Mechanical National Diploma Syllabus

ZIMBABWE
MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
2015
REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUS FOR THE
NATIONAL DIPLOMA
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(Production Engineering)
Course Code: 539/15/TN/0
Implementation Date: January

2015
NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 539/15/TN/0
PREAMBLE
This course has been designed to produce a competent and knowledgeable Mechanical
Engineering Technician with the necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes required by the
Mechanical Engineering and allied industries. Entry requirement to the course is a National
Certificate in Mechanical Engineering or equivalent. The course duration is two years of college
and 6 months of supervised industrial attachment (3000 hours). Students’ enrolment will
consider gender mainstreaming, environment for sustainable development, physical or mental
challenges and health dispositions and the intersections between race, class and culture. It may
be done on full time or part-time basis. Assessment is through written examinations, coursework
and a project.
CONSULTATION YEARS
1. Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority (ZESA) 2014
2. Wankie Colliery Company Ltd. 2014
3. Harare Institute of Technology (HIT) 2014
4. Sable Chemical Industries Ltd 2014
5. The Zimbabwe Institution of Engineers (ZIE) 2014
6. Ministry of Public Construction and National Housing 2014
7. Anglo American Corporation Services 2014
8. Dairiboard Zimbabwe Limited 2014
9. City of Harare Department of Works 2014
10. Delta Engineering Training Centre 2014
11. Engineering Employers’ Association of Zimbabwe 2014
12. Willowvale Mazda Motor Industries 2014
13. National Manpower Advisory Council (NAMACO) 2014
14. National University of Science and Technology (NUST) 2014
15. University of Zimbabwe (UZ) 2014
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16. Zimbabwe Manpower Development Fund (ZIMDEF) 2014
PART I: REGULATIONS
1.0 TITLE AND LEVEL OF AWARD
National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering: Production Engineering
2.0 AIM
To produce a technician with the knowledge, skills and attitudes to understand and apply
Production Engineering techniques to achieve organisational goals
3.0 OBJECTIVES.
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
3.1 apply the principles of strength of material to design operationally secure plant
installations.
3.2 apply the principles of manufacturing technology to enhance appropriate material

selection in solving engineering problems.
3.3 apply Engineering Mathematics principles to solve Engineering problems.
3.4 demonstrate a critical, logical and objective problem solving ethic at work place.
3.5 demonstrate patriotism to national issues.
3.6 design, plan, organise and perform manufacturing operations of components and
maintenance of mechanical components.
3.7 solve engineering problems using mathematical and scientific concepts
3.8 implement health and safety regulations in the work place
3.9 integrate all skills acquired from various subjects to produce a design project
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4.0 STRUCTURE
4.1 The subjects for the course are:
SUBJECT CODE DURATION (HOURS)

1st YEAR
1. Engineering Mathematics 539/15/S06 210
2. Manufacturing Technology 539/15/S02 210
3. Electro-Technology 539/15/SO 70
3
4. Engineering Drawing 539/15/S12 140
5. Applied Mechanics 539/15/S07 140
6. Industrial Management 539/15/S05 140
7. Computer Aided design and 546/15/SO 210
Computer Aided Manufacturing 2
8. National Studies (NAS) 401/15/SO 80
1
9. Entrepreneurial Skills Development 402/15/S01 80
(ESD)
2ND YEAR
10. Production Engineering 539/15/S01 140
11. Machine Design 539/15/S09 140
12. Mechanics of Machines 539/15/S08 140
13. Strength of Materials 539/15/S11 140
14. Fluid Mechanics 539/15/S10 120
15. Project 539/15/S13 50
16. Thermodynamics 539/15/SO 140
4
17. On the Job Education and Training 6 months
Grand Total 2150
5.0 DURATION
Two years of college and 6 months of supervised industrial attachment.

(2150 Hours)
6.0 ENTRY REQUIREMENTS
To qualify for admission to this programme, one should have five Ordinary Level
Subjects including English Language, Science and Mathematics and a National
Certificate in any one of the Mechanical Engineering disciplines listed below (or
equivalent):
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6.1 Machine Shop Engineering

6.2 Draughting and Design Technology
6.3 Fabrication Engineering
6.4 Foundry Work
6.5 Vehicle Body Building
6.6 Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning
6.7 Millwright’s Work.
7.0 MODE OF STUDY
Full time
Part time (Appropriately employed students)
8.0 ASSESSEMENT SCHEME
EXAMINABLE SUBJECTS MODE OF ASSESSMENT TOTAL

WRITTEN COURSEWORK 100%
EXAMINATION ASSESSMENT
40% 60%
1st YEAR
1 Engineering Mathematics 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%
539/15/SO6  3 Field based
assignments weighted
10% each (30%)
 Skills Competence
Testing (30%)
2 Manufacturing technology 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

10% each (30%)
Testing (30%)
3 Electro-technology 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

10% each (30%)
Testing (30%)
4 Engineering Drawing 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

539/15/S12  3 Field based
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10% each (30%)

Testing (30%)
5 Applied Mechanics 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

10% each (30%)
Testing (30%)
6 Industrial Management 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

10% each (30%)
Testing (30%)
7 CAD/CAM 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

10% each (30%)
Testing (30%)
8 *NAS 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

10% each (30%)
Testing (30%)
2ND YEAR
9 Production Engineering 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%
10% each (30%)
Testing (30%)
10 Machine Design 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

10% each (30%)
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Testing (30%)
11 Mechanics of Machines 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

10% each (30%)
Testing (30%)
12 Fluid Mechanics 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

10% each (30%)
Testing (30%)
13 Strength of Materials 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

10% each (30%)
Testing (30%)
14 Thermodynamics 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

10% each (30%)
Testing (30%)
15 Project Refer to Appendix I 100%

539/15/S13
*Candidates are exempted from sitting for National Studies (NAS) and Entrepreneurial
Skills Development (ESD) if they have passed the subject at other levels in which they
were awarded.
*New Entry Candidates should pass both continuous assessment and the Examination
before aggregation can be effected.
9.0 GRADING
0% to 49% - Fail
50% to 59% - Pass
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60% to 79% - Credit

80% to 100% - Distinction
10.0 CONDITIONS OF AWARD
10.1 A candidate should attend at least 85% of learning sessions to qualify for
examinations.
10.2 The final mark should be obtained through aggregation provided the candidate
scores at least 40 % in each of continuous assessment and examinations.
10.3 The pass mark is 50 %.
10.4 Certification will only be effected after the successful completion of the full
programme of training.
11.0 RE-WRITES
11.1 A candidate will qualify for re-write(s) if he/she passes a minimum of 4 written
papers at one first sitting.
11.2 Re-write(s) should conform to current course structure.
11.3 There is no time limit for which to re-write a failed examination.
11.4 There is no aggregation for re-writes.
11.5 All re-writes should pass on performance in the examination.
11.6 If a candidate fails coursework he/she repeats the subject
12.0 EXEMPTIONS
12.1 A candidate will be exempted in subjects already passed in a qualification for

which a certificate or diploma will be awarded.
12.2 Application for exemption should be done at the time of enrolment.
13.0 IRREGULAR PRACTICES

13.1 Cheating in continuous assessment and or examinations will result in
disqualification of the candidate from the whole course. The candidate will be
suspended for two years from undertaking any HEXCO course.
13.2 Plagiarism in any of the assessment work will result in disqualification and the
penalty in 13.1 will apply
14.0 RESOURCES
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14.1 Lecturer’s Qualifications
Relevant Higher National Diploma qualification or equivalent.
A recognised Technical Training qualification is an added advantage.
14.2 Tools, Equipment and Infra-Structure
Additional to tools, equipment and infra-structural requirements for the National

Certificate (Mechanical Engineering) programmes, the following will be required
for the Diploma course:
Fully Equipped Laboratories for:
 Metrology
 Mechanics
 Thermodynamics
 Material Testing
 Fluid Mechanics
 Hydraulics and Pneumatics
 Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning
 Computer Aided Drafting, Manufacturing and Engineering.
14.3 Literature
Refer to end of each subject syllabus for lists of suggested books for reference.
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15.0 SUMMARY OF EXPECTED COMPETENCIES
UNIT UNIT TITLE CREDITS ELEMENTS COMPETENCIES

NO.
1. Manufacturing 24  Define unit  Emergency
Process operations Preparedness
Operations  Follow process Management
flow diagrams  Engineering
 Identify required Mathematics
materials  Knowledge of
 Determine Engineering Science
required  Knowledge of
machinery and environmental
equipment impact evaluation
 Select appropriate  Knowledge of
programming hazards
operations  Knowledge of
 Analyse and Hazards
optimise process Management
 Supervise  Knowledge of
production Risk Assessment
process  Knowledge of the
process
 Knowledge of tools
and equipment
 Team player
 Troubleshooting
skills
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NO.
2. Machine 36  Define unit  Ability to take
Operations operation precision
 Select machinery measurement
 Carry out  Hazards
programming management
operations skills
 Knowledge of
basic electrical
engineering
 Knowledge of
engineering
maths
 Knowledge of
engineering
science
 Knowledge of
hydraulics and
pneumatics
 Knowledge of
laboratory tools
and equipment
 Knowledge of
machines and
their operation
 Knowledge of
process software
and hardware
 Knowledge of
waste disposal
techniques
 Materials
handling
 Numeracy skills
 Presentation
skills
 Risk assessment
skills
 Team player
 Troubleshooting
skills
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NO.
3. Production 24  Outline process  Analytical skills
Process operations  Balanced
Management  Manage scorecard
production  Computer
inventory literacy
 Comply with  Data compilation
applicable skills
legislation and  Hazards and
code of practice impact
 Monitor start up management
machines  Interpersonal
 Manage machine skills
equipment and  Knowledge of
tools machinery and
 Manage equipment
production stock legislation
handling  Knowledge of
 Monitor machine plant operation
shut down  Knowledge of
quality control
 Material
inventory skills
 Procurement
and logistics
 Production
Management
skills
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NO.
4. Designing and 30  4.1Conduct field  Analytical
Drawing assessment and  Auto CAD/ CAM
identify  Conceptual
engineering skills
problem  Diagnostic skills
 4.2 Compile  Drawing skills
relevant data  Engineering
 4.3 Produce Mathematics
sketch drawing  Knowledge of
 4.4 Carry out materials
necessary  Problem solving
calculations  Programming
 4.5 Produce final skills
drawing for  Report Writing
approval
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NO.
5. Plant and 30  Obtain Plant and  Basic electrical
Equipment Equipment knowledge
Management maintenance  Hazards
and schedule management
Maintenance  Produce  Knowledge of
maintenance plan basic fitting
 Carry out skills
maintenance work  Knowledge of
control systems
 Knowledge of
gearboxes
 Knowledge of
hydraulics and
pneumatics
 Knowledge of
machinery
 Knowledge of
maintenance
statutes
 Knowledge of
strength of
materials
 Knowledge of
thermodynamics
 Maintenance
Managements
kills
 Report writing
 Risk assessment
 Root Cause or
Fishbone
analysis
 Troubleshooting
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NO.
6 Engineering 36 6.1 Demonstrate  Chemical
Materials knowledge of composition of
materials materials
6.2 Differentiate  Environmental
materials awareness
6.3 Determine use  Knowledge of
of different engineering
materials materials
 Knowledge of
Engineering
Science and
Mathematics
 Knowledge of
Heat Treatment
 Knowledge of
laboratory/
workshop tests
 Knowledge of
material
application
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APPENDIX I
PRODUCTION PROJECT TUTORIALS/CONSULTATION (50 HOURS)
Guidelines
1. To design and manufacture mechanical components/machines which are of:
a. High efficiency in manufacturing
b. Good quality
c. User and environmentally friendly
2. Students produce progress reports from the outset to the assigned supervisors. The student
should search for information from the supervisors, members of staff, industry, internet, etc.
3. A project will only be considered complete if it meets the requirements of functionality. A

non functional project will be automatically deferred.
4. While the college may provide machinery and materials for the manufacture of the product,
it is not a right that the college must fund the project.
5. In the absence of adequate materials, the student must produce a functional prototype to
demonstrate functionality.
6. The assessment panel should consist of specialists in Machine Design, Mechanics of

Machines, Drawing, Manufacturing Technology, etc.
Production Project Layout
1. Project Proposal
i. Statement of the problem [10]
ii. Significance of the project [10]
iii. Background and justification of the project [10]
iv. Objectives of the project (SMART) [10]
2. Literature Review
i. Identify at least three similar cases that may be existing [10]
ii. Compare these with the one in question [10]
iii. Identify the necessary improvements and the beneficiaries [15]
iv. Produce a justification of your decisions [15]
3. Methodology
i. Design the mechanisms to be used [40]
ii. Demonstrate appropriate selection and use of materials
with the target population and market forces in mind [30]
Total- [160]
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4. Design and Manufacture Marking Guide (Oral Presentations and Physical Inspection)
NAME: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DATE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PROJECT TITLE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -
FEATURE POSSIBLE MARK ACTUAL MARK COMMENT
-------------------------------------------------------------------
1. DESIGN
(a) Working Sketches 10
(b) Calculations 30
(c) Drawings/Developments 30
(d) Needs Satisfaction 30
- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2. FABRICATION/
MANUFACTURING
(a) Workmanship 20
(b) Aesthetics 20
(c) Finish 20
(d) Functionality 40
-------------------------------------------------------------- ----
3. PRESENTATION
(a) Research 20
(b) Write – up 40
(c) General Understanding 20
(d) Costing 20
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 300
Grand Total 460
Percentage 100%
------------------------------------------------------------------
Pass Fail
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of Examiner: __________ Signature:__________ Date:___________
Name of Moderator: __________ Signature:__________ Date:___________
5. Presentation
i. Submit two spiral bound copies for assessment.

ii. Copies considered good may be placed in the library.
iii. 1.5 space typed copies (Times New Roman).
iv. Minimum of 40 pages including tables and graphs.
v. Heading 1 – 16 font size (centralised)
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vi. Heading 2 – 14 font size (justified to the left)

vii. Heading 3 – 13 font size (aligned to the left)
viii. The rest of the document - font size 12 (Times New Roman)
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PART II
SYLLABI
SUBJECT TITLE: ENGINEERING PRODUCTION
SUBJECT CODE: 539/15/S01
DURATION: 140HOURS
1.0 AIM
1.1 To equip the student with the Engineering Production Principles and their
application in industry.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
At the end of covering the subject content, the student will be able to:
2.1 Apply Engineering Production principles to solve engineering related problems.

2.2 Use production machines to produce products.
2.3 Relate operating principles of hydraulic and pneumatic equipment to the
operations of actual machine tools in industry.
3.0 TOPICS
 HYDRAULICS AND PNEUMATICS
 AUTOMATIC MACHINING
 PRESS TOOLS
 MANUFACTURE OF GEARS
 JIGS AND FIXTURES
 BROACHING MACHINES
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 HYDRAULICS AND PNEUMATICS
4.1.1 List ideal properties of hydraulic fluids.

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4.1.2 State operating principles of:
- Hydraulic power packs.

- Directional control valves.
- Signal control valves.
- Speed control valves.
- Actuators
- Motors.
4.1.3 Service and maintain units stated in 4.1.2.
4.1.4 Define the following terms as they relate to hydraulic systems in the operation of
machine tools:
-Hydrostatic
-Hydrodynamic.
4.1.5 State advantages obtained in applying hydrostatic principles in lubrication of

bearings and flotation slides.
4.1.6 Explain reasons for use of hydrodynamic control systems giving typical
applications.
4.1.7 Produce a line diagram of a hydraulic circuit for moving parts of a machine
tool, label and explain essential items in the circuit.
4.2 AUTOMATIC MACHINING
4.2.1 Describe the types and application of control systems used in automatic
machining with consideration of the following aspects.
- Degrees of control from manual to full automatic.

- Open loop and closed loop systems.
- Control of drives for positioning.
- Monitoring devices – Analogue and digital.
- Position transducers – rotary type and optical gratings.
4.2.2 Explain the operating principles and factors justifying the use of:
- Single spindle automatic lathe with indexing turret.

- Sliding head automatic lathe.
4.2.3 Describe the type of work suitable for production on machines listed in 4.2.2.
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4.2.4 Identify typical tooling used on the machines in 4.2.2.
4.2.5 Prepare a sequence of operations including non productive time on a turret type
automatic lathe.
4.2.6 Calculate cycle times of production of a component from given data.
4.3 PRESS TOOLS
4.3.1 Identify and/or describe types of presses relative to the following methods of
classification:
- Type of frame
- Source of power
- Method of actuation
- Number of slides.
4.3.2 Define and describe the following terms as they relate to press tools and presses:
- Press tonnage
- Stroke
- Shut height
- Die space
4.3.3 Explain the necessary applications of the following material handling equipment:
- Feeding devices
- Coil unwinding devices
- Strip straightening and flexing devices
4.3.4 Describe the basic construction and applications of the following types of dies:
- Simple punch and die

- Progressive dies
- Inverted dies
- Combination dies
- Compound dies.
4.3.5 Demonstrate a knowledge of the following design considerations relative to press

tools and terminology:
- Cutting action
- Die clearances
- Punches and dies
- Pilots
- Strippers and pressure pads
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- Strip layout
4.3.6 Describe typical applications of the following die cutting operations:
- Blanking
- Piercing
- Lancing
- Cut off
- Notching
- Shaving and trimming
4.3.7 Describe typical applications of the various types of forming dies.
- Solid dies
- Pad type dies
- Curling dies
- Embossing dies
- Budging dies
4.3.8 Express knowledge of applications and considerations relative to bending dies.

- Methods of bending
- Springback
- Bend allowance
4.3.9 Identify and explain simple draw die operation showing an understanding of the
following:
- Metal flow when drawing

- Blank size determination.
4.4 MANUFACTURE OF GEARS
4.4.1 Demonstrate the following gear terminology:
- Pressure angle
- Addendum
- Dedendum
- Module
- Pitch circle diameter
4.4.2 Calculate gear proportions and size listed in 4.4.1 based on knowledge of the
dimensions of size of a basic rack.
4.4.3 Explain the principle and the relative efficiency of the following methods of gear
manufacture:
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a) Hobbing
b) Gear shaper
c) Gear planner
d) Casting
e) Stamping
f) Rolling
g) Powder metallurgy
h) Plastics.
4.4.4 Express knowledge of the following gear finishing processes.
- Grinding (Generation and forming)

- Shaving
- Roll finishing
4.5 JIGS AND FIXURES
4.5.1 State the purpose and application of:
- jig
- fixture
4.5.2 List the main elements incorporated to design a:
- jig
- fixture
4.5.3 State the basic principles of location with reference to the six degrees of
freedom.
4.5.4 State the principles of clamping and give typical examples.
4.5.5 Sketch in good proportion the features of jigs and fixtures used to produce
a typical component.
4.6 BROACHING MACHINES
4.6.1 Explain the operating principles of broaching processes.
4.6.2 Describe typical broaching operations.
4.6.3 Provide a basic drawing showing the essential features of broach tools
4.6.4 Identify factors which influence broach design.
4.6.5 Calculate proportions for designing a simple broach.

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5.0 ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATION GRID
Topic Hour Weight (%) Number of Questions

s
Hydraulics and Pneumatics 17.5 12.5 1
Automatic Machining 17.5 12.5 1
Material Handling Equipment and 17.5 12.5 1
Dies
Manufacture of Gears 17.5 12.5 1
Jigs and Fixtures 17.5 12.5 1
Broaching Machines 17.5 12.5 1
Control system and Hydraulic Circuits 35 25 2
Total 140 100 8
6.0 SUGGESTED REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Timings R.L (1992) Manufacturing Technology Vol 1 2nd Ed.
2. Black B.J (2010) Workshop Processes, Practices and Materials 4th Ed.
3. Black S.C, (1995) Principles of Engineering Manufacture 3rd Ed.
4. Groover M.P (1987) Automation, Production Systems and Computer

Integrated Manufacturing
5. Hoffmen G.E (1980) Jig and Fixture Design
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SUBJECT TITLE: MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
DURATION: 210 HOURS
1.0 AIM
1.1 To equip the student with the principles of Manufacturing Technology and their
application in industry.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
2.1 apply principles of Materials Technology in industry.
2.2 apply workshop technology and fabrication principles to solve manufacturing

problems.
2.3 Identify measurement errors in manufacturing processes.
3.0 TOPICS
 MATERIALS SCIENCE
 WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY AND FABRICATION
 METROLOGY
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 MATERIALS SCIENCE
POWDER METALLURGY
4.1.1 Understand the preparation and the processing of metal powders to make
components.
- Describe the powder production using the following methods:
a) Atomization
b) Reduction
c) Electrolysis
d) General methods e.g. grinding, milling, crushing and shotting.
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4.1.2Explain the powder processing method to include the following:
a) Blending and mixing

b) Compacting
c) Sintering
4.1.3State the advantages, disadvantages and applications of powder

metallurgy.
4.1.4 CORROSION AND SURFACE PROTECTION OF MATERIALS
Describe the metal surface protection methods listed below:
- Galvanising
- Tinning
- Electroplating
- Anodising
4.1.5 Describe the principle of electrochemical corrosion and state its

Industrial applications.
4.1.6 PRODUCTION OF PLASTICS
- Explain the production of plastics by polymerisation.

- Differentiate between amorphous and crystalline polymers.
- Describe the production and application of:
a) Thermoplastics
b) Thermosetting plastics.
4.1.7 State the advantages and disadvantages of thermosets and thermoplastics.
4.1.8 Describe with the aid of clearly labelled diagrams the following
plastic moulding processes:
- Extrusion
- Blow moulding
- Transfer moulding
- Injection moulding.
4.1.9 Explain why plastics are now widely used in the industry.
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4.2 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT (INDUSTRIAL)
a) Describe with the aid of line diagrams the construction of the following
temperature measuring devices.
- Radiation pyrometer
-Thermocouple
- Disappearing filament pyrometer
(b) Explain the principle of operation of each of these devices.
(c) List four advantages and four disadvantages of each device.
4.3 CASTING METHODS – FOUNDRY
4.3.1 Describe with the aid of line diagrams the following casting methods:
- Sand casting
- Gravity die casting
- Pressure die casting
a) Hot chamber
b) Cold chamber processes
4.3.2 Investment casting
4.3.3 Continuous casting process.
4.3.4 State the advantages and disadvantages of the processes above giving at least four
applications of each.
4.3.5 Differentiate between green sand moulds and dry sand moulds. State their
applications, advantages and disadvantages.
4.4 WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY AND FABRICATION
4.4.1 NEWER METHODS OF MANUFACTURE/NON TRADITIONAL
State the four methods of how traditional machining and give examples of
relevant processes under each method.
With the aid of line diagrams, explain the principles of operation of the processes
listed below:
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- Mechanical Methods
- ultrasonic machining
- Chemical Method
- Electrochemical machining
- Electro-chemical grinding
- Electrical Methods
- Electro-discharge machining
- Electro-discharge grinding
- Thermal Method
- Laser beam machining
State applications, advantages and disadvantages of each of the above methods.
4.4.2 Demonstrate the operating principles of the numerical control machines.
4.4.3 Describe the working principles of NC Machines.
4.4.4 Describe the following measuring systems
a)Analogue and digital systems.

b)Absolute and incremental systems.
4.5 FABRICATION
4.5.1 Describe with the aid of diagrams the following welding processes.
- MIG
- Tig
- Plasma arc welding (PAW)
- Laser beam welding
4.5.2 List the main advantages, disadvantages, and applications of the above processes.
4.6 MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING
4.6.1 Duties of the maintenance department

4.6.2 Describe the following forms of maintenance:
- Planned maintenance and its benefits

- Breakdown maintenance, its applications and benefits
- Preventive maintenance, its applications and benefits
- Corrective maintenance, its applications and benefits
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4.6.3 Basic Mechanics of Planned Maintenance
Discuss the following concepts planned maintenance:
Inventory list, identification of plant and equipment, facility register, maintenance

schedule, Job specification, maintenance programme, control cycle, job report,
history card
4.6.4 Human Element in planned maintenance
4.6.5 Identify the manpower requirements needed for effective maintenance

programmes.
4.7 METROLOGY
4.7.1 LINEAR MEASUREMENT
Identify the errors in measurement, their causes, effect and rectification
- Describe the errors which can be eliminated and those which can not
- Describe the following:
a) Compound errors
b) Effect of averaging results – area of quality control
4.7.2 Appreciate use of light waves as standard of length
- Explain the reasons for the use of light waves as standard of length
- Describe the nature of light and monochromatic rays.
- Describe interferometry to include NPL flatness and Pitter NPL
interferometers with the aid of diagrams
4.7.3 Understand the principles of Linear measurement
- Describe the use of slip and block gauges and length bars
- Describe ht design concept and operation of linear measurement
instruments to include:
a) Principle of alignment
b) Sensitivity, accuracy and variance
- Describe with the aid of diagrams the principle of kinematics and designs
of the following comparators:
29
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a) Mechanical (sigma)
b) Mechanical Optical
c) Pneumatic (back pressure)
- Gear Measurements and their tests
a) Demonstrate with the aid of diagrams the use of the rolling gear
test and gear tooth vernier.
b) Describe the gear measurement over rollers and the testing of the
involute form
4.7 EXAMINATION SCHEME
The Manufacturing question paper shall be composed of the following sections and questions:
There will be 8 questions from sections A, B and C. The candidate will be required to answer at
least one question from each section and anyother two from any section to make a total of five
questions.
Section A Materials Three Questions.
Section B Workshop Technology Three Questions
Section C Metrology Two Questions
TOPIC NO. OF WEIGHT% NO. OF

HOURS QUESTIONS
1 POWDER 29 14 1
METALLURGY AND
CORROSION AND
SURFACE PROTECTION
2 PRODUCTION OF 28 13 1
PLASTICS
3 TEMPERATURE 29 14 1
MEASUREMENT AND
CASTINGS
4 NEW METHODS OF 28 13 1
MANUFACTURING
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5 FABRICATION 23 11 1
6 MAINTENANCE 23 11 1
7 LINEAR 23 11 1
MEASUREMENT
8 GEAR MEASUREMENTS 27 13 1
AND THEIR TESTS
TOTAL 210 100 8
1. Galyer, J and Shotbolt, G 1990 Metrology for Engineers
2. Lissamann J 1967 Metrology for Technicians
3. Jain, R.K. 1995 Engineering Metrology
4. Hume. 1950 Metrology
5. Donald R Askeland. 1984 The Science and Engineering of Materials
6. Davies, A.C. 1993 The Science and Practice of Welding Vol. 1 and
2.
7. Kempster M.H.A. 1978 Workshop Technology for Technicians.
8. Roy A. Lindberg 2008 Processes and Materials to anufacture 4th Ed
9. Kovasevic R 2012 Welding Processes InTech
10. Boboulos A.M 2010 Manufacturing Processes and Materials
11. Bar-Meir G 2000 Fundamentals of Die Casting
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SUBJECT TITLE: APPLIED THERMODYNMICS

(C0MMON TO PLANT, DDT AND PRODUCTION
DURATION: 140 HOURS
1.0 AIM
To equip the student with principles of Thermodynamics and their applications in

industry.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
2.1 apply principles of Thermodynamics to solve problems.

2.2 Apply principles of heat to solve problems.
3.0 TOPICS
TEMPERATURE CHANGE
HEAT TRANSFER
PROPERTIES OF GASES
BASIC THERMODYNAMICS
EXPANSION AND COMPRESSION OF GASES
PROPERTIES OF STEAM AND STEAM PLANT
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES
MIXTURE OF GASES
PROPERTY OF THERMODYNAMICS
POLLUTION CONTROL
NOZZLES
STEAM TURBINES
COMPRESSORS
REFRIGERATION
32
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4.0 CONTENT
4.1 EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE CHANGE
4.1.1 Demonstrate the effects of temperature change on materials and solve relevant
problems.
(a) Explain change of dimension – linear, superficial and volumetric

expansion and contraction of solids, liquids and gases.
(b) Explain the change of phases.
(c) Define viscosity, relative density and specific weight and explain the
effect of temperature change on each one.
(d) Solve problems on effects of temperature change.
(e) Solve problems involving the following:
- Specific heat of solids and liquids.

- Water equivalent
- Thermal capacity.
4.2 HEAT TRANSFER
4.2.1 Demonstrate an understanding of the concepts of heat transfer and solve

problems.
(a) Describe the methods of heat transfer by:
- Conduction
- Convection
-Radiation
(b) Solve problems on heat transfer by radiation.

(c) State the various kinds of insulating materials
(d) Derive the expressions for heat transfer through.
- Single plate
- Composite wall
- Thin cylinder
- Thick cylinder
- Composite thick cylinder
- From one fluid to another through a dividing wall.
(e) Solve problems on each of the concepts.
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4.3 PROPERTIES OF GASES

4.3.1 Describe the behaviour of gases and solve relevant problems.
- Define a perfect gas.

- State and explain Boyle’s, Charles’ and Combined gas laws.
- State and define the gas constant and the characteristic equation of a gas.
- Define the universal gas constant and state Avogadro’s law.
- Define the mole.
- State Dalton’s law of partial pressures.
- Define the specific-heat capacities of gases at constant pressure and
constant volume (Cp and Cv) and establish the relationship between the two.
- Solve problems involving the properties of gases outlined
4.4 BASIC THERMODYNMICS

4.4.1 Show an appreciation of the basic principles of Thermodynamics.
- State and explain the first law of Thermodynamics (the law of the
conservation of energy).
- Draw a P-V diagram and explain that the area under it represents the work
done by gas.
- State and explain Joule’s law (internal energy of a gas).
- Explain steady flow and non-flow processes.
- Solve problems using basic principles of Thermodynamics.
4.5 EXPANSION AND COMPRESSION OF GASES
4.5.1 Demonstrate an understanding of expansion and compression of gases and solve

related problems.
(a) Draw and explain the P-V diagram.

(b) Describe the following processes and draw their P-V diagrams.
- Isothermal
- Adiabatic
-Polytrophic
- Constant pressure (isobaric)
- Constant volume (isochoric)
(c) Deduce the expressions for work done during the above processes.
(d) Establish the relationship between heat energy supplied and work done.
34
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(e) Establish the relationship between temperature and volume, temperature

pressure .
(f) Define expansion and compression ratios (r).
(g) Solve problems on expansion and compression of gases.
(h) Describe the ideal and actual indicator diagrams.
(i) Explain the operation of the constant pressure and constant volume gas
thermometers.
4.6 PROPERTIES OF STEAM AND STEAM PLANT
4.6.1 Show a general understanding of the properties of steam.
(a) Explain the process of steam generation in the steam plant.

(b) Identify the major components of a steam-raising power plant (Boiler,
Condenser, turbine, pump)
(c) Define:
- Saturated water
- Saturated vapour
(f) Define evaporation.

(g) Define
- Saturation temperature
- Specific enthalpy
(h) Sketch a temperature-enthalpy diagram to indicate the formation of steam

at atmospheric pressure from water at 0ºC.
(i) Explain the relationship between pressure and saturation temperature of
steam
(j) Define the symbols:
- P (pressure)
-P1 (saturation pressure)
-t (temperature)
-ts (saturation temperature)
-v (specific volume)
-h (specific enthalpy)
-x (dryness fraction)
35
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(k) Explain the suffixes:
- (a property of a saturated liquid)

- (a property of a saturated vapour)
- Change of phase at constant pressure P) and hence define hf,hg, Vg

andhfg
(l) Express the specific enthalpy of wet steam as hf + xhfg

(m) Express the specific volume of wet steam as approximately xVg
(n) Use tables to evaluate specific enthalpy, and specific volume of:
- Saturated liquid
- Saturated vapour
- Wet vapour
- Superheated vapour
Given pressure and temperature or dryness fraction as appropriate.
(o) Determine at all states:
- Specific enthalpy
- Dryness fraction
- Temperature and pressure
(p)Interpolate between tabulated values using direct proportion.

(q)Solve problems on steam involving:
-Drynessfraction (x)
-Enthalpy (h)
-Specific volume (v)
(r) Solve problems using steam tables involving:
-Wet steam
- Saturated steam
- Superheated steam
(s) Explain the expansion of steam

(t) Outline the layout systems of steam plant.
(v Explain the boiler types (fire tube and water tube).
(w)Describe the following ideal steam plant cycles and solve problems:
a) Carnot
b) Rankine
(u)Describe condenser types and their functions.

36
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4.7 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
4.7.1 Demonstrate an understanding of the general principles of ICEs.
(a) Define internal combustion engine.

(b) State the function of all parts of the ICE.
(c) Outline the classification of internal combustion engines.
(d) Describe with the aid of diagrams the cycle of operations of the
diesel and petrol internal combustion engines 2 and 4 stroke.
(e) Compare the operation of diesel and petrol engines.
(f) State the advantages and disadvantages of:
- Petrol engines
- Diesel engines
4.7.2 Indicator diagrams

4.7.3 Calculations
4.7.4 Engine tests.
4.8 THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES
4.8.1 LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS
Define the following laws:

- 1st law
- 2nd law
4.8.2 THERMODYNAMIC REVERSIBILITY
- Explain the non-flow energy equation and reversibility.

- Explain the Carnot’s principle.
- Derive the expressions for the Carnot efficiency and work done.
- Solve problems on thermodynamic reversibility.
4.9 MIXTURE OF GASES
4.9.1 GAS MIXTURES
- Explain the volumetric analysis of a gas mixture.

- Explain the apparent molecular weight and gas constant.
- Derive the expression of the specific heats of a gas mixture.
- Explain gas and vapour mixtures.
- Solve problems on gas mixtures.
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4.10 PROPERTIES OF IDEAL GASES
4.10.1 ENTROPY
a) Describe entropy of vapours:
- Wet
- saturated
- dry saturated
- superheated.
(b) Describe the sources of pollution.
(c) Explain the entropy change for a gas (single-phase systems).
(d) Solve problems on entropy.
4.11 POLLUTION
4.11.1 POLLUTION CONTROL
- Describe the sources of pollution.

-Explain the following:
a) boiler and exhaust devices

b) catalysts
c) precipitators
d) scrubbers.
4.12 NOZZLES
4.12.1 NOZZLES AND THEIR FUNCTION
- Describe the nozzles and their functions.

- Explain the flow analysis.
- Explain steam flow through nozzles.
- Explain supersaturated expansion.
- Explain equilibrium expansion.
- Solve problems on nozzles.
38
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4.13 STEAM TURBINES
4.13.1 STEAM TURBINES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
- Outline practical details.

- Describe the following types of turbines:
a) Impulse
b) reaction
- Draw and explain velocity diagrams for the impulse and reaction turbine
blades.
- Explain the combination of inlet and exit triangles.
- Derive the expression for work done on the blades.
- Explain the effect of friction.
- Explain the blade height.
- Solve problems on steam turbines.
4.14 COMPRESSORS
4.14.1 COMPRESSORS AND THEIR FUNCTION
- Describe air and gas compressors and their functions.

- Give practical details of reciprocating and rotary compressors.
- Derive the formula for thermal efficiency.
- Explain the compressor indicator diagrams.
- Explain the theoretical and practical effect of clearance and value bounce.
- Explain the free air delivery.
- Explain total or stagnation temperature and pressure.
- Solve problems on compressors.
- Tests on compressors.
4.15 REFRIGERATION
4.15.1 Refrigeration Cycles
4.15.2 Refrigerants
4.15.3 Statutory Requirements
4.15.4 Maintenance Requirements
4.15.5 Calculations
 To understand the process of refrigeration

 To discuss the need for refrigeration
 To identify common refrigerants and their properties
 To apply the statutory regulations regarding refrigeration systems
 Be able to prepare maintenance schedules and schemes for refrigeration units
39
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 Be able to solve mathematical problems on C.O.P, refrigerating effect, mass flow

rate, work and power.
4.16 LABORATORY WORK
4.15.1 Carry-out laboratory experiments on thermodynamic processes.
- Determine the specific heats with the use of a calorimeter.

- Carry out experiments to verify Boyle’s and Charles’ laws.
- Demonstrate the process of throttling using a Throttling Calorimeter.
- Undertake laboratory experiments.
- determine the boiler efficiency.
- Determine the equivalent evaporation of a boiler from and at 100ºC
- Determine the dryness fraction of steam using a separating throttling
calorimeter.
- Perform the basic design of a reciprocating engine steam valve.
4.15.2 Perform the following test:
- steam turbine
- gas turbine
- refrigerating coefficient of performance.
- heat transfer under free convection conditions.
- multistage air compressor.
TOPIC NO. OF WEIGHT% NO. OF

HOURS QUESTIONS
1 Refrigeration, Temperature 17.5 12.5 1
Change and Heat Transfer
2 Properties of Gases, 17.5 12.5 1
Expansion and compression
of Gases and Basic
Thermodynamics
3 Properties of steam and 18.5 13.2 1
steam plant
4 Internal combustion 16.5 11.8 1
engines
5 Mixture of Gases and 17.5 12.5 1
40
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Pollution
6 Nozzles and compressors 17.5 12.5 1
7 Steam turbines 17.5 12.5 1
8 Entropy 17.5 12.5 1
TOTAL 140 100 8
PUBLISHER
1. Joel Rayner (1971) Basic Engineering ELBS
Thermodynamics
2. Embleton W. (1971) Heat and Heat Engines for

Engineer’s Reed Vol. 3
3. Hunt R & (1970) Applied Heat
Thomas T H
4. Metcaf Heat Engines and Applied Heat.
5. Rayner Joel (1971) Basic Engineering Longman

Thermodynamics In S.I. Units -
6. T.D. Eastop& (1986) Applied Thermodynamics For

A Engineering Technologist
McConkeySl.I
.
7. G.F.C. Rogers, (1980) Engineering Thermodynamics

Y.R. Mayhew
8. D.D. Spalding (1973) Engineering Thermodynamics.

&E.H. Cole S.I. Units Third Edition
S.I.
9. Reed’s (1971) Heat And Heat Engines For

Engineers Vol 3 Second Edition
10 Micallef D (2014) Fundamentals of Refrigeration

. Thermodynamics
Culham J.R (2008) Introduction to Thermodynamics University of

11 and Heat Transfer Waterloo
.
Amimul A (2011) Heat Transfer: Engineering InTech
Applications
41
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12
. Powers J.M (2010) Intermediate Thermodynamics University of
Notre: Dame
13
.
SUBJECT TITLE: ELECTRO-TECHNOLOGY
42
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DURATION: 80 HOURS
1.0 AIM
To equip the student with Electro-technology principles and their applications in industry.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
At the end of covering subject content, the student will be able to:
2.1 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of fundamental principles of Electro-

technology
2.2 Interpret and produce circuit diagrams in conformity with British Standards (BS
3939)
3.0 TOPICS
 UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS
 DIRECT CURRENT CIRCUIT THEORY
 ELECTROMAGNETISM
 ELECTRIC FIELDS/ELECTROSTATICS
 SINGLE PHASE ALTERNATING CURRENT CIRCUIT THEORY
 GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS/ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS
4.1.1 Define different quantities by unit and dimensions.
- State the units of electrical charge.

- Define the unit of electric current flow.
- Distinguish between EMF and potential difference.
- Define the unit of resistance.
- Define the units of electric energy and power.
4.2 DIRECT CURRENT CIRCUIT THEORY
4.2.1 Demonstrate knowledge of electric current flow in a simple D.C. current.
43
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(a) Differentiate conductors, semi-conductors and

non-conductors.
(b) State the units of current, charge voltage, power and energy.
(c) State OHM’s law.
(d) Define resistivity RHO (ρ)
ρl
(e) Use the relationship R =
A
(f) Define temperature coefficient of resistance.
(g) Solve problems on change in resistance due to temperature change to any
base temperature.
(h) Solve problems involving:-
- Resistors in series
- Resistors in parallel
- Resistors in series and parallel combinations.
(i) Define power and state its unit as the watt.

(j) Use P=V1 = I2R = V2 and E = VIt
R
(k) Solve problems involving cost of energy.
(l) State Kirchoff’s laws and use them to solve problems for circuits of up to
three branches.
4.3 ELECTROMAGNETISM
4.3.1 (a) Describe the behaviour of permanent and electromagnetic materials and
their application in engineering studies.
(b) Demonstrate knowledge of electromagnetic principles.
- Explain the concept of the magnetic field.

- Define magnetic flux (∅) and state its unit as the weber.
- Define magnetic flux density and state its unit as the Tesla.
- Sketch the magnetic field patterns due to:
- A bar magnet
- Two bar magnets.
44
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4.3.2 Sketch the magnetic field patterns due to current in:-
- a long straight conductor

- Two parallel conductor
- A long solenoid
- A toroid.
4.3.2 Determine force on the conductor carrying current across a magnetic field.
4.3.3 state the law of interaction as a “Force on a current carrying conductor in a
magnetic field” and use BIl to calculate the force.
4.3.4 State the formula for a force between two parallel conductors carrying a
current.
4.3.5 State the law of induction (Faraday’s) as EMF due to:-
- Changing flux linkages (transformer EMF)
d∅
e = N volts
dt
Motion of conductor through a magnetic field:
e = B1v volts
4.3.6 Compare magnetic circuits and electric circuits.

4.3.7 Define mangnetomotive force (mmf) and state its unit.
4.3.8 Define magnetic field strength (H) and state its unit as the ampere/metre or
(ampere-turn/metre).
4.3.9 define the permeability of free space and relative permeability.
4.3.10 Show the relationship between B and H as B = uH where H = μμr = 4
4.4.11 Show the relationship between B and H by a graph.
4.3.12 Solve problems involving composite series magnetic circuits without
fringing.
4.3.13 Explain self-inductance (L) and mutual inductance (M). Define the unit in
which they are measured and calculate their values.
4.3.14 Explain the principle of operation of an ideal transformer and use the
relationship:
E p N p Is
= =
E s N s Ip
45
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4.4 ELECTRIC FIELDS/ELECTROSTATICS
4.4.1 Demonstrate knowledge of electrostatics.
4.4.2 Explain the concept of the electric field.
4.4.3 Define electric flux density (D) and state its unit as coulomb per metre squared.
4.4.4 Sketch the electric field patterns due to a charge on:
- Two straight parallel wires

- Two parallel plates.
4.4.5 Define electric potential and state its unit as the volt.
4.4.6 Define electric field strength (E) and state its unit as volt per metre.
4.4.7 Define permittivity of free space and relative permittivity.
4.4.8 State the relationship between D and E as D = ℇE where E = Eo Ep.
4.4.9 Define capacitance (C) and state its units as the farad (F).
Q
4.4.10 Use the expression C =
V
4.4.11 Calculate capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor in terms of dimensions.
4.4.12 Solve problems involving capacitors in series and in parallel.
1
4.4.13 State that energy can be stored in an electric field and use E = CV2 to calculate
2
it.
4.5 SINGLE PHASE ALTERNATING CURRENT CIRCUIT THEORY
4.5.1 Demonstrate knowledge of the basic concepts of circuit theory.
- Explain the following:
a) Alternating current
b) Single phase.
4.5.2 Sketch a graph of a periodic wave and define the terms cycle, frequency
periodic time, angular frequency, maximum or (peak) and instantaneous
values.
4.5.3 Express a sinusoidal emf of a source by means of:
(a) A Mathematical equation
e=E m Sinωt where ω=2 πf
46
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(b) An emf/time graph.
4.5.4 Determine, using graphical methods the root mean square and average
values of a full sine wave.
4.5.5 Sketch and explain how sine wave can be generated by a rotating line and
define voltage and current phasors.
4.5.6 Understand the use of phasor diagrams.
4.5.7 Define resistance, inductive, capacitance and impedance in AC circuits.
4.5.8 Calculate current, voltage and power in AC circuits.
4.6 GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS/ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS
4.6.1 Interpret and identify the symbols in common use on electrical, electronics and
refrigeration drawings for example current British Standard specifications BS
3939, BS 1553 and others.
- Identify and use BS 3939 and BS 1553 and some refrigeration symbols,
state the meaning of each symbol: also interpret all relevant information
from the circuit diagrams.
- Draw from a given data circuit diagrams using BS 3939 symbols.
- interpret all relevant information from a given simple installation plans or
drawings.
- Draw, using given data, simple installation plans.
Topic Hours Weight Number of Questions

Units of Measurements 10 12.5% 1
Direct Current Circuit Theory 20 25% 2
Electromagnetism 10 12.5% 1
Electric Fields/Electrostatics 10 12.5% 1
Single Phase A.C. Circuit Theory 20 25% 2
Graphical Symbols/Electrical 10 12.5 1
Drawings
Total 80 100% 8
47
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1. Morley & 1986 Principles of Electricity Longman

Hughes
2. Hughes Edward 1987 Electrical Technology Longman
3. J O Bird 2013 Electrical and Electronic Longman

Engineering Principles
Ready Reference Guide
4. I McKeinzie 1972 Basic Electrical Longman

Smith & Engineering Science
K T House
5. Noel Morris 1994 Electrical & Electronic Prentice Hall

Principles
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SUBJECT TITLE: INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT

(COMMON TO PLANT, DDT, PRODUCTION AND
FOUNDRYTECHNOLOGY
DURATION: 140 HOURS
1.0 AIM
To provide the student with the application of Industrial Management theories and tools.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
2.1. apply Industrial Management theories to solve problems.
2.2 use Management tools to improve productivity.
2.3 implement recruitment procedures.
3.0 TOPICS
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS

 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANISATIONS
 ORGANISATIONAL CHARTS
 DEPARTMENTAL CHARTS
 STATUTORY REGULATIONS
 LEGISLATIVE ACTS
 INDUSTRIAL AND HUMAN RELATIONS
 BASIC PERSONALITY THEORIES
 RECRUITMENT PROCEDURE: TRAINING
 CONDITION OF SERVICE
 BASIC ECONOMIC CONCEPTS
 THE PLANT
 EQUIPMENT AND MAINTENANCE
 TYPES OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
 MANAGEMENT TOOLS FOR OPERATIONAL CONTROL
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 DIFFERENT TYPES OF BUSINESS ORGANISATION
4.1.1 Define an Organisation, stating its purpose.

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4.1.2 Formation of an Organisation.

4.1.3 Define main features, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of Public,
Private Limited liability companies.
4.2 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANISATIONS THEORY
4.2.1 Describe the works of F. W. Taylor and E. Moyo.
4.2.2 Henry Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management.
Compare and contrast the works of the above pioneers and relate their work to
present organisations.
4.2.3 Discuss span of control and factors that determine the span.
4.2.4 Discuss the scalar or Hierarchical Principle.
4.3. ORGANISATIONAL CHARTS
4.3.1 Discuss the concepts of organising, division of labour and components of

delegation i.e. authority, responsibility, accountability and management co-
ordination.
4.3.2 Discuss the management functions of forecasting, planning and controlling.

Relate their effects to organising.
4.3.3 Appreciate the various pictorial representations of organisation charts.
4.3.4 Discuss the vertical, horizontal and circular representations.
4.3.5 Identify the merits and demerits of each of the above.
4.4 DEPARTMENTAL CHARTS
4.4.1 Appreciate the need for departmental sections and their respective functions, thus
the need for Division of Labour functions/principle.
4.5. STATUTORY REGULATIONS
4.5.1 Appreciation of the standing statutes regarding operations of a business concern.
4.5.2 Discuss legislation in respect of labour, prices, welfare, health, and safety.
LEGISLATIVE ACTS
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4.5.3 Have an overview of a general nature on the contents of the following Legislative
Acts, Factories, Machinery and Building Works, Mines and Works, Workmen’s
Compensation.
4.6 BASIC PERSONALITY THEORIES
4.6.1 Discuss the theories of R. Owen, A. Maslow, F. Hersberg, D. Megregor and

RLikert
4.6.2 Account for personality behaviour and attitudes to working situations.
4.6.3 Factors influencing the individual’s approach to work/task e.g. skill, motivation,
physical nature of working environment, domestic and financial circumstances.
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4.7 RECRUITMENT PROCEDURE: TRAINING
4.7.1 Explain methods of job classification in relation to other jobs for recruitment
purposes.
4.7.2 Discuss job description, job specification, job evaluation etc.
4.7.3 Identify sourcing areas for possible job candidates e.g. local magazines,
newspapers, professional bodies, education institutions etc.
4.7.4 Discuss constitution of the interviewing panel.
4.8 CONDITIONS OF SERVICE
4.8.1 Explain the salaries and wages structure.
4.8.2 Define a wage and a salary.
4.8.3 Discuss the various incentive schemes available/commonly used e.g. measured
day work piece rate, payment by results (P.B.R.). Co-partnership.
4.8.4 Identify merits and demerits of each of the discussed schemes.
4.8.5 Discuss work study systems.
4.9 INDUSTRIAL AND HUMAN RELATIONS
4.9.1 Appreciate the importance of good industrial relations in so far as the Employer-
Employee is concerned.
- Discuss positive and negative methods of maintaining discipline.

- Describe the causes of disputes in organisations.
- Describe the grievance and disciplinary procedures.
- Describe collective bargaining and joint consultation issues.
4.9.2 Demonstrate an understanding of Trade Unions and Workers’ Committees.
4.9.3 Define Trade Unions, Workers’ Committee and Shop Stewards.

4.9.4 Relate the roles of Trade Union Workers’ Committees and Shop Stewards in
solving industrial disputes.
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4.10 BASIC ECONOMIC CONCEPTS
4.10.1 Appreciate the basic economic issues of a country.
4.10.2 Describe some economic issues as they relate to organisations.
4.10.3 Explain the effects of the economy on organisations.
4.10.4 Explain the effects of the economy on organisations.
4.10.5 State economic effects.
4.10.6 Describe how managers can cope with these effects/or issues.
4.11 THE PLANT
4.11.1 Design and site the plant in accordance to standing bye-laws.
4.11.2 Identify saleable products or services.
4.11.3 Relate the products/services to standing by-laws with reference to factory sitting.
4.11.4 Consider pollution and effluent disposal requirements.
4.12. EQUIPMENT AND MAINTENANCE
4.12.1 Identify required equipment for production
4.12.2 Layout the equipment to acceptable, safe levels of production.
4.12.3 Maintain equipment to acceptable, safe levels of production.
4.12.4 Analyse production processes required to get the finished unit/product.
4.12.5 Suggest possible plant equipment required.
4.12.6 Discuss maintenance programmes and schedules for the equipment including
facility register, history cards, priority rating, condition monitoring methods
commonly used and permit to work.
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4.13 TYPES OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
4.13.1 Discuss the role played by various production systems on the ultimate production
of a unit component.
4.13.2 Discuss Batch, Flow, Job Mass, Group Technology, Jobbing types of production
systems.
4.14 MANAGEMENT TOOLS FOR OPERATIONAL CONTROL
4.14.1 Appreciate the various techniques a manager can use for efficient functioning of
an organisation.
(a) State/list the following techniques or tools:
- Marketing and Market Research

- Strategic Planning
- Work-study (motion and time study)
- Budgets and budgetary control
- Critical path analysis
- Materials management
- Production control
- Quality control
(b) Define and describe each of the techniques above
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Topics Number of Weightin Number of

Hours g Questions
Different types of business 17 12 1
organisations
Basic Principles of organisations
Organisational Charts
Departmental Charts
Statutory regulations 20 14 1
Legislative Acts
Industrial and human relations
Basic personality theories 20 14 1
Recruitment procedure: Training
Condition of Service
Basic Economic Concepts 14 10 1
The Plant 14 10 1
Equipment and maintenance 20 14 1
Types of production systems 14 10 1
Management tools for operational 21 16 1
control
Total 140 100% 8
1. J Batty 1982 Industrial Administration Macdonald and Evans
2. JF Stoner 1989 Management Longman Higher Education
3. Ministry of Labour Statutory Instrument Government Printers
4. T. Lucey 2004 Management Information Systems Cengage Learning EMEA
5. Greasly A 2013 Production and Operations Management.
6. Jack R 2013 Operations Management, 5th edition
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SUBJECT TITLE: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

(COMMON TO PLANT, DDT PRODUCTION AND
FOUNDRY TECHNOLOGY
SUBEJCT CODE: 539/15/S06
DURATION: 210 HOURS
1.0 AIM
To provide the students with Mathematical concepts and their applications.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
2.1 Apply Binomial, Poisson and Normal distribution concepts to solve statistical
problems.
3.0 TOPICS
 THEORY OF QUADRATICS
 REMAINDER THEOREM
 LIMITS
 DIFFERENTIATION
 APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIATION
 FURTHER DIFFERENTIATION
 INTEGRATION
 METHODS OF INTEGRATION
 APPLICATION OF INTEGRATION
 FURTHER TRIGONOMETRY
 SERIES
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
 COMPLEX NUMBERS
 MATRICES
 FURTEHR VECTORS
 NUMERICAL METHODS
 GEOMETRICAL APPLICATION OF CALCULUS
 FURTHER DIFFERENTIATION
 HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
 FURTHER INTEGRATION
 PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION
 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
 THEORY OF PROBABILITY
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4.0 CONTENT
4.1 THEORY OF QUADRATICS
4.1.1 Define surds and manipulate them.
(a) Sketch the quadratic functions in the form:.
y=a x2 +bx +c
(b) Determine shape of graph from the sign of the coefficient of the squared
term.
(c) Distinguish quadratic equation and function.
(d) Solve quadratic equations by calculation and by graph.
(e) Discuss nature of roots from the discriminates i.e. real root, imaginary
roots, equal roots and rational roots.
4.1.2 Solve problems in 4.1
4.2. REMAINDER THEOREM
4.2.1 Discuss factors of polynomial functions.
(a) Introduce the remainder theorem for any polynomial function.

(b) Use remainder theorem in factorisation.
(c) Solve equations by remainder theorems (simple situations)
4.3 LIMITS
4.3.1 Conceive the idea of limits.
4.3.2 Carryout simple calculations on limits.
4.3.3 Define derivative as a limit.
dy
4.3.4 Interpret Geometrically as a limit
dx
4.3.5 Find tangent and normal to a curve.
4.3.6 Apply derivative as rate of change.
4.3.7 Apply L. Hopital’s rule to more complex cases on limits.
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4.3.8 Use approximations and small changes in terms of derivatives.
4.3.9 Solve problems on the above.
4.4. DIFFERENTIATION
4.4.1 Differentiate from first principles.
4.4.2 Differentiate using product and quotient rule.
4.4.3 Use the chain rule.
4.4.4 Use the chain rule to find differential coefficient on parametric equations.
4.4.5 Solve practical problems using differentiation.
4.5 APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIATION
4.5.1 State the two basic stationery points.
- Identify stationery points as maximum and minimum.

- Distinguish stationery points by using the second derivative and
change of sign at turning point.
- Sketch curves.
- Solve practical problems on maximum and minimum.
4.6 FURTHER DIFFERENTIATION
4.6.1 Differentiate trigonometric functions.
4.6.2 Find differential coefficient of logarithmic functions.
- Apply logarithmic differentiation on more complex situations.
4.6.3 Find differential coefficient of exponential functions.
4.6.4 Differentiate inverse Trigonometric functions.
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4.7 INTEGRATION
4.7.1 Understand integration as summation.
- Understand that integration is reverse of differentiation.
4.7.2 Perform integration on simple polynomial functions.
4.7.3 Perform integration on exponential functions.
4.7.4 Define definite and indefinite integrals.
4.7.5 Solve problems on all situations above.
4.8 METHODS OF INTEGRATION
4.8.1 Appreciate different forms of partial fractions.
4.8.2 Manipulate partial fractions into different forms.
4.8.3 Use standard substitutions in integration.
4.8.4 Carry out integration by parts.
4.9 APPLICATION OF INTEGRATION
4.9.1 Calculate area under a given curve by integration

.
4.9.2 Calculate volume of solid of revolution by integration.
4.9.3 Use integration methods to find centroids.
4.9.4 Use integration methods to find moment of inertia.
4.9.5 Use of integration in kinematics.
4.9.6 Solve problems by integration on the above.
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4.10 FURTHER TRIGONOMETRY
4.10.1 Use the addition formula on compound angle i.e.
Sin (A ± B), COS (A ± B), Tan (A ± B ¿
4.10.2Sin 2 θ Sin 3θ Sinθ

2
Cos 2θ Cos 3θ Cos θ

2
Tan 2θ Tan 3θ Tan θ

2
4.10.3 Manipulate identities on 10.1 and 10.2.
4.10.4 Solve trigonometrically equations involving compound angles.
4.10.5 Solve practical problems
4.11 SERIES
4.11.1 Appreciate properties of number patterns.
4.11.2 Distinguish Arithmetic Progressions and Geometric Progressions and find

summations.
4.11.3 Solve practical problems of A.P and G.P.
4.12 BINOMIAL THEOREM
4.12.1 Solve general practical/industrial problems on the application of G.P.
4.12.2 Expand Binomial expressions using Pascal’s Triangle method.
4.12.3 Understand simple cases of permutation and combinations.
4.12.4 Use of general Binomial Theorem on positive integral indices.
4.12.5 Application of Binomial Theorem for any index.
4.12.6 Practical application of Binomial Theorem in problems solving.

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4.13 COMPLEX NUMBERS
4.13.1 Define the terms Modulus and Argument of a complex number.
- Be able to identify the conjugate of a complex number.

- Be able to distinguish between the polar and Cartesian forms of a complex
number.
- Solve problems on the above.
4.13.2 Represent complex numbers in an Argand diagram.
- Use of Argand diagram to solve problems.
4.13.3 Apply de’Moivre’s Theorem for positive and negative exponent.
4.13.4 Apply de’Moivre’s Theorem for rational exponent.
4.14 MATRICES
4.14.1 Add, subtract and multiply Matrices.
4.14.2 Identify the identity Matrix.
4.1.4.3 Determine the inverse of a matrix.
4.14.3 Identify the transpose of a matrix.
4.1.4.5 Use determinants in matrix operations:
- Apply Rules of Sarrus.

- Use determinant method in equation solving.
4.14.6 Apply the above principles in more complex situations.
4.15 FURTHER VECTORS
4.15.1 Be able to use the principles of vector product in three dimensional situations.
4.15.2 Use of vector product – 3D in mechanical applications
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4.15.3 Apply to moment of a force.
4.15.4 Solve problems on the above .
4.16 NUMERICAL METHODS
4.16.1 Be able to apply Newton-Raphson’s method in approximate solution of equations.
4.16.2 Be able to estimate irregular areas by Trapezoidal rule.
4.16.3 Be able to estimate irregular areas by Simpson’s Rule.
4.16.4 Solve problems using above methods.
4.17. GEOMETRICAL APPLICATION OF CALCULUS
4.17.1 Use integration to calculate the arc length in Cartesian coordinates.
- Use integration to calculate length in polar coordinates.
- Use integration to calculate the areas of surface of revolution in Cartesian

coordinates.
4.17.2 Use integration to calculate the areas of surface of revolution in polar coordinates.
4.17.3 Use integration to calculate the radius and radius of a curve in Cartesian
Coordinates.
- Use integration to calculate the radius and radius of a curve in polar

coordinates.
- Identify the conjugate of a complex number.
- Distinguish the polar and Cartesian forms of a complex.
- Solve problems on the above.
4.18 FURTHER DIFFERENTATION
4.18.1 Be able to differentiate successively.
- Find the second differential coefficient in Cartesian Coordinate system.

- Find the second differential coefficient when the equation is given in
parametric form.
4.18.2 Use Maclaurian’s Theorem for algebraic and trigonometric function.
- Express a given function in the form of a series using Maclaurian’s

Theorem.
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- Express a given function in the form of a series using Taylor’s Theorem.
4.18.3 Solve problems using the above theorem.
4.19 HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
4.19.1. “Explain the relationship between exponential and hyperbolic functions.
- Define the six hyperbolic functions.
Sinh x, Cosh x,Tanh x, Sech x,Cosech x,Coth x
4.19.2 Sketch the hyperbolic functions in graphical form.
- Use inverse hyperbolic functions.

- Explain the relation between hyperbolic and trigonometric functions.
4.19.3 Differentiate hyperbolic functions.
- Integrate hyperbolic functions.
4.20 FURTHER INTEGRATION
4.20.1 Apply integration to find Mean Values.
- Use integration to find root mean squares.
4.20.2 Integrate functions involving inverse trigonometric functions.
- Integrate functions involving inverse hyperbolic functions.
4.20.3 Solve problems.
4.21 PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION
4.21.1 To understand the concept of partial differentiation.
- Use the principle of total differential/total derivative.

- Use partial derivatives in small changes.
- Used partial derivatives for “rate of change”
4.21.2 Solve problems with practical applications.
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4.22 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
4.10.3 Be able to form differential equations.
(a) Solve first order differential equations

using separating variables method.
(b) Use substitution on first order differential equations.
(c) Be able to understand the concepts.
- Complementary function.
- A particular integral in second order differential equation.
(d) Use substitution method for second order differential equations.

(e) Use operator ‘D’ method.
(f) Solve problems on the above.
4.23 THEORY OF PROBABILITY
4.23.1 Application of probability
- Apply them in simple situations connected with

independent events.
- Apply them to dependent events.
- Use a diagram in solving problems.
4.23.2 Use Binomial distribution in simple situations.
4.23.3 Use Poison’s distribution in simple situations.
4.23.4 Use different methods based on the above for problem solving.
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5.0 SUGGESTED REFERENCEBOOKS
1. Stroud 2013 Engineering Mathematics, 7th Edition Industrial Press
2. Stroud 2011 Further Engineering Mathematics Industrial Press
3. J.O. Bird and May 1994 Technician Mathematics Vol. 3,4, and 5 Longman
Topic Number of Weightin Number of

Hours g Questions
Theory of Quadratics 25 12 1
Remainder theorem
Limits
Differentiation 25 12 1
Application of Differentiation
Further Differentiation
Integration 25 12 1
Methods of Integration
Application of integration
Further trigonometry 25 12 1
Series
Binomial Theorem
Complex Numbers 25 12 1
Matrices
Further Vectors
Numerical methods 25 12 1
Geometrical application of
Calculus
Further differentiation 30 14 1
Hyperbolic function
Further Integration
Partial Differentiation 30 14 1
Differential Equations
Theory of Probability
Total 210 Hours 100% 8
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SUBJECT TITLE: APPLIED MECHANICS SYLLABUS
DURATION: 140 HOURS
1.0 AIM
To equip the student with Applied Mechanics skills and their applications in
industry
2.0 OBJECTIVES
2.1 apply principles of statics in problem solving
2.2 apply principles of moments and volumes
2.3 use laws of motion to solve problems
2.4 use friction principles to solve problems
3.0 TOPICS
UNITS UNIT TUTLES TOPIC

3.1 General principle of 1. Vectors and their operations
statics 2. Principle of moments
3.2 Equilibrium 1. Conditions of equilibrium
3.3 Structural Analysis 1. Statics of trusses
2. Statics of beams
3.4 Friction 1. Friction on the inclined plane
2. Friction of flat and Vee belts
3. Friction on screws
3.5 Hydrostatics 1. Hydrostatic forces on plane submerged
surfaces
3.6 Moments of Inertia 1. Defining centroid and moments of inertia using
the method of integration
3.7 Kinematics of a particle 1. Rectilinear and curvilinear motion
2. Projectiles
3. Relative motion
3.8 Dynamics 1. Newton’s laws of motion
2. Work and Energy
3. Momentum and Impulse for linear and angular
motion
3.1 APPRECIATE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STATICS

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3.1.A Definition of mechanics

3.1.B Define vectors and scalars
3.1.C Define the couple and state the principle of the transformation of a couple
3.1.D State the moment of a force and the principle of moments or Varignon’s
Theorem
3.1.E Solve problems involving the transformation of a coup0le and the resolution
of a force
3.2 UNDERSTAND CONDITIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM OF A BODY
3.2.A Explain the conditions of equilibrium of a body ∑ F x =0 ; ∑ F y =0 and
∑ M =0
3.2.B State and solve problems involving the equilibrium of a co-planar force
system
3.2.C Explain free-body diagrams and support reactions
3.3 UNDERSTAND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
3.3.A Statics of trusses
3.3.A.1State the types of simple trusses
3.3.A.2Solve problems involving frameworks to determine the reactions at the
supports and the forces in the members of the frameworks by using the
following methods:
3.3.A.2.1 the methods of joints
3.3.A.2.2 the method of sections
3.3.A.2.3 the graphical method (force- diagrams)
3.3.B Statics of Beams
3.3.B.1.1 Explain the different types of beam loading and support reactions
3.3.B.1.2 Explain the difference between statically determinate and statically
indeterminate beams
3.3.B.1.3 Calculate the support reactions for beams with concentrated and
uniformly distributed loads.
3.3.B.1.4 Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams and define the
maximum bending moment and points of contra flexure.
3.3.B.1.5 Establish the relationship between the loads, shear force and
bending moment.
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3.4 UNDERSTAND PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION OF FRICTION.
3.4.A State the characteristics of dry friction.
3.4.B Explain with the aid of sketches the static friction, limiting, friction or
maximum value of statics friction and kinetic friction factors.
3.4.C Solve engineering problems involving friction on the inclined plane when the
applied forces are:
- parallel to the plane

- horizontal
3.4.D Calculate the minimum force required to move the body with uniform velocity
up and down the plane.
3.4.E Explain the frictional force on flat and vee belts.
T 1 μα
3.4.F State and apply the formula =e
T2
3.4.G In order to calculate the tension and power transmitted by belt drives.
3.4.H Explain the frictions forces on screws and solve problems concerning wedge
friction.
3.5 SOLVING FLUID PRESSURE PROBLEMS
3.5.A Explain and solve problems on fluid pressure acting on submerged plane
surfaces.
3.5.B Rectangular components (x,y) components, normal and tangential components

cylindrical components (r-θ) components.
3.5.C Solve problems involving the different types of curvilinear motion of a

particle.
3.5.D Define and explain ‘relative’ and absolute velocity, normal and tangential
velocity
and the instantaneous centre as applied to the slider-crank mechanism.
3.5.E Solve problems on 3.5.3 above.
3.6 UNDERSTAND MOMENTS OF AREAS AND VOLUMES

3.6.A Exp lain the centre of gravity and centroid of a body
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3.6.B Calculate the centroids of lines, areas and volumes using the method of
integration
3.6.C Define moments of inertia for areas and volumes
3.6.D Explain the parallel and perpendicular axes theorem
3.6.E Define the radius of gyration of an area and volume
3.6.F Solve problems involving the moments of inertia of areas and volumes
3.7 APPRECIATE KINEMATICS OF A PARTICLE

3.7.A Explain rectilinear and curvilinear motion
3.7.B Using equations of rectilinear motion solve problems on the motion of a
particle
3.7.C Establish the relationship between linear and angular motion
3.7.D Explain oblique projection of a projectile and define:
3.7.D.1the range
3.7.D.2the time of flight
3.7.D.3the maximum height
3.7.E Explain the projection of a projectile on the inclined plane and define:
3.7.E.1 the range
3.7.E.2 the time of flight
3.7.E.3 the maximum height reached
3.7.F Solve problems on 3.7.4 and 3.7.5
3.7.G Explain the curvilinear motion of a particle (displacement, velocity and
acceleration)
3.7.H Rectangular components (x,y) components, normal and tangential components
(n,t) and cylindrical components (r-∅) components
3.7.I Solve problems involving the different types of curvilinear motion of a
particle
3.7.J Define and explain ‘relative’ and absolute velocity, normal and tangential
velocity and the instantaneous centre as applied to the slider-crank mechanism
3.7.K Solve problems on 3.7.10 above
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3.8 DYNAMICS (FORCE, ACCELE RATION, MOMENTUM, WORK,

ENERGY AND POWER
3.8.A State Newton’s laws of motion.

3.8.B Solve problems on force, mass and acceleration.
3.8.C Explain the dynamics of a body rotating about a fixed point (Torque and
angular acceleration)
3.8.D State the principle of work and energy for a system of particles.
3.8.E Solve problems on the principle of work and energy.
3.8.F State the energy equation and the principle of conservation of energy. Solve
problems involving the conservation of energy principle.
3.8.G State the formula used to determine the work-done and the power transmitted
by a variable force and torque.
3.8.H Solve problems on (7) above.
3.8.I Define:
- Linear momentum
- Angular momentum
- Impulse
3.8.J State the laws of conservation of linear and angular momentum.

3.8.K Solve problems on 3.6.9 and 3.6.10 above.
Author Year Title Publisher

Clemens A.B 1906 Applied Mechanics and Strength of International
Materials Textbook Company
Pratap R 2009 Introduction to Statics and Dynamics Cornell University
Krodkiewki J 2008 Mechanics of Rigid Body
Housner G.W and 1980 Applied Mechanics Dynamics California Institute of
Hudson D.E Technology
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Topics Number of Hours Weigh Number of Questions

t
General principle of 21 15 1
statics
Equilibrium
Structural Analysis 21 15 1
Friction 21 15 1
Hydrostatics 14 10 1
Moment of Inertia 14 10 1
Kinematics of particles 28 20 2
Dynamics 21 15 1
Total 140 Hours 100% 8
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SUBJECT TITLE: MECHANICS OF MACHINES (COMMON TO PLANT DDT

AND PRODUCTION)
DURATION: 140 HOURS
1.0 AIM
The AIM is to provide the student with knowledge and skill to apply Mechanics
Machines principles to solve problems.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
2.1 Apply principles of Kinematics to solve Engineering problems.

2.2 Apply principles of static balancing.
2.3 Identify gear teeth profiles.
2.4 Identify vibration behaviour of machines.
UNIT UNIT TITLES TOPICS

S
A Kinematics 1. Absolute and relative velocity principle
2. Instantaneous or virtual centres method
3. Velocity and acceleration methods
4. Quick return mechanisms
B Balancing 1. Static balancing
2. Dynamic balancing
C Gears 1. Gear tooth profiles
2. Uniform velocity ratio
3. Single epicyclic gear trains
D Friction 1. Friction, lubrication and wear
(a) Belt drives
(b) Plate Arial Cone Clutches
(c) Band brakes and dynamometers
E Mechanical 1. Linear vibrations with free response
Vibrations 2. Vibration Control
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3.0 TOPICS
 KINEMATICS
 BALANCING
 GEARS
 FRICTION
 MECHANICAL VIBRATION
4.0 CONTENT
4.1. KINEMATICS
4.1.1 Understand the behaviour of link mechanisms.
- Use the relative velocity principle to find absolute and relative velocities
of points on a link.
4.1.2 Apply the instantaneous method.
- Locate the instantaneous centres of rotation of a link with plane motion

e.g. connecting rod in ICE.
- Calculate the linear and angular velocities using this method for the
connecting link in an ICE.
4.1.3 Describe the velocity and acceleration methods.
- Determine velocities using the vector velocity diagrams method for crank-
slide and four-bar chain mechanisms.
- Determine accelerations using the vector acceleration diagrams method for
the above mechanisms.
4.1.4 Appreciate the use of quick return mechanisms
- Analyse and solve for velocities and accelerations using the

velocity and acceleration diagram methods
4.1.5 Know the application and advantages of these mechanisms.
4.2 BALANCING
4.2.1 Understand and appreciate the need for static balancing in machines.
- Determine the centripetal force and centrifugal force.

- Balance masses statically by using vector diagrams e.g. face plate lathe,
car wheels and grinder etc.
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4.2.2 Understand and appreciate need for dynamic balancing of machines.
- balance inertia forces by counter balances.

- State the conditions for complete dynamic balancing
- Maintain or demonstrate balancing in practices.
4.3 GEARS
4.3.1 Understand how tooth profiles are generated.
- Generate the involutes form, construct, tooth profile

- Define gear parameters and their relations.
- Apply gear proportions in calculations.
- Determine a minimum number of teeth to avoid undercutting.
4.3.2 Explain the conditions for uniform velocity ratio (Vr).
- Deduce the conditions for uniform velocity.

- Determine the line action. (PATH OF CONTACT)
- Determine the sliding velocity.
- Determine the contact ratio for straight line teeth.
4.3.3 Understand the applications of basic gear trains.
4.3.4 Determine speed ratios, torque and power (efficiency) for single and multi-
stage gear trains.
4.3.5 State the advantages of epicylic gear trains as to single trains.
4.3.6 Determine the speed ratios by fixing different members of the epicyclic train.
4.4 FRICTION
4.4.1 Understand and appreciate friction applications.
- Analyse different types of frictions (dry, rolling, internal and fluid) and
wear effects.
Explain mechanism of wear abrasion, adhesion and surface fatigue.
- Explain methods of lubrication (hydro-static and hydro-dynamic) and

elasto-dynamic and solid lubrication.
- Explain the uses of different types of bearings (journal ball and roller).
- derive Petroff’s equation and perform calculations using the above

equation.
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- Solve problems involving journal bearings.
4.4.2 Understand friction applications.
- Calculate the tensions, torque and power transmitted, for flat and v-belts
(number of belts).
4.4.3 Calculate axial force, torque and power transmitted by plate

clutches.
4.4.4 Calculate tensions, torque and energy dissipated in band brakes.
4.4.5 Apply dynamometers in measuring the torque.
4.5 MECHANICAL VIBRATION
4.5.1 Explain and behaviour vibration in machines.
- Analyse and deduce the equation of motion of a single degree vibrating

body for both undamped cases.
- Calculate the maximum amplitude and the natural frequency of the
system.
4.5.2 Understand the methods used in controlling vibrations in machinery.
1. J. Grosjean 1986 Principles of Dynamics Nelson Thones Limited
2. G. H Ryder 1990 Mechanics of Machines McMillan ELBS, London
3. J.F. Shelley 1980 Engineering Mechanics McGraw-Hill
4. Hannar& Stephens 1970 Mechanics of Machines (Elementary Theory & Examples
5. Hannar& Stephens 1972 Mechanics of Machines (Advanced Theory & examples)
6. G.D Jones (ELSB) 1989 Mechanical Engineering Science Longman
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TOPIC NO. OF WEIGHT % NO. OF

HOURS QUESTIONS
1 KINEMATICS 36 26 2
2 BALANCING 16 11 1
3 GEARS 36 26 2
4 FRICTION 36 26 2
5 MECHANICAL 16 11 1
VIBRATIONS
TOTAL 140 100 8
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SUBJECT TITLE: MACHINE DESIGN
DURATION: 140 HOURS
1.0 AIM
To equip the student with the principles of Machine Designing and their application.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
2.1. Apply principles of machine component design techniques.

2.2. Relate phases of design process.
2.3. Design machine components.
UNIT UNIT TITLES TOPICS

S
A. Introduction 1. Scope of the Subject
2. Phases of the Design Process
3. Design Considerations
B. Gearing 1. Elementary theory of shape of involute teeth
2. Draw spur gears and construct tooth profiles.
3. (a) Calculation of gear wheel centre distances
for spur and helical gears (spiral angle for
helical gears)
(b) Effects of varying centre distances
4. Worm gears and applications.
5. Bevel gears and applications.(3 Welded joints
C. Joints 1. Bolted and screw joints
2. Locking devices (fasterners)
D. Shafts and Couplings 1. Solid and hollow shafts under combined
bending and torsion
2. Keys and seals
3. Rigid and flexible couplings
4. Power transmission screws (translation screws)
E. Lifting Tackle 1. Wire rope and wire rope pulley
2. Chain and sprocket drives
3. Types and selection for haulage purposes
F. Brakes 1. Design of shoe/block brakes
G. Springs 1. Design of helical springs
2. Design of leaf springs
H. Bearing Selection 1. Selection of bearing type and materials
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2. Bearing loading and power loss.

3. Anti-friction bearings
i) journal
ii) roller
iii) ball
Selection of Lubrication 1. Lubricant types
Systems in machine design i) Gravity
I. ii) Pressurized
iii) Spray
iv) Splash
J. Material Selection and i) Heat treatment
Treatment to reduce wear ii) Surface coating
iii) Material choice
K. Seals i) Application of seals and their purposes
ii) Rubbing and non-rubbing seals materials
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.1.1 Understand the scope of the subject.
- Define design, mechanical engineering design, machine design and

drawing.
- List the attributes of a good designer.
4.1.2 Understand and follow the phases of the design process in any given design
situation.
4.1.3 Recognise the need or requirement for design.
4.1.4 Set the objectives of the design.
4.1.5 Analyse and optimise each element of the design.
4.1.6 Synthesise the optimum solution.
4.1.7 Evaluate the solution.
4.1.8 Present and commission the design.
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4.1.8 Understand and consider all design considerations for a given situation.
4.1.10 List:-
(a) Mechanical factors

(b) Thermal properties
(c) Electrical and magnetic properties
(d) Physical considerations
(e) Consumer considerations
(f) Economic considerations
(g) Legal considerations
4.2 GEARING
4.2.1 Understand the theory of shape involute teeth.
- Generate the involute form/shape

- Define and relate gear tooth proportions.
Ft
- Design spur gears using the Lewis Formula σ b=
My k v b
4.2.2 Understand how to draw spur gears and construct tooth profiles.
4.2.3 Draw the gear tooth profiles using calculated values.
4.2.4 Construct at least five meshing teeth of a gear system (tooth profiles).
4.2.5 Understand how to calculate centre distances and the effects of varying them.
4.2.6 Calculate gear wheel centre distances from the pitch circles diameter for both spur
and helical gears.
4.2.7 Calculate the spiral angle for helical gears.
4.2.8 List what parameters of gear wheels are affected by varying the centre distance
and calculate their new values.
4.2.9 Design at least at two stage stage spur – gear box.
4.2.10 Understand and appreciate worm gears and their applications.
4.2.11 Compare worm gears to spur gears.
4.2.12 List the advantages and disadvantages of worm gears as well as their applications.
4.2.13 Understand and appreciate bevel gears and their applications.
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4.2.14 Compare bevel gears to spur gears.
4.2.15 List the applications of bevel gears as well as advantages and disadvantages.
4.3 JOINTS
4.3.1 Understand how to design various joints of machine elements.
4.3.2 Design bolts in terms of strength.
4.3.3 Classify and select appropriate fasteners for given threaded joints.
4.3.4 Design welded joints (butt and fillet).
4.3.5 Design knuckle and cotter joints.
4.4 SHAFTS AND COUPLINGS
Design solid and hollow shafts.
4.4.1 Design shafts under bending loads.
4.4.2 Design shafts under twisting/torsional loads.
4.4.3 Design shafts under the combination of bending and torsion.
Understand how keys are designed for locking purposes.
4.4.4 Design rectangular and square keys for shafts under bending and torsion.
4.4.5 Understand the design of couplings and applications.
- Design rigid couplings (sleeve, flange).
- Design flexible couplings (tooth-type, double-slider etc).
- List advantages and disadvantages of both the above.
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Understand the design of power screws and their applications.
4.4.6 List advantages of power screws.
4.4.7 List the applications of power screws.
4.4.8 Design power translative screws.
4.5 LIFTING TACKLE
4.5.1 Understand the design of wire rope hoists.
- Design wire rope lifting hoists.
- Select wire rope pulleys.
4.5.2 Understand the design of chain drives.
- design chain drives and select sprockets.
4.5.3 Understand different types of haulage hooks.
- Select appropriate haulage hooks for given lifting purposes.
4.6 SPRINGS
4.6.1 Understand the design of springs.
- List the uses of springs.
- List the advantages of helical springs over other forms.
- Design helical springs.
- Design leaf springs.
4.7 BEARING SELECTION
4.7.1 Understand the application of tribology in design
- Explain the characteristics used in bearing selection.
- Identify materials used for bearing types.
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- Perform bearing loading calculations for journal and rolling element

bearings and use them for selection.
- Discuss the characteristics of the following types of bearings:
a) journal bearings
b) ball bearings.
c) roller
d) needle bearings.
4.8 LUBRICATION SYSTEMS
4.8.1 State and explain the types of lubricant. Discuss the following lubrication
regimes:
- boundary lubrication
- hydrodynamic
- Elasto- hydrodynamic
- Solid film
Explain their application in machine design.
4.8.2 Understand and select lubrication systems
- gravity
- pressurized
- splash
- dipping
4.9 MATERIAL SELECTION FOR CONTROL OF FRICTION AND WEAR.
4.9.1 Apply surface finishing hardening from heat treatment.
4.9.2 Use of surface coatings PTFE to components.
4.9.3 Select the right alloys to control friction and wear.
4.10 SEALS
4.10.1 Functions of seals
4.10.2 Types of seals and non-rubbing seals.
4.10.3 Materials for seals.
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1. J.E Shigley 2003 Mechanical Engineering Design McGraw-Hill
2. H Black 1983 Machine Design McGraw-Hill
3. B Hawkes & R Abimett 1984 Engineering Design for Technicians Pitman
4. V R Hamilton & R V Settefield 1985 The Elements of Advanced Machine Design
5. Hall, Holowenko, Laughlim 1988 Design (Theory & Problems
6. R D Amell, PB Davies, Principles and Design Application

J. Halling and T.L. Whome.
7. J.K Gupta, R.S. Khurmi 2004 A text Book for Machine Design EPH Eurasia
.
TOPIC NO OF HOURS WEIGHTING NO. OF

% QUESTIONS
1 DESIGN PROCESS 16 11 1
2 BEARING 16 11 1
3 JOINTS 20 15 1
4 SHAFTS AND 20 15 1
COUPLINGS
5 LIFTING TACKLE 36 26 2
(WIRE ROPES AND
CHAIN DRIVES)
6 BRAKES 16 11 1
7 SPRINGS 16 11 1
TOTAL 140 100% 8
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SUBJECT TITLE: FLUID MECHANICS

(COMMON TO PLANT, DDT AND PRODUCTION)
DURATION: 120 HOURS
1.0 AIM
1.1 To equip the student with the principles of Fluid Mechanics and the applications
in industry.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
2.1 apply principles of fluid statics to solve problems.

2.2 explain flow measurement in fluids.
2.3 relate motion of fluids.
2.4 explain losses of energy in pipe lines.
3.0 TOPICS
 INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION OF TERMS

 FLUID STATICS
 HYDROKINETICS
 FLOW MEASUREMENTS
 FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL
 LOSSES OF ENERGY IN PIPELINES
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION OF TERMS
4.1.1 Fluid Properties and Definitions
- Understand the properties and definitions of fluids

- Define a fluid
du
- Derive from first principles z=μ
dy
- Outline the classification of Non-Newtonian fluids into:
(a) Plastic substances
(b) Pseudo-plastic substances
(c) Dilatants substances
(d) Thixotropic substances
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(e) Rheopectic materials
- State the characteristic differences between solids and fluids.
- Define the following properties stating the units and dimensions:
(a) Mass density

(b) Relative density
(c) Specific volume
(d) Viscosity (kinematic and dynamic)
(e) Bulk modulus of elasticity
(f) Vapour pressure
(g) Surface tension and capillarity
- Solve problems on concepts outlined in 4.1.1 to 4.1.3 above.
4.2 FLUID STATICS
4.2.1 Demonstrate an understanding of the concepts of fluid mechanics
4.2.2 Static pressure and head
- Derive Pascal’s law for pressure at a point
- Define and establish the relationships between.
(a) atmospheric pressure

(b) absolute pressure
(c) Gauge pressure
(d) Vacuum gauge pressure.
- Derive from first principles the expressions for the variation of

atmospheric pressure with altitude under the following conditions:
(a) Isothermal
(b) Adiabatic
(c) Constant-temperature gradient
- Define the International Standard atmosphere

- Solve problems above.
4.2.3 Fluid Pressure Measurement
- Explain the hydrostatic paradox.
- Describe the measurement of pressure by the following manometers:

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(a) Piezometer
(b) U-tube
(c) Inverted U-tube
(d) U-tube with one leg enlarged
(e) U-tube with inclined leg
(f) Differential manometer
4.2.4 Identify the limitations on the use of the manometer.
4.2.5 Solve problems on fluid pressure measurement.
Hydrostatic forces on surfaces.
4.2.6 Derive equations for hydrostatic pressure on:
(a) Plane areas

(b) Curved areas
4.2.7 Define the centre of pressure

4.2.8 Explain that the areas of pressure distribution diagrams (PDD) represent the force
acting per unit length.
4.2.9 Solve problems involving 2.3.1 to 2.3.3 above.
Buoyancy and stability of floating bodies.
4.2.10 Define and give examples of the following equilibrium states:
a) Stable equilibrium
b) Unstable equilibrium
c) Neutral equilibrium
4.2.11 State Archimedes’ principle

4.2.12 Explain the stability of floating and submerged bodies.
4.2.13 Define the following terms:
a) Centre of buoyancy
b) Metacentre
c) Metacentric radius
d) Metacentric height
4.2.14 Derive from first principles the equation for metacentric radius BM = I/V.
4.2.15 Derive the expression for the periodic time for oscillation.
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K2
t=2 π
√ GMg
4.2.16 Solve problems on buoyancy
Fluids in relative equilibrium
4.2.17 Derive the equation for the pressure in a fluid in relative equilibrium
4.2.18 Describe and explain forced vortices
4.2.19 Solve problems on fluids in relative equilibrium.
4.3 HYDROKINETICS
4.3.1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of fluid flow.
Fluids in motion
- Define the following terms:
a) Pathline
b) Streamline
c) Streamtube
- Define and give examples of the following types of flow.
a) steady
b) uniform
c) non-uniform
d) steady non-uniform
e) unsteady uniform
f) unsteady non-uniform
- Define 1 – 2 and 3 dimensional flow

- Explain laminar and turbulent flow
- Describe Reynold’s experiment
- Derive the equation of continuity of flow
- Solve problems on fluids in motion.
4.3.2 Fluid Momentum
a) State the momentum equation F=ṁ( v2 −V 1)

b) Derive the momentum equation for 2 – and 3 – dimensional flow.
c) Explain the momentum correction factor.
d) Applications of the momentum equation to solve problems on:
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i) force exerted by a jet

ii) force due to the deflection of a jet by a curved vane
iii) force exerted on pipe bend and closed conduits.
ρ V2
e) Derive Bernoullis’ equation from first principles + + z=H
ρg 2 g
f) Solve problems on Bernoulis’ equation.
4.4. FLOW MEASUREMENTS
4.4.1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principle of action of flow measuring

devices.
4.4.2 Describe the construction and principles of action of the following:
a) the venturimeter
b) the pipe –orificemeter
c) the pitot – tube
4.4.3 deduce the expression for the discharge through a small orifice
4.4.4 solve problems on the theory outlined in (a) to (b) above.
4.5 FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL
4.5.1 Demonstrate a general understanding of flow in open channels.
4.5.2 Outline the theory of discharge through a large orifice.

4.5.3 Derive the expressions for the discharge through:
a) A notch
b) A rectangular notch
c) A Vee-notch.
4.5.4 Explain Bazins formula for a rectangular notch.

4.5.5 State Basins and Reblock formula.
4.5.6 Explain with the aid of diagrams the following nappes, free, depressed,
clinging and drowned.
4.5.7 Solve problems using the theory outlined from 5.1.1 to 5.1.4.
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4.6 LOSSES OF ENERGY IN PIPELINES
4.6.1 Show an appreciation of losses of energy in pipelines.
- Define the following losses:
(a) Friction losses (Darcy’s formula)

(b) Separation (shock) losses.
(c) Pipe fitting losses.
4.6.2 Derive the expression for the loss due to sudden expansion (Borda –Carrot
relationship).
4.6.3 Explain the equivalent length for pipe fittings
4.6.4 Solve problems on losses of energy in pipelines.
1. Douglas J.F. (1979) Fluid Mechanics - Pitman

Gasiorck J.M
&Swaffield J.A.
2. Messey 1998 Mechanics of Fluids ELBS
3. Hewakandamby 2012 A First Course in Fluid Bookboon

N.B Mechanics for Engineers
4. Genick B.M 2009 Basics of Fluid Mechanics University

Press of
Florida
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6. ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATION GRID
TOPIC NO. OF WEIGHTING% NO. OF

HOURS QUESTIONS
1 INTRODUCTION AND 12 10 1
DEFINITION OF TERMS
2 FLUID STATICS 34 24 2
3 HYDROKINETICS 34 24 2
4 FLOW MEASUREMENTS 18 12 1
5 FLOW IN OPEN 21 15 1
CHANNEL
6 LOSSES OF ENERGY IN 21 15 1
PIPELINES
TOTAL 120 100 8
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SUBJECT TITLE: STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
DURATION: 140 HOURS
1.1 AIM
To provide the student with the principles of strength of materials and their application.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
2.1 apply the principles of strength of materials to solve problems.
2.2 relate types of stresses set up in the materials to design.
2.3 identify conditions of material failure when in operation.
3.0 TOPICS
UNIT TITLE TOPICS
A. Normal Stresses and 1. The Stress-Strain Relationship
Strains 2. Safe Working Stress
3. Elastic Strain Energy
4. Impact Stress
5. Ductile & Brittle Materials
6. Poisson’s Ratio and the General Strain Equation
7. The Effect of Constraints
8. Stresses and Strains in thin wall pressure vessels.
B. Shear Stresses and 1. Definition of shear stress & strain, and shear modulus.
Strains 2. Complementary shear stresses.
3. Analysis of torsion in thin wall circular sections.
4. Analysis of torsion in solid and hollow circular sections
to derive the equation
5. Torsion in stepped shafts.
6. Power transmission by circular shafts.
C Stresses and 1. Assumptions for elastic bending
Deflections in Beams 2. Derivation of General Equation of Bending
M o E
= =
I y R
3. Stresses due to simple bending.
4. Stresses due to combined bending moment and axial
force.
5. Calculation of slopes and deflections
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6. Drawing SF & BM diagrams for statically

indeterminate beams
D. Combination of 1. Introduction
Normal and Shear 2. Analysis of combined stresses in 2D (plane stress)
Stresses system.
3. Application to shafts subject to combined torsion and
bending.
4. Analysis of 2D strains and resulting shear stress taking
the third dimension into account.
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 NORMAL STRESSES AND STRAINS
4.1.1 The Stress – Strain Relationship
4.1.1.1 Define normal stress and strain.

4.1.1.2 Understand the o−∈ graph exhibits no clear yield point.
4.1.1.3 Understand Hooke’s Law and the significance of Young’s Modulus (E).
4.1.1.4 Perform simple stress and strain calculations.
4.1.2 Safe Working Stress

4.1.2.1 Understand the concept of yield stress.
4.1.2.2 Calculate the 0.2% yield stress where the o-∈ graph exhibits no clear yield
point.
4.1.2.3 Understand the influence of cyclic stress patterns, impact loading and stress
concentration factor on the selection of a safe working stress for both ductile
and brittle materials.
4.1.2.4 Select a safe working stress given the material characteristics and operating
conditions
4.1.3 Elastic Strain Energy (SE)
4.1.3.1 Perform simple calculations on the SE stored in stressed materials.

4.1.3.2 Explain practical applications of stored SE.
4.1.4 Impact Stresses
4.1.4.1 Perform simplified calculations on the stresses caused by impact.

4.1.4.2 Appreciate that impact stresses may be very high.
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4.1.5 Ductile and Brittle materials
4.1.5.1 State the differences in behaviour between ductile and brittle materials.
4.1.5.2 Understand the factors which may cause normally ductile materials to fail in
a brittle mode.
4.1.6 Poisson’s Ratio and the General Stain Equation
4.1.6.1 Understand the way in which axial stresses result in both axial and
transverse strains.
4.1.6.2 Understand thermal strains.
4.1.6.3 Construct the General Strain Equation from 6.1 and 6.2.
4.1.6.4 Perform simple calculations on dimensional changes in unconstrained bodies.
4.1.7 The Effect of Constraints

4.1.7.1 Understand the Principle of Compatibility of deformations and constraints
4.1.7.2 Apply the principle of compatibility to perform calculations in situations
where mechanical and thermal strains are modified by constraints.
4.1.8 Stresses & Strains in Thin wall Pressure Vessels

4.1.8.1 Able to analyse the stresses and strains in thin wall cylinders and spheres
subject to internal pressure
4.1.8.2 Able to perform corresponding calculations.
4.2 SHEAR STRESSES AND STRAINS

4.2.1 Definition of shear stress and strain and shear modulus
4.2.1.1 Understand the concepts and state the definitions of T, y and G
4.2.2 Complementary Shear Stresses

4.2.2.1 Able to prove that equal shear stresses exist on mutually orthogonal planes.
4.2.2.2 Understand and able to use the double subscript notation for shear stresses.
4.2.3 Analysis of Torsion in Thinwall Circular Sections

4.2.3.1 Able to derive expressions for the relationship between torque, stress and
angle of twist for thinwall circular sections
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4.2.3.2 Apply 4.2.3.1 to simple calculations
4.2.4 Analysis of Torsion in Solid & Hollow Circular Sectuions

4.2.4.1 Able to state any assumptions made
τ τ Gθ
4.2.4.2 Able to derive the equation = =
J r l
4.2.4.3 Able to use 4.2.4.2 in simple calculations
4.2.5 Torsion in Stepped Shafts

4.2.5.1 Able to apply 4.2 statically determine and indeterminate stepped shafts.
4.2.6 Power Transmission by Circular Shafts

4.2.6.1 Perform calculations on simple shafts
4.2.6.2 Perform calculations on stepped shafts with intermediate power take off
points.
4.2.7 The Problem Fatigue in Shafts

4.2.7.1 Understand effect of holes, cracks, steps and keyways as stress raisers.
4.2.7.2 Understand the stress concentration factor (SCF k = maximum stress
/average stress).
4.2.7.3 Understand the mechanism of fatigue and the use of good design and factors
of safety (F of S) to prevent fatigue failure.
4.2.7.4 Perform simple calculations using SCF and F of S, to analysis shafts subject
to cyclic stresses.
4.3 STRESSES AND DEFLECTIONS IN BEAMS
4.3.1 Assumptions for Elastics Bending
4.3.1.1 Understand and be able to state the main assumptions used in the theory of
the bending of beams.
4.3.2 Derivation of the General Equation of Bending

4.3.2.1 Able to derive the general equation of bending from first principles
4.3.3 Stresses Due to Simple Bending (σ ¿

4.3.3.1 Able to find the section elastic modulus (Z) for common engineering
sections.
4.3.3.2 Understand why some sections are more efficient than other, and how
sections may be used in a right or wrong orientation.
4.3.3.3 Able to perform simple calculations of bending stress.
4.3.4 Stresses Due to combined bending moment and axial force
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4.3.4.1 Able to perform normal stress calculations on members subject to combined

BM and AF
4.3.5 Slopes and Deflections in Beams
4.3.5.1 Able to develop the General Equation of bending to permit the calculation of
slopes and deflections.
4.3.5.2 Able to calculate slope and deflections for statically determinate and first
degree statically indeterminate beams using Macaulay’s Method (and the
singularity function) and by the moment area method.
4.3.5.3 Able to calculate the deflection of stepped beams using the moment area
method.
4.3.5.4 Able to draw SF & BM diagrams for first degree statistically indeterminate
beams, including the use of super position.
4.4 Combination of Normal & Shear Stresses

4.4.1 Introduction
4.4.1.1 Be familiar with some common examples of combined normal & shear stress
4.4.2 Analysis of 2D (Plane Stress System
4.4.2.1 Understand the analysis of a plane stress system
4.4.2.2 Able to construct the Mohr’s Circle of stress from given stress data.
4.4.2.3 Able to find the principle normal and maximum shear stresses from the
Mohrs Circle.
4.4.3 Application to shafts subjects to combined torsion and bending
4.4.3.1 Able to calculate the maximum normal and maximum shear stress in a shaft
subject to both torsion & bending.
4.4.4 Analysis of strains resulting from a plane stress system
4.4.4.1 Notes that the results of the biaxial strain analysis are analogous to those
from the biaxial stress analysis.
4.4.4.2 Able to construct the Mohr’s circle of strain.
4.4.4.3 Able to find the principle normal strains from the Mohr’s circle, and hence
the principal normal stresses (σ 1 ∧σ 2 ¿
4.4.5 Determination of Maximum Shear Stress, Taking Third Dimension into
Account
4.4.5.1 Able to draw the three Mohr’s Circle relating to σ 1 ∝ σ 2and σ 3 =0
4.4.5.2 Able to calculate the maximum shear stress from these circles.
4.5 TRANSVERSE SHEAR STRESSES IN BEAMS
4.5.1 Transverse Shear Stresses

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VQ
4.5.1.1 Able to state, without proof the transverse shear stress equation, τ =
Ib
4.5.1.2 Able to apply this equation to I-beams subject to combined bending and
shear.
4.6 FAILURE CRITERIA FOR DUCTILE AND BRITTLE MATERIALS

4.6.1 Failure Criteria for Ductile Materials
4.6.1.1 Able to apply the maximum shear stress and maximum shear strain energy
criteria to determine whether failure is likely under the given stress
conditions.
4.6.2 Failure Criteria for Brittle Materials
4.6.2.1 Able to apply the failure criteria for brittle materials, based on ultimate
tensile and compressive stress, to determine whether failure is likely under
the given stress conditions.
RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS
a. APPLIED MECHANICS
Meriam and Kraige (2013) Engineering Mechanical Statics 5th Edition
Hibeller R.C (2012) Engineering Mechanics Prentice Hall
Jones (1990) Mechanical Engineering Science Longman
Walker K.M (2007) Applied Mechanics for Engineering Prentice Hall
Pihtili H (2013) Tribology in Engineering InTech
b. STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Hearn (1997) Mechanics of Materials 2 Butterworth-Heinmann
Benham P.P (1976 Mechanics of Solids and Structures Pitman Publishers
Benham P.P (1987) Mechanics of Engineering Materials Pitman Publishers
Timoshenko (1983) Strength of Materials Pitman Publishers
Jones D.J. (1989) Mechanical Engineering Science ELBS
Dupen B (2012) Applied Strength of Materials Purdue University
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Power F.A (2011) Applied Mechanics for Solids CRC Press
Hosung Kim (2013) Mechanics of Solids and Fracture Bookboon
Belov A (2012) Applied Fracture Mechanics InTech
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SUBJECT: ENGINEERING DRAWING
DURATION: 140 HOURS
4.7 AIM
To equip the student with skills needed to produce working engineering drawings
2.0 OBJECTIVES
2.1 To appreciate the range of materials and equipment required, to include sizes of
sheets, types and quality available for use.
2.2 To identify a suitable paper for reproduction by one printing or other processes.
2.3 To apply Engineering Drawing techniques to produce working engineering drawings
3.0 TOPICS
 DRAWING STANDARDS
 SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN OF A PRODUCT
 ORTHOGRAPHIC WORKING DRAWINGS
 DIMENSIONS AND THE USE OF BS 4500 DATA SHEETS
 ELEMENTS OF JIGS AND FIXTURES
 CAMS
 LOCI
 PICTORIAL AND ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS
 STANDARD COMPONENTS
 BASIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS (ELECTRICAL, HYDRAULIC, PNEUMATIC)
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 DRAWING STANDARDS
4.1.1 State the reasons for using different types of paper and standard sizes of sheets for
layouts and drawings.
4.1.2 Use title blocks and parts lists which include materials and treatment of
component parts.
4.1.3 Show methods used for identifying individual component part (i.e. items
numbers).
4.1.4 State need for an effective numbering system on drawing.

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4.1.5 State the importance of an effective relationship between the drawing office and
other departments.
4.1.6 List methods currently available for the reproduction of drawings.
4.2 SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN OF A PRODUCT
4.2.1 Appreciate the more important factors which may influence the design of a
product and its subsequent production, and the presentation by the draughtsman of
the resulting detail drawings required for their manufacture.
4.2.2 Give reasons to show that the working drawing produced from the drawings
produced by the drawing officer for any given product are influenced by its
functional specialization in respect of the choice of materials, manufacturing
processes and by costs.
4.2.3 Specify a suitable material for the production of common and basic engineering
components on a detail drawing in accordance with current B S specifications.
4.2.4 Give reasons for the choice of materials specified in (4.2.2).
4.2.5 State the factors which may influence the choice of each of the following
processes for a given component.
- casting
- forging
- fabrication by welding
- forming using press tools.
4.2.6 State the advantages to be obtained from using the following metal finishing
processes and the factors which may influence the choice.
- galvanising
- plating
- metal spraying
- painting.
4.2.7 Show details on commonly used metal finishing processes on detail drawings in
accordance with standard practice.
4.2.8 Show details of required heat treatment processes on detail drawings in

accordance with standard practice.
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4.3 ORTHOGRAPHIC WORKING DRAWINGS
4.3.1 To develop further the ability to interpret and construct working drawings of
more complex components, sub-assemblies and complete assemblies in
the various stages of production.
4.3.2 Apply conventional registration of common features, e.g. screw threads, springs
and gears, to be included as and where appropriate in accordance with B.S. 308.
4.3.3 Prepare working drawings of components to include appropriate conventions,

dimensions, tolerances, machining and welding symbols, title blocks and scales.
4.3.4 Make sketches of a component on site, from a sub-assembly drawing or an

assembly drawing.
4.3.5 Prepare working drawings of the following showing clearly title block, parts list
and modification zone as appropriate:
- a component
- a sub-assembly.
- a full assembly
4.3.6 Identify the following items and show their conventional representation according
to BS 308 requirements on orthographic working drawings, sub-assembly
drawings and assembly drawings including sectional views.
- fasteners
- locking and locating devices
- spigots
- keys and keyways
- splines
- mating faces
- gaskets
- rack, spur and worm gears.
4.4 DIMENSIONING AND THE USE OF BS 4500 DATA SHEETS.
4.4.1 To demonstrate a working knowledge of the requirements and recommendations

of BS 308 in respect of dimensioning.
4.4.2 To select and apply appropriate tolerances to shaft and holes using BS 4500 data
sheets.
4.4.3 Apply the principles of positional and geometrical tolerances to working drawings
of selected components.
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4.4.4 Apply conventional methods of dimensioning to a working drawing to include:
- machining symbols in accordance with BS 308 requirements.

- welding symbols in accordance with BS 499 requirements.
4.4.5 Demonstrate the application of conventional methods of dimensioning working

drawings of selected components which involve measurements from:
- one machine face to another.

- one centre line to another.
- a machine face to a centre line.
- a datum, or reference surfaces.
4.4.6 Show applications on a working drawing of:
- positional tolerances
- geometrical tolerances.
4.4.7 Avoid redundant dimensions and accumulative errors in dimensioning a

component.
4.4.8 Select appropriate tolerances from BS 4500 data sheets from shafts and holes to
suit specified types of fits and apply these tolerance in the form of limits to
selected components on working drawings.
4.4.9 Recognise the importance of surface texture and show how qualities of surface
texture are indicated on a working drawing using standard symbols to British
Standards.
4.5 ELEMENTS OF JIGS AND FIXTURES
4.5.1 To appreciate the use of jigs and fixture, and the factors which influence their
affective application.
4.5.2 State the purposes and application of:
- a jig
- a fixture
4.5.3 List the main elements incorporated into the design of:
- a jig
- a fixture.
4.5.4 State the basic principles of location with reference to the six degrees of freedom.
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4.5.5 Given typical examples of standard methods of location utilizing the following
features of components:
- Flat surface
- External diameter(s)
- Bore(s)
4.5.6 State the principles of clamping to achieve the effective restraint of a component.
4.5.7 Give typical examples of clamps and simple clamping devices.
4.5.8 Explain the importance of providing effective swarf disposal using a typical
example.
4.5.9 Draw, or sketch in good proportion, the features of a jig and a fixture required to
accommodate a simple component, with respect to location and clamping.
4.6 CAMS
4.6.1 To demonstrate a basic knowledge of cams, their followers and their application.
4.6.2 Define with reference to cams the following terms:
- constant velocity
- uniform acceleration and retardation
- simple harmonic motion.
4.6.3 Construct geometrically, radial cams to given specifications involving constant

velocity, uniform acceleration/retardation, simple harmonic motion, or
combination of each.
4.6.4 Identify the types of cams listed:
- radial (paste or disc)

- wedge
- cylindrical
- end
4.6.5 Identify the types of followers listed.
- knife edge
- roller
- flat face
- spherical face.
4.6.6 Explain the following terms with respect to cams.
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- lift or rise
- displacement
- dwell
- constant velocity
- uniform acceleration or retardation
- simple harmonic motion
- follower displacement diagram (F.D.D.)
4.6.7 Construct a radial cam involving a combination of:
- constant velocity and uniform acceleration/retardation

- constant velocity and simple harmonic motion.
4.6.8 Construct a displacement diagram for each of 4.6.7
4.7 LOCI
4.7.1 To demonstrate an ability to construct the paths of points in relation to simple

mechanisms and helices.
4.7.2 Define the locus of a point.

4.7.3 Construct, an ellipse, a cycloid, an involutes and Archimedes spiral treated as loci
of points and construct tangents and normals to these curves.
4.7.4 State the importance of determining the locus of a point on a moving mechanism,
e.g. to ensure adequate clearance for guards.
4.7.5 Construct the loci for typical engineering mechanisms e.g. a quick return
mechanism.
4.7.6 Construct a helix treated as a locus with applications to the projection of helices
produced on a right cylinder.
4.8 PICTORIAL AND ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS
4.8.1 To demonstrate the ability to produce and interpret pictorial and isometric
drawings.
(Note: the use of isometric scale is not required).
- Use approximate methods for the construction of circles in isometric

projection.
- Produce pictorial and isometric drawings of typical engineering
components which involve holes, diameters, inclined surfaces and curves.
4.9 STANDARD COMPONENTS
103
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4.9.1 To identify various important standard, or stock items which may be found on
working drawings, or assembly drawings and recognise their usefulness and the
factors which determine their selection.
4.9.2 State the reasons for using ball races and roller races.
4.9.3 Identify the following types of bearings referred to in 4.9.2 and state their
function and applications:
- radial
- thrust
- Taper
- Self-aligning
4.9.4 Demonstrate conventional representation of the bearings referred to in (2).
4.9.5 Identify common types of oilers and lubricators and state their functions and
applications.
4.9.6 Identify common types of oil seals and state their functions and applications.
4.9.7 Identify tension and compression sprints and show their specifications and
conventional representation on a drawing.
4.9.8 Identify the following couplings used in Engineering:
- Flange
- Flexible
- Universal.
4.9.9 Draw sectional views for the couplings listed in (7) indicating their component
parts.
4.9.10 Use catalogues, lists and tables for the extraction of information relating to the
standard components listed above, and incorporate such items on working
drawings, sub-assembly drawings and assembly drawings.
104
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4.10 BASIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS (ELECTRICAL, HYDRAUILIC,

PHEUMATIC)
4.10.1 To demonstrate a knowledge of simple electric, hydraulic and pneumatic circuits.
4.10.2 Identify common electrical components from conventional representations listed

in the appropriate section of BS 3939.
4.10.3 Interpret all relevant information from basic electrical circuit diagrams.
4.10.4 Draw simple electrical circuit diagrams using conventional symbols.
4.10.5 Identify common hydraulic components from conventional representations listed

in the appropriate British Standard.
4.10.6 Interpret all relevant information from basic hydraulic circuit diagrams.
4.10.7 Draw simple hydraulic circuit diagrams using conventional systems.
4.10.8 Identify common pneumatic components from conventional representations listed

in the appropriate British Standard.
4.10.9 Interpret all relevant information from basic pneumatic circuit diagrams.
4.10.10 Draw simple pneumatic circuit diagrams using conventional symbols.
TOPIC NO. OF WEIGHTING NO. OF

HOURS QUESTIONS
1 CAMS 21 15% 1
2 MECHANISMS 21 15% 1
LOCI
3 PNEUMATICS AND 21 15% 1
HYDRAULICS
4 LIMITS AND 21 15% 1
FITS/SYMBOLS
5 ASSEMBLY DRAWING 56 40% 1
TOTAL 140 100% 5
Author Year of Title Publisher

105
I8i
Publication
Maguire D & 1995 Manual of Engineering Drawing Edward Arnold
Simmons C
Hart K.R 1970 Engineering Drawing with Problems Edward Arnold
and Solutions
Ostrowsky O 1985 Engineering Drawing for Technicians Edward Arnold
Vol. 2
Ostrowsky O 1989 Engineering Drawing with CAD Taylor and
Applications Francis
Madsen D.A 2001 Engineering Drawing and Design Cengage
106
I8i

Mechanical National Diploma Syllabus

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What is the aim of the National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering course?

What is the aim of the National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering course?

What are some of the objectives of students upon completing the course?

What are some of the objectives of students upon completing the course?

ZIMBABWE

MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND

HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUS FOR THE

Course Code: 539/15/TN/0

Implementation Date: January

1. Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority (ZESA) 2014

2. Wankie Colliery Company Ltd. 2014

3. Harare Institute of Technology (HIT) 2014

4. Sable Chemical Industries Ltd 2014

5. The Zimbabwe Institution of Engineers (ZIE) 2014

6. Ministry of Public Construction and National Housing 2014

7. Anglo American Corporation Services 2014

8. Dairiboard Zimbabwe Limited 2014

9. City of Harare Department of Works 2014

10. Delta Engineering Training Centre 2014

11. Engineering Employers’ Association of Zimbabwe 2014

12. Willowvale Mazda Motor Industries 2014

13. National Manpower Advisory Council (NAMACO) 2014

14. National University of Science and Technology (NUST) 2014

15. University of Zimbabwe (UZ) 2014

16. Zimbabwe Manpower Development Fund (ZIMDEF) 2014

1.0 TITLE AND LEVEL OF AWARD

National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering: Production Engineering

At the end of the course the student should be able to:

3.2 apply the principles of manufacturing technology to enhance appropriate material

3.3 apply Engineering Mathematics principles to solve Engineering problems.

3.5 demonstrate patriotism to national issues.

3.7 solve engineering problems using mathematical and scientific concepts

3.8 implement health and safety regulations in the work place

4.1 The subjects for the course are:

SUBJECT CODE DURATION (HOURS)

Two years of college and 6 months of supervised industrial attachment.

6.0 ENTRY REQUIREMENTS

6.1 Machine Shop Engineering

7.0 MODE OF STUDY

8.0 ASSESSEMENT SCHEME

EXAMINABLE SUBJECTS MODE OF ASSESSMENT TOTAL

2 Manufacturing technology 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

3 Electro-technology 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

4 Engineering Drawing 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

10% each (30%)

5 Applied Mechanics 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

6 Industrial Management 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

7 CAD/CAM 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

8 *NAS 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

10 Machine Design 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

11 Mechanics of Machines 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

12 Fluid Mechanics 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

13 Strength of Materials 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

14 Thermodynamics 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%

15 Project Refer to Appendix I 100%

60% to 79% - Credit

10.0 CONDITIONS OF AWARD

10.3 The pass mark is 50 %.

Name of Moderator: Signature: Date:___