3.2 Viscous Flow at High Reynolds Numbers
3.2 Viscous Flow at High Reynolds Numbers
3.2 Viscous Flow at High Reynolds Numbers
3-2Hi-Re-bl.tex
u ux ∼ ν uyy
U2 U
∼ ν 2
L δ
Therefore,
δ ∼ (νL/U )1/2 (3.2.4)
and 1/2
δ ν
∼ = Re1/2 . (3.2.5)
L UL
Shear stress on the awall :
s
τ0 ∂u U U
=ν =ν ∼ νU
ρ ∂y 0 δ νL
2
For water ν = 10−5 ft2 /sec. Let U = 1 ft/sec L = 1 ft, then Re = 105 . Hence,
!
δ 1 1
O ∝ √ ∼ 10−2 (δ ∼ 0.003 ft)
L Re 3
and
CD ∼ 0.003.
Experiments for flat plates (Schlichting, p. 133) show that: CD ∼ 0.002, but experiments
for a circular cylinder show that CD ≈ 0(1) because flow is separated for most Re .
ux + v y = 0 (3.2.15)
1
uux + vuy = − px + νuyy (3.2.16)
ρ
The pressure is constant across the boundary layer and must be the same as the pressure
just outside. In the inviscid outer flow
1
U Ux + V U y = − px . (3.2.17)
ρ
Since V = 0 on the wall, px = −ρU Ux . Hence, inside the boundary layer:
This is the classical boundary layer approximation for high Re flows, due to Prandtl
(1905).