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    Ukraine

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    Олінька Стецюк
    Ukrainian painting evolved over centuries, from religious icons influenced by Byzantine and Western styles to portraits and secular themes in the 15th-17th centuries. In the 19th century, landscape painting emerged as a genre influenced by romanticism. Taras Shevchenko was a prominent Ukrainian painter who focused on portraits, landscapes of Ukraine, and genre scenes depicting Ukrainian life. In the early 20th century, avant-garde styles like suprematism and cubism were introduced by Ukrainian artists before social realism became the dominant style under Soviet rule, featuring portraits and idealized scenes of workers and peasants. Post-Soviet Ukrainian artists now work in a variety of styles.

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    Ukraine

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    Олінька Стецюк
    40 views2 pages
    Ukrainian painting evolved over centuries, from religious icons influenced by Byzantine and Western styles to portraits and secular themes in the 15th-17th centuries. In the 19th century, landscape painting emerged as a genre influenced by romanticism. Taras Shevchenko was a prominent Ukrainian painter who focused on portraits, landscapes of Ukraine, and genre scenes depicting Ukrainian life. In the early 20th century, avant-garde styles like suprematism and cubism were introduced by Ukrainian artists before social realism became the dominant style under Soviet rule, featuring portraits and idealized scenes of workers and peasants. Post-Soviet Ukrainian artists now work in a variety of styles.

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    Ukrainian painting evolved over centuries, from religious icons influenced by Byzantine and Western styles to portraits and secular themes in the 15th-17th centuries. In the 19th century, landscape painting emerged as a genre influenced by romanticism. Taras Shevchenko was a prominent Ukrainian painter who focused on portraits, landscapes of Ukraine, and genre scenes depicting Ukrainian life. In the early 20th century, avant-garde styles like suprematism and cubism were introduced by Ukrainian artists before social realism became the dominant style under Soviet rule, featuring portraits and idealized scenes of workers and peasants. Post-Soviet Ukrainian artists now work in a variety of styles.

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    40 views2 pages

    Ukraine

    Uploaded by

    Олінька Стецюк
    Ukrainian painting evolved over centuries, from religious icons influenced by Byzantine and Western styles to portraits and secular themes in the 15th-17th centuries. In the 19th century, landscape painting emerged as a genre influenced by romanticism. Taras Shevchenko was a prominent Ukrainian painter who focused on portraits, landscapes of Ukraine, and genre scenes depicting Ukrainian life. In the early 20th century, avant-garde styles like suprematism and cubism were introduced by Ukrainian artists before social realism became the dominant style under Soviet rule, featuring portraits and idealized scenes of workers and peasants. Post-Soviet Ukrainian artists now work in a variety of styles.

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    Painting in Ukraine

    In the 15th and 16th centuries there emerged a Galician school of icon painting, in
    which adherence to Byzantine iconography was tempered by personal interpretations,
    individual variations, and Western influences. During the Renaissance icons
    gradually lost their rigidity and became more realistic. The 17th century introduced
    secular themes, three-dimensional forms and movement in icons.

    In Ukraine portrait painting as a separate genre emerged during the Renaissance


    and was strongly influenced by the icon tradition. The first portraits were those of
    benefactors which were hung in churches. Portraits which were not used for religious
    purposes did not emerge until the 17th century. They included official portrayals of
    nobles and Cossack hetmans and officers, as well as more intimate portraits of nobles
    and townspeople.

    Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg was established in 1757 and it attracted


    Ukrainian artists greatly. Among those who continued to pursue their careers in
    Ukraine was Taras Shevchenko (1814-1861). He devoted most of his painting to
    Ukrainian interests. All the works executed by him can be divided into three groups:
    portraits and self-portraits, landscape paintings of Ukraine, Kazakhstan, the Aral Sea,
    and genre compositions. Shevchenko’s professional skills, a faithful depiction of the
    model combined with deep penetration into man’s inner world are characteristic
    features of Shevchenko’s water colour portraits (“Portrait of an Unknown”, “Portrait
    of N. Lunin”, “Portrait of M. Sokolovsky”, “Katya, the Kazakh girl”). Genre
    compositions “Kateryna” and “Gypsy Fortune-Teller” (the latter was awarded a silver
    medal by the Academy of Arts) were cast by his own poems.

    During the 19th century landscape painting appeared as a separate genre and not
    only in the works of T. Shevchenko. Inspired by romanticism I. Sochenko, A
    .Kuindzhi, and S. Vasylkivsky recorded the pastoral setting of rural scenery while I.
    Aivasovsky devoted his efforts to depicting the beauty of the sea.

    The creative work of the prominent Ukrainian artist of the late 19th – early 20th
    centuries, Mykola Pimonenko (1862-1912) occupies a place of note in Ukrainian
    genre painting. A number of M. Pimonenko’s paintings are generalized portraits
    which embody a popular ideal of a working man (“A Young Woman”, “A Reaper”).
    The artist also turned to the theme of peasant labour depicting typical themes from
    everyday life against the backdrop of a landscape (“Harvest-Time”, “A Ploughman”,
    “Haymaking in Ukraine”).

    The 20th century avant-garde movement had a direct impact on Ukrainian


    painting. Artists born in Ukraine as well as those who considered themselves
    Ukrainian by nationality were in its vanguard. The most prominent of them were K.
    Malevich, A. Ekster, V. Tatlin who introduced suprematism, futurism and cubism into
    Ukrainian painting. But in the 1930s avant-garde movement came to a halt with
    introduction of social realism as the only artistic method permitted by the communist
    regime. Paintings were limited to portraits of leaders and genre compositions of
    happy workers and peasants.

    Among those who joined social realism but added much of their own were
    Kateryna Bilokur and Tetyana Yablonska. Kateryna Bilokur (1900-1961) is a highly
    original Ukrainian folk artist. Her beautiful pictures of the colourful Ukrainian nature
    are a significant landmark in the history of Ukrainian folk art. Bilokur’s first works
    were amateurish. They were the portraits of her relatives and villagers executed with
    charcoal and self-made vegetable paints. Then she took to drawing still lives and
    flower pieces. Skill of selecting subject matter, vitality, fanciful composition and
    harmony of colours are characteristics of these pictures and have become the main
    features of all the work of the artist. Such original works as “Apples and Tomatoes”,
    “Breakfast”, “Watermelon, Carrots and Flowers”, “Flowers and Grapes” are
    distinguished for their freshness and verve.

    The famous Ukrainian painter Tetyana Yablonska (1917-2005) established herself


    as an original and outstanding artist. She became the leader of many young Ukrainian
    artists in pursuit of new styles and it is this thirst for novel imaginary and plastic
    means which makes her work fresh and consistent with time. Yablonska’s artistic
    manner was evident even in the sketches such as “Woman with a Yoke” and
    “Milkmaid” as well as in the unfinished canvas “Wedding On the Collective Farm”.
    The year 1949 saw the appearance of Yablonska’s renowned canvas “Grain” which
    made her famous as a first-grade painter and proved a milestone in the Soviet visual
    art. The topics of her work embrace various subjects: peace and work, the happiness
    of motherhood, the wisdom of old people, Man with his sorrows and joys. Half a
    century ago Yablonska’s pictures catapulted her to worldwide fame. Critics still like
    to draw literary parallels to her pictures. For example, they called “Bread” “the novel
    of a picture,” while the canvas “Morning”, showing a girl against the backdrop of an
    open window, is associated with a “poem,” and “A People’s Poem”, which depicts
    life in the Ukrainian countryside, is “a people’s epic.” Her pictures resemble haiku.
    Like Japanese miniatures, her canvases show an event which occurs in nature and is
    valuable in itself, for example, wandering clouds or a sunset as a sign of an immortal
    life and eternity.
    Nowadays Ukrainian artists are free to follow any style of painting and we can
    observe a mixture of different styles in their works.

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