BACHELOR OF MANAGEMENT WITH HONOURS (BIM)

JANUARY 2020 SEMESTER

OUMH1603

LEARNING SKILLS FOR 21ST CENTURY

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

Content M/S

1.0 Introduction 1

2.0 Part A 2
Marine Pollution

3.0 Part B
Video Based On 3 Key Conceptual Dimension Of GCED 4
Video Based On Marine Pollution 6

4.0 Part C
Benefits Of 3 Key Conceptual Dimension Of Gced In Resolving Marine 8
Pollution
Suggestions To Resolve Marine Pollution. 9

5.0 Conclusion 11

6.0 Self Reflection 12

7.0 Reference 13

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INTRODUCTION

The environment is very important to humans because it provides oxygen, food,

water, shelter, and more. Environment include lands, forests, mountains, hills, rivers, lakes,
and oceans. It is the responsibility of the human to care for the environment. The term
"environment" essentially refers to the atmosphere or condition in which the activities or
activities are carried out. Therefore, environmental issues are best described as activities
carried out which affect the environment. In the 21st century, the environmental issue is
being major concern of what the world faces today. There are two factors that causes
pollution on earth which is natural factors and human factors. Natural factors is natural
disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruption, landslides which causes people to be
dead and need high cost to move elsewhere. Human factor is caused by irresponsible human
activities agains environment. It affects everybody who is not only on human on earth, but
also the species of animals on earth. For example, air need to be free from air pollution for
humans, animals and plants to breathe because air pollution will cause breathing problem and
attack the respiration system of each organism on earth. Clean water also important for our
life. The sea water which is polluted by factory waste and mining area damages the aquatic
organisms and causing death. This task will discuss on how GCED will benefit the
community in resolving environmental issues. The main objective of this essay is to provide
readers a clearer understanding of how important to understand and participate more actively
in managing the environmental issues that we are facing. Furthermore, it offers a clearer
understanding of the benefits of CGED as a platform for society especially in addressing
environmental issues.

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PART A - MARINE POLLUTION

Pollution can be defined as any form of contamination in an ecosystem with a

harmful impact upon the organisms in this ecosystem, by changing the growth rate and the
reproduction of plant or animal species, or by interfering with human amenities, comfort,
health, or property values. In a broader sense, the terms contamination and pollution also
include any physical modification that alters the energy or radiation flow in an environment
(such as a heat source or a radioactive elements), or even the presence of an invasive species
(Geert, 2013). Hence, marine pollution is a combination of chemicals and trash, most of
which comes from land sources and is washed or blown into the ocean. This pollution results
in damage to the environment, to the health of all organisms on earth, and to economic
structures worldwide.

Picture 1: Factors influencing the growth of algal blooms

In today’s world, marine pollution is a growing problem. There are several factors
that causing marine pollutionn in the world. For example, sewage, industrial waste, oils spills
from ships, farm runoff, air pollutants, maritime transportation and litter. The main cause of
marine pollution are chemical waste and plastic trash. Chemical waste or nutrient pollution is
a problem for health, environmental and economic reasons. This form of waste happens when
human activities in particular use of fertilizers on farms, which cause chemical substances to
run out into waters that ultimately enter the sea. The increased concentration in ocean of
chemicals such as nitrogen and phosporus promotes the growth of algal blooms which are

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toxic to wildlife and harmful to people. The negative impacts of algal blooms on health and
environment have affected local fishing, tourism, swimming and etc.

Marine trash covers most of the plastic items that end up in ocean water . Common
types of marine trash include various plastic items such as shopping bags, bottles, cigaratte
butts, botlle caps. food container and wrappers, fishing net and etc. Plastic pollution is
problamatic as a pollutant because it is longlasting and it takes hundreds of years to
decompose. Plastic trashes are very dangerous to both human and animals. Fish get tangled
and injured in the trash and some animals unfortunately mistake the plastic items for foods
and eat them. It will cause absorbtion of chemicals from the plastic into their tissues.

Picture 2 : Plastic items eaten by fish in ocean

When small species that consume microplastic are eaten by larger animals then, the
toxic of chemicals becomes part of their tissues. In this way, plastic waste is spreading
through the food chain, gradullat becoming part of thr food that humans consume. This shows
us the ocean has become a waste disposal bin to humans. Sea pollution is a very big loss to
the world because approximately 80% of earth is covered with water (ocean). If this pollution
continues, what will happen to our planet? For this awareness, I choose marine pollution as
title to discuss for this task.

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PART B - VIDEO

VIDEO BASED ON 3 KEY CONCEPTUAL DIMENSIONS

Video 1: 3 Key conceptual dimension

Source : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1GpIUoRoKCo

Video above, describing the meaning of GCED and its main 3 key conceptual
dimension. It also explain about the effects of 3 key conceptual dimension to all-world
citizens to ensure universal sustainability. According to Ban Ki-moon, UN Secretary-
General, GCED is an education that gives us a profound understanding that we are tied to
together a s citizens of the global community, and that our challenges are interconnected. It is
a concept for all people to know that we are all responsible to take care the world. We sould
take care the world as shown below:-

 We need to take care of each other

 It doesn’t matter where we’re from or what race beacuse we're all human

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  Be kind and support or help those people in needs
 Environmental precaution must be taken
 Do not pollute the environment

To acquire knowledge, understanding and critical thinking

about global, regional, national and local issues and the
Cognitive
interconnectedness and interdependency of
differentountries and populations.

To have a sense of belonging to a common humanity,

Socio-emotional sharing values and responsibilities,empathy, solidarity and
respect for differences and diversity.

To act effectively and responsibly at local, national and

Behavioural
global levels for a morepeaceful and sustainable world.

Source : UNESCO (2015)

Global citizenship education have three core conceptual dimensions, which are
common to various definitions and interpretations of global citizenship education. Cognitive
is to have knowledge of what's going on in this world in terms of the environment and
everything. Socio-emotional is to recognise the empathy in others, and it must be develop
within us. Therefore to do this, we have to be open to respect other people’s beliefs,
differences and diversity. When that is recognized, unity and respect would be easier to
instill. Finally behavioural is where actions are taken responsibly to conduct, perform or
engage practically in making the world a better place, whether locally or globally.

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VIDEO BASED ON MARINE POLLUTION

Video 1: Marine Pollution

Source : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bvh4YRg_Kq4

Video above describing the meaning of marine pollution, causes and effects of marine
pollution. It also stated the way to overcome the marine pollution in the world. Marine
pollution occurs when potentially harmful things enter into oceans which degrade the water
quality and leave harmful impacts on marine ecosystem. Marine pollution occurs when
potentially harmful things enter oceans that damage water quality and leave bad effects on
marine habitats. There are many causes of marine pollutions such as industrial waste and
sewage, litter, farm runoff, oil spills, air pollutants and maritime transportation.

Bsed on video industrial waste and sewage are two main responsible factor that
causing marine pollution. Industrial waste is a waste that generated by manufacturing or

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industrial processes that enters into oceans. Its divided into hazardous and non-hazardous
waste. Products such as cleaning fluids, paints or pesticides can be categorized as hazardous
waste. Its very dangerous to marine ecosystem. Moreover , oils spills from marine
transporatation also effects the marine habitats by floating on the water and blocks the
oxygen. Air pollution cause by factory smoke also effect the marine ecosystem by releasing
the carbon dioxide gases. Its not only effects animals but humans too. It is because of we
consuming seafoods.

Below shows some steps to protect our marine environment based on video above:-

 We nee to use fewer plactic products in our daily life

 We should properly dispose waste products
 We should not litter in beaches
 We should support the both government and private organizations to protect the
oceans from harmful pollutants.

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PART C – 3 KEY CONCEPTUAL DIMENSIONS OF GCED BRINGS BENEFIT THE
SOCIETY TO RESOLVE THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE.

Benefits Of 3 Key Conceptual Dimension Of Gced In Resolving Marine Pollution

Malaysia is surrounded by ocean where there are various activites such as petroleum
exploration and water transport. The marine ecosystem is the largest system on the planet in
term of size and in Malaysia, with many islands, coastal areas and seas whose marine
environment is generally rich in marine biodiversity and the beach area in Malaysia is one of
the main contributors into Malaysia Ecotourism. In Malaysian coastal waters, oil and grease,
suspended solids and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are identified as being the main contaminants
of coastal environment. Main contribution to the marine pollution comes from land-based
activities such as wastewater, solid waste, agricultural run-off. Over the years, Malaysia’s
marine environment continues to face serious problem mostly due to the water pollution
(Hayder, 2013). It is important for humans to prevent and control the marine from pollution
to preserve the biodiversity of the earth and to have have a better quality of marine
ecosystem.

Global Citizenship Education or GCED is one of the programs supported by

UNESCO Education. It aims to empower learners becoming proactive contributors in making
the world a better and sustainable place to live in In order to disseminate GCED,
collaborations with an extensive global network that includes other UN-agencies and inter-
governmental organizations are established. Global citizenship education aims to be
transformative, building the knowledge, skills, values and attitudes that learners need to be

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able to contribute to a more inclusive, just and peaceful world. Global citizenship education
applies a lifelong learning perspective, beginning from early childhood and continuing
through all levels of education and into adulthood, requiring both ‘formal and informal
approaches, curricular and extracurricular interventions, and conventional and
unconventional pathways to participation (Hayder, 2013). GCED encourages learners to take
an active part in resolving the interrelated issues of the 21st century locally and globally.
GCED has contributed to environment, but there is still a long way to go to save the earth for
us and future generations.

The three core conceptual dimensions are used and implemented to focus on the
humanistic view of the world. It is now clear that the world in which we live is
interconnected and interrelated. These core concepts help to build a cohesive nation that
recognize unity and diversity. This helps to develop an understanding about other cultures,
build empathy and awareness for problems that concern all. These three conceptual
dimensions are essential and beneficial to society by having adequate knowledge. This is to
ensure that society is educated and critically literate. Starting from here ideals and positive
behaviours are instilled because they are able to see differences in a different viewpoints and
the society is more connected and accepting the diversity. Furthermore, it also encourages the
appropriate behaviour of society to be commited and ethically responsible for achieving the
objectives of handling and resolving the environmental problems such as marine pollution in
our planet.

Suggestions To Resolve Marine Pollution.

Marine trash is one form of marine pollution that can be directly controlled by
individual acts. To limit our personal production of trash, we can follow the reduce, reuse,
and recycle methods. The Honolulu Strategy is a planning framework for the prevention and
management of marine litter and an effort to reduce the ecological, human health, and
economic impacts of marine litter globally. It has a set of three specific goals to reduce
marine litter and linked to each goal is a cohesive set of strategies: Goal A: reduced amount
and impact of land-based litter and solid waste introduced into the marine environment; Goal
B: reduced amount and impact of sea-based sources of marine debris including solid waste,
lost cargo, abandoned, lost or discarded fishing gears (ALDFG), and abandoned vessels
introduced into the sea; and Goal C: reduced amount and impact of accumulated marine
debris on shorelines, in benthic habitats, and in pelagic waters (Lohr, 2017). We can reduce

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our rubbish by recycling paper, glass, cans and some plastics too. We also can compost food
straps and find some ways to reuse some of our rubbish. If we reduce the amount of rubbish
that we make on land, we also can reduce the trashes in the ocean too.

If we go to the beach, balloons, cigarette butts and bits of plastics are very common to
find everywhere. Picking up rubbish is a simle way to reduce litters on our beaches and
oceans. So we may choose to join a beach clean up. If there is any organization around our
area we can join them or we can start by our own. Taking the time to clean up beach litter has
numerous benefits such as we save marine animals, preserve our natural treasures, keep toxic
chemicals out of the water, help the local economy, crete a safer environment, dispose of
waste in the right way and make seafood safer (Tentree Internationl, 2018). Every year, tens
of thousands of people worldwide volunteer for the Sisyphean chore of picking up trash from
beaches. The largest effort is conducted every September by the Ocean Conservancy, which
in 30 years of cleanups has collected 300 million pounds and more than 350 types of items
(Laura parker, 2018). We need to be prepared to see trash already on the beach and if we find
someone else’s trash on the beach be kind, and we should pick it up. Each person can
improve the biodiversity of the ocean by playing their part in keeping the beaches clean.

Malaysia is an UNESCO member, should make use of UNESCO’s efforts and

initiatives to become more involved and adapt to the efforts to be made in this country.
Starting with ensure our students and organization interested GCED. Environmental
awareness education should be added to the school and university syllabus. It will makes
young generations taking environmental issues in their own hands. This will improve and
encourage young society to take care of it at a very young age. It is because they are the one
most at danger when it comes to marine pollution. Involving in these kind of initiatives in an
empowering way will help them to prepare and inculcate such a culture in the years to come.
Moreover, the public awareness and education system is crucial in ensuring that today’s
society understands and reduce the causes and impacts of marine pollution. Forum and
dialogues should be held to lift this issue as a major problem that needs urgents action. To
achieve this, we need to work together and it couldn’t done without interacting effectively.

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CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the marine pollution is a major global problem in the world that has
suffered many species. It is important to think seriously about solving all poluution in the
ocean as it is a place to keep marine habitats alive, and it also considered to be the one of the
most important source for humans. If water is polluted or contaminated, it can directly cause
harmful effects on human health and aquatic animals as well as habitat destruction for marine
organisms. An initiative such as GCED and UNESCO plays an important role in bringing this
globally. It requires to strengthen the scientific, mitigation and adaptation capacities of
countries and communities. Key objectives will be achieved through intersectoral and
interdisciplinary cooperation, coordinated field activities, and networking. Such initiatives
bring together expertise in diverse areas ranging from science and technology to agriculture,
transport, forestry, educators and academics to address both mitigation and adaptation on
marine pollution. From now onwards, human have t think about the importance of marine life
in the world and start believing that we will keep the ocean survive in the world. Hopefully,
in the future we will have more and more species in the future to sustain the richness os
biodiversity in the oean. Its supposed to be our priority.

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SELF REFLECTION

In this assignment, students were asked to use the skills gained in this subject to
explained how Global Citizenship Education benefits society in resolving environmental
issues. The environmental issue that I choose was the marine pollution. I learned a few things
when I was doing this assignment. First of all, I have learned about the importance of
protecting the environment specifically about the ocean. It is very important to human
survival and as a source of safe drinking water. I also learned that 21 st century learning skills
are necessary to ensure that we as learners are able to keep up with the latest learning trends
and succeed in mastering the learning. I also have learned GCED contribute many benefits to
our community in resolving environmental issues. The 3 key conceptual dimension of GCED
also plays a big role in community to create a ethical values among us. Therefore I am quite
happy to have the oppurtunity to learn about this subject. However, there are some weakness
in completing this assignmnet. Firstly, its really quite confusing for me to find source for
explaining GCED. So I realize that I need to have better understanding of GCED. I go
through many websites to make it understand about GCED and its 3 key conceptual
dimension. This helps me a lot to improve my understanding of GCED and deepen my
knowledge of GCED which is very useful for 21st century learning skills.

(2944 words)

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REFERENCE

Geert. (2013). Marine Pollution. Retrived from

http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/elnabris/files/2015/09/1_What-is-pollution.pdf

Hayder, Gasim & Hashim, A.M. & Bakri, P.Z.M. & Samsuri, M.Z. & Rais, N.L.A. & Noor,
N.D.M.. (2013). Marine Pollution at Northeast of Penang Island. Research Journal of
Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology. 6. 1348-1353.10.19026/rjaset.6.3955.

Lohr, A., Savelli, H., Beunen, R., Kalz, M., Ragas, A., & Van Belleghem, F. (2017).
Solutions for global marine litter pollution. Current opinion in environmental
sustainability, 28, 90-99.

Tentree International. (2018). 10 Benefits Of Cleaning Up Your Local Beach. Retrieved from
Tentree: https://www.tentree.com/blogs/posts/10-benefits-of-cleaning-up-your-local-
beach

Parker, L. (2018). Beach clean-up study shows global scope of plastic pollution.
Retrieved from National Geographic:
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2018/10/greenpeace-beach-
cleanup-report-highlights-ocean-plastic-problem/

Pazos, P. R. (2016, June 2). Global Citizenship Education: A Crucial Factor To Achieve The
SDGs. Retrieved from SDSN Youth: https://sdsnyouth.org/blog-
posts/2016/6/2/global- citizenship-education-a-crucial-factor-to-achieve-the-sdgs

UNESCO. (November, 2015). Global Citizenship Education Retrieved from:

https://www.gced-compass.com/uploads/2/6/0/5/26050784/unesco_gced.pdf

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