Panels For Wrapping Structures On Piping System

Name : Shaktivell a/l M.
Letchumanan
Matrix Number : HD190062
Proposal Title : Configuration and Optimization of Carbon Fibre Sandwich
Panels for Wrapping Structures on Piping System
Question A
For the proposal prepared for this course assignment, please specify by changing the font
color in your proposal the following elements:
1. Summarize and synthesize (yellow color)
2. Analyze and interpret (blue color)
3. Critically evaluate (red color)
Answer (Proposal’s Literature Review)

1.1 Composite Wrapping on pipeline
To protect pipes from impact, abrasion and corrosion, a variety of method are used
and one of it is the composite wrapping [3]. This composite wrapping method are
gaining popularity and acceptance around the globe whereby this method and
procedure are guided international engineering standards and provide an engineered,
proven and durable solution to non-metallic repair works. [4]
1.2 Defects on pipe system
A defect is considered an elementary form of failure in pipes that could fail a safety
system. When the presence of defect is detected, normally the pipe system is restored to
its original design configuration through repairs [5]. Since the wrapping method is
applied for external surface of the pipe system, only the external defects are considered
in this case. Oxidation in other words corrosion, that occurs on the steel pipe results in
metal loss in the pipe. This will eventually cause the steel pipe to loss in strength
gradually [6].
External pipe surface interaction with soil, air or water are the acknowledged as the
external environment. The right choice to prevent the existing defects which will lead to
leakage can be avoided by wrapping the whole leaked pipeline section. This is to
maintain the continuous product flow through the pipeline system. Various pipe leakage
detection methods can be used for which comprises the exterior, visual and interior scopes.
Relatively among them, infrared thermography will be significant to be used in this research.
Therefore, as mentioned earlier since the pipelines are extremely long-serving and
critical infrastructure it is very important to protect this structure from all sorts of
defects.
1.3 Composite wrapping material
In general, there are four types of composites which are known as the particulate
composite, flake composite, fibre reinforced composite and laminated composite [7, 8].
One of the key benefits is that it could wrap while the pipeline is still in-service as the
pressure does not have to be raised or lowered to make the repair [4]. All this general
benefits had made the composite to be chosen and in particular, the carbon fibre which
is under the fibre-reinforced composite category was selected as the wrapping material
for this research [9].
This carbon fibre reinforced polymer has various advantages and disadvantages
where it is very much needed to be discussed as to make sure its characteristics are
compatible to the requirements to be used as wrapping material in pipeline system [10].
Comparatively the carbon fibre reinforced polymer is lightweight, has high tensile
strength, low thermal expansion, exceptional durability, corrosion resistance,
radiolucency, electrical conductivity, ultra-violet resistant disregards of its
disadvantages where this material will break or shatter when it is compressed and its
relative cost due to high quality material usage. [11, 12, 13].
1.4 Non-destructive testing (NDT)

NDT techniques employ mechanical, chemical and response, on the basis that an
internal anomaly will effect a change in the returned signal [3]. Composites are
susceptible to defects, impact damage, moisture absorption, and variability in material
properties [14]. It is often required to produce evidence through NDT methods to
establish the integrity of the structure with repeatability of manufacturing processes to
ensure design stipulated strength, stiffness, thickness, variation and material
homogeneity.
Since Infrared Thermography can be used to detect the porosity, moisture,
delamination, density variation this method suits the requirement to test the wrapping
structure on the pipping system with composite. This is due to our main focus which is
to wrap. Basically, we wrap a leakage to ensure that the problem faced earlier would not be
repeated. The benefits of Infrared Thermography testing include extended equipment
life, decreased unscheduled shutdowns, reduces risk of equipment failure and increased
performance. [16]
1.5 Reliability Assessment of a Defective Pipeline Segment Using Monte-Carlo (MC)

Simulation Method
In order to avoid pipeline failures due to actively through defects, it is important to be
able to determine the probability of failure-free operation (reliability) of the pipeline system
over a given period, taking into account its actual degree of defectiveness. The pipeline limit
condition occurs when the burst strain, known to be as the random variable, reaches an
unacceptable level, or when the defect size, also the random variable, exceeds the
predetermined limit value. [1, 16].
Apparently, all current reliability methods may be categorized on the basis of random
variables and random functions. Among the latter, the most common reliability method is
the Monte Carlo universal computer simulation method, which has so far been the only
method that could be used to generate the benchmark reliability numbers required to
compare the results generated by other reliability methods [17]. It should also be noted
that, to date, there have been no methods that would give a perfectly reasonable
likelihood of failure assessments.
1.6 Existing Pipeline Wrapping

The lamination of leaked pipe already exists in various industry. This includes primer,
inner wrap, outer wrap, plastic rock shield and hand wrapping tape. Specifically, the primer
shall be a fast-drying compound, compatible with the laminated tape suitably
compound to produce a liquid coating material that can be readily applied cold by
brushing or spraying to produce an effective bond between the bare pipe surface and
the subsequent coat of laminated tape. Inner wrap, shall have a backing of stabilized
polyethylene and a primer activated adhesive mass of butyl rubber while outer wrap
shall be polyethylene plastic tape suitable for machine application over the inner wrap.
It shall give protection against mechanical damage over inner wrap during pipe
lowering-in and back-fill operations. Plastic rock shield shall consist of a matrix of
spaced ribs of high-density polyethylene with good impact resistance. It shall be
resistant to shock, fungi, natural and artificial agents contained in soil. On the other
hand, laminated plastic tape shall have a backing of highly flexible polyethylene and a
mass of primer activated coat of butyl rubber [18]. Hand lay-up technique in other
words hand wrapping method is appropriate as its meets the research requirement.
Question B
Please state your main research issue (S.P.A.M) in a page
Answer (Based on tittle)
Title: Configuration and Optimization of Carbon Fibre Sandwich Panels for Wrapping
Structures on Piping System
S.P.A.M
S System The system that involved in this research is mainly on pipeline

system.
P Problems Corrosion, metal loss, leakages are the main problems of the pipeline
system that should be countered.
A Achievemen The lifespan, durability, reliability and strength of the corroded
t pipeline system will be restored with proper composite wrapping
technique which will be considered as an achievement of this
research.
M Method The following methods will give a clear steps to achieve the
research’s objective:
1) The leakages and the corrosion of the pipeline system should
be identified through non-destructive testing (NDT).
2) The effected pipe section should be wrapped with carbon fibre
with proper technique.
3) Again the NDT will be used to compare before and after to
development on the pipeline condition.
4) The lifespan, durability, reliability, strength is validated
through Monte Carlo Simulation.

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Name : Shaktivell a/l M.

Answer (Proposal’s Literature Review)

1.4 Non-destructive testing (NDT)

1.5 Reliability Assessment of a Defective Pipeline Segment Using Monte-Carlo (MC)

1.6 Existing Pipeline Wrapping

Please state your main research issue (S.P.A.M) in a page

Answer (Based on tittle)

S System The system that involved in this research is mainly on pipeline

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