron lens.

Now ask and answer questions about the function, purpose, and means of the
operation of the controls listed in this table.

No Control Function Means

1 BRIGHTNESS Varies the intensity of Varies the negative potential
the beam on the grid
2 X SHIFT Moves the trace along Alters the biasing of the X
the X-axis amplifier
3 Y SHIFT Moves the trace along Alters the biasing of the Y
the Y-axis amplifier
4 COARSE FREQUENCY Selects the approximate Selects a capacitor in the
time base frequency time base oscillator
5 FINE FREQUENCY Adjusts the time base Varies a resistor in the time
frequency base oscillator
6 Y GAIN Controls the signal Alters the gain of the Y
amplification amplifier

Answers:
1. Brightness
Questions:
1. What does the brightness control do?
2. What is the brightness control for?
3. How does the brightness control work?
Answers:
1. The brightness control varies the intensity of the beam.
2. The brightness control is for varying the intensity of the beam.
3. The brightness control varies the intensity of the beam by varying the
negative potential on the grid.

2. X shift
Questions:
1. What does the X shift control do?
2. What is the X shift control for?
3. How does the X shift control work?
Answers:
1. The X shift control moves the trace along the X-axis.
2. The X shift control is for moving the trace along the X-axis.
3. The X shift control moves the trace along the X-axis by alters the biasing
of the X amplifier.

3. Y shift
Questions:
1. What does the Y shift control do?
2. What is the Y shift control for?
3. How does the Y shift control work?
Answers:
1. The Y shift control moves the trace along the Y-axis.
2. The Y shift control is for moving the trace along the Y-axis.
3. The Y shift control moves the trace along the Y-axis by alters the biasing
of the Y amplifier.
4. Coarse frequency
 Questions:
1. What does the coarse frequency control do?
2. What is the coarse frequency control for?
3. How does the coarse frequency control work?
Answers:
1. The coarse frequency control selects the approximate time base frequency.
2. The coarse frequency control is for selecting the approximate time base
frequency.
3. The coarse frequency control selects the approximate time base frequency
by selects a capacitor in the time base oscillator.

5. Fine frequency
Questions:
1. What does the fine frequency control do?
2. What is the fine frequency control for?
3. How does the fine frequency control work?
Answers:
1. The fine frequency control adjusts the time base frequency.
2. The fine frequency control is for adjusting the time base frequency.
3. The fine frequency control adjusts the time base frequency by varies a
resistor in the time base oscillator.

6. Y gain
Questions:
1. What does the Y gain control do?
2. What is the Y gain control for?
3. How does the Y gain control work?
Answers:
1. The Y gain controls the signal amplification.
2. The Y gain control is for controlling the signal amplification.
3. The Y gain control of the signal amplification by alters the gain of the Y
amplifier.
 Exercise G Explaining controls
Explain the controls of any other piece of equipment you are familiar with, e.g.:
a multimeter, a transmitter, a receiver.

Answers:
A multimeter

No Control Function Means

1 Range selector knob Select the function Rotate the knob to the
desired desired function label
2 Zero-ohm adjustment knob Adjust the 0 reading on Rotate the knob to scale 0
ohmmeter functions
3 Scales Read the value of a Use the probe to show the
quantity value
4 Reset Protect the meter Cut off the circuit whenever
movement the current jumps above a
safe level

1. Range selector knob

Questions:
1. What does the range selector knob control do?
2. What is the range selector knob control for?
3. How does the range selector knob control work?
Answers:
1. The range selector knob control selects the function desired.
2. The range selector knob control is for selecting the function desired.
3. The range selector knob control selects the function desired by rotating the
knob to the desired function label

2. Zero-ohm adjustment knob

Questions:
1. What does the zero-ohm adjustment knob control do?
2. What is the zero-ohm adjustment knob control for?
3. How does the zero-ohm adjustment knob control work?
Answers:
1. The zero-ohm adjustment knob control adjust the 0 reading on ohmmeter
functions.
2. The zero-ohm adjustment knob control is for adjusting the 0 reading on
ohmmeter functions.
3. The zero-ohm adjustment knob control adjust the 0 reading on ohmmeter
by rotating the knob to scale 0.
3. Scales
Questions:
1. What does scales control do?
2. What is the scales control for?
3. How does the scales control work?
Answers:
1. The scales control read the value of a quantity.
2. The scales control is for reading the value of a quantity.
3. The scales control read the value of a quantity by using the probe to show
the value.

4. Reset
Questions:
1. What does the reset control do?
2. What is the reset control for?
3. How does the reset control work?
Answers:
1. The reset control protects the meter movement.
2. The reset control is for protecting the meter movement.
3. The reset control protects the meter movement by cutting off the circuit
whenever the current jumps above a safe level

Exercise H Relatives clause 2: making definitions

Answers:
1. A generator is an instrument which converts mechanical energy into electrical
energy.
2. An insulator is a material which does not readily release electrons.
3. An alternating current is a current which flows first one direction, then in the
other.
4. A direct current is a current which flows in one direction only.
5. A resistor is a material which impedes the flow of current in a circuit.
6. A conductor is a material which readily releases electrons.
7. A light meter is a device which measures light.
8. An ammeter is a device which measures current.

Exercise I: Making definitions

Try to write your own definitions of these:
1. A voltmeter
2. An electric motor
3. A receiver
4. A transmitter
5. An electric cell
Answers:
1. A voltmeter
A voltmeter is a device which measures electrical voltage.
2. An electric motor
An electric motor is an instrument which converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy.
3. A receiver
A receiver is a device which receives the signal waves television.
4. A transmitter
A transmitter is a device which sends a measurement signal from a differential
pressure gauge.
5. An electric cell
An electrical cell is device that delivers an electric current as the result of a
chemical reaction.

Exercise J: Relative clause 3: adding information to a passage

Answers:
Relay
Relay is a component electromechanical (statement)
It functions to decide and connect electric current (statement)
It is restricted wear and tear from sparks or oxidation (qualification)
The material doesn’t make from platina, golden or silver (reason)

Relay is a component electromechanical which decides and connects electric current

but It is restricted wear and tear from sparks or oxidation because the material
doesn’t make from platina, golden or silver but it makes from iron.

Exercise L: Giving reasons for qualification

Add an explanation to each of the qualifications you made in Exercise K, using the
information below. Use because or because of (See Unit 1, Exercise K)
1. The resistance of the windings
2. The farad is too large a unit
3. Higher standards of accuracy are needed
4. The very high powers required
5. They do not absorb so much power from the circuit
 Answers:
The resistance of windings. (statement)
The farad is too large a unit. (statement)
Higher standards of accuracy are needed. (qualification)
The very high powers required. (qualification)
They do not absorb so much power from the circuit (reason)
= The resistance of windings because the farad is too large a unit because of higher
standards of accuracy are needed because the very high powers required because of
they don't absorb so much power from the circuit

Exercise M: Term used in electrical engineering and electronics

Study the table of terms in Appendix 2. Then write out the following expressions in full.

1. Electric current is voltage over resistance

2. Capital B is proportional to the capital H
3. Power P equals squared electric current multiply by a resistor is forty watts
4. Voltage V equals electrical charge divided by Coulomb is one point six times ten
to the power of minus three divided by twenty times ten to the power of minus
six is eighty volts
5. Impedance Z equals the root of squared resistor plus open bracket RL in
inductive reactance minus RC in capacitive reactance in bracket squared is three
hundred thirty-three ohms
 6. Voltage V equals I in electric current times one over omega multiply by C in a
capacitor
7. Frequency equals one over two phis multiply C in capacitor multiplied XC in
capacitive reactance is seventy-nine points five hertz
8. Gamma is one over rho
9. relative frequency is one over two phi times LC in inductance and Capacitors in a
bracket to the power of half
10. Voltage over Impedance is I in electric current is VY in capitals

Exercise N: Describing component value

Study this table
Answers:
1. R 4 = A twenty-two-ohm resistor
2. R 9 = A one hundred-twenty-two-ohm resistor
3. C 5 = A fifteen nano farads capacitor
4. C 1 = A two point two microfarads electrolytic capacitor
5. F 1 = A one point twenty-five ampere
6. L 1 = A one point four millihenry inductance
7. R L = A four or two-ohm resistor
8. R 8 = A one-hundred-ohm resistor

IV Guided Writing
Stage 1: Sentence Building
Join the following group of sentences to make ten longer sentences. Use the words
printed in the italics above each group. You may omit words and make whatever changes
you think are necessary in the word order and punctuation of the sentences.
1. Which
A resistor is a device
A resistor is used to add resistance to a circuit
Answer: A resistor is a device which used to add resistance to a circuit.
2. Both
Many types of resistors are made
Fixed and variable resistor are made
Answer: Many types of resistors both fixed and variable resistors are made.
3. Either ... or
Most resistors are made from two materials
Resistance wire and compressed graphite are used
Answer: Most resistors are made and used from two material either resistance wire or
compressed graphite.

4. Such as, which

Wire wound resistors consist of a coil of resistance wire
Nichrome is a resistance wire
The resistance wire is wound on a former
Answer: Wire wound resistors consist of a coil of resistance wire such as Nichrome
which wound on a former.

5. To
A ceramic coating is applied over the winding
The ceramic coating insulates the winding
Answer: A ceramic coating is applied over the winding to insulates the winding.

6. For example
For small currents, carbon resistors are used
Small currents are usual in radio work
Answer: For small currents, carbon resistors are used for example in radio work.

7. Which
Carbon resistors are made of compressed graphite
The graphite is formed into small tubes
Answer: Carbon resistors are made of compressed graphite which formed into small
tubes.

8. Which
Connections are made with wires
The wires are attached to the ends of the resistor
Answer: Connection are made with wires which attached to the ends of resistor.
9. Either … or
Variable resistors may have a coil of resistance wire
Variable resistors may have a carbon track
Answer: Variable resistor may have either a coil of resistance wire or a carbon track.

10. So that
The wire or track is mounted
A sliding contact can rub over it to select the resistance required
Answer: The wire or track is mounted so that a sliding contact can rub over it to
select the resistance required.